<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></title><description><![CDATA[Tư vấn viên Sữa mẹ (ABA) & IBCLC, Thông dịch viên NAATI - đồng hành cùng mẹ Việt khắp nơi trên thế giới nuôi con bằng sữa mẹ, bằng kiến thức đúng và một trái tim đủ kiên nhẫn.]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CUuG!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4822fc5e-ccaf-4fb4-ae31-8e32b6bc5d0d_512x512.png</url><title>Webcuame</title><link>https://www.webcuame.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Sat, 10 Oct 2026 07:10:30 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://www.webcuame.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en-gb]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[webcuameblog@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[webcuameblog@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[webcuameblog@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[webcuameblog@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[Cho con bú có làm mẹ “mất xương”? Uống canxi đến bao giờ mới đủ?]]></title><description><![CDATA[B&#224;i vi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p b&#7903;i m&#7897;t Chuy&#234;n gia T&#432; v&#7845;n S&#7919;a m&#7865; Qu&#7889;c t&#7871; (IBCLC) kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7845;p ph&#233;p k&#234; toa thu&#7889;c, n&#234;n kh&#244;ng thay th&#7871; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#253; ki&#7871;n c&#7911;a b&#225;c s&#297;.]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/cho-con-bu-co-lam-me-mat-xuong-uong</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/cho-con-bu-co-lam-me-mat-xuong-uong</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 05 Oct 2026 10:53:22 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aQlm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc687ed52-ea67-4a01-9f84-cf7e975cc6ab_2048x2048.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>B&#224;i vi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p b&#7903;i m&#7897;t Chuy&#234;n gia T&#432; v&#7845;n S&#7919;a m&#7865; Qu&#7889;c t&#7871; (IBCLC) kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7845;p ph&#233;p k&#234; toa thu&#7889;c, n&#234;n kh&#244;ng thay th&#7871; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#253; ki&#7871;n c&#7911;a b&#225;c s&#297;. M&#7865; c&#243; b&#7879;nh l&#253; v&#7873; x&#432;&#417;ng, th&#7853;n, tuy&#7871;n gi&#225;p ho&#7863;c &#273;ang d&#249;ng thu&#7889;c th&#236; nh&#7899; h&#7887;i b&#225;c s&#297; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u hay ng&#432;ng b&#7845;t k&#7923; vi&#234;n b&#7893; sung n&#224;o nha.</em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aQlm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc687ed52-ea67-4a01-9f84-cf7e975cc6ab_2048x2048.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aQlm!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc687ed52-ea67-4a01-9f84-cf7e975cc6ab_2048x2048.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aQlm!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc687ed52-ea67-4a01-9f84-cf7e975cc6ab_2048x2048.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aQlm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc687ed52-ea67-4a01-9f84-cf7e975cc6ab_2048x2048.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aQlm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc687ed52-ea67-4a01-9f84-cf7e975cc6ab_2048x2048.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aQlm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc687ed52-ea67-4a01-9f84-cf7e975cc6ab_2048x2048.jpeg" width="1456" height="1456" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c687ed52-ea67-4a01-9f84-cf7e975cc6ab_2048x2048.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1456,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:870704,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/i/218911959?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc687ed52-ea67-4a01-9f84-cf7e975cc6ab_2048x2048.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aQlm!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc687ed52-ea67-4a01-9f84-cf7e975cc6ab_2048x2048.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aQlm!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc687ed52-ea67-4a01-9f84-cf7e975cc6ab_2048x2048.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aQlm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc687ed52-ea67-4a01-9f84-cf7e975cc6ab_2048x2048.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aQlm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc687ed52-ea67-4a01-9f84-cf7e975cc6ab_2048x2048.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>M&#7865; S&#7919;a c&#243; bi&#7871;t? Trong nh&#7919;ng n&#259;m mang thai v&#224; cho con b&#250;, b&#7897; x&#432;&#417;ng c&#7911;a m&#7865; l&#224;m m&#7897;t vi&#7879;c r&#7845;t th&#244;ng minh m&#224; &#237;t ai k&#7875; cho m&#236;nh nghe.</p><p>G&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y m&#236;nh nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c kh&#225; nhi&#7873;u tin nh&#7855;n h&#7887;i c&#249;ng m&#7897;t chuy&#7879;n: &#8220;Ch&#7883; &#417;i, em nghe n&#243;i cho con b&#250; l&#224; m&#7845;t canxi, x&#432;&#417;ng s&#7869; lo&#227;ng, ph&#7843;i u&#7889;ng canxi t&#7899;i khi cai s&#7919;a c&#7843; n&#259;m m&#7899;i &#273;&#7911;, &#273;&#250;ng kh&#244;ng ch&#7883;?&#8221; C&#243; m&#7865; c&#242;n lo t&#7899;i m&#7913;c t&#237;nh cai s&#7919;a s&#7899;m cho x&#432;&#417;ng &#8220;&#273;&#7905; b&#7883; r&#250;t&#8221;.</p><p>M&#236;nh hi&#7875;u n&#7895;i lo n&#224;y l&#7855;m. Ai m&#224; kh&#244;ng s&#7907; v&#7873; gi&#224; &#273;au l&#432;ng, g&#227;y x&#432;&#417;ng. N&#234;n b&#224;i n&#224;y m&#236;nh k&#7875; l&#7841;i chuy&#7879;n g&#236; th&#7853;t s&#7921; x&#7843;y ra v&#7899;i x&#432;&#417;ng m&#7865;, t&#7915; l&#250;c mang b&#7847;u t&#7899;i sau khi cai s&#7919;a, &#273;&#7875; m&#7865; y&#234;n t&#226;m m&#224; cho con b&#250; v&#224; bi&#7871;t c&#225;ch ch&#259;m x&#432;&#417;ng cho &#273;&#250;ng.</p><p>&#272;&#7875; d&#7877; h&#236;nh dung, m&#7865; th&#7917; t&#432;&#7903;ng t&#432;&#7907;ng b&#7897; x&#432;&#417;ng c&#7911;a m&#236;nh l&#224; m&#7897;t <strong>t&#224;i kho&#7843;n ti&#7871;t ki&#7879;m canxi</strong>. C&#7843; b&#224;i n&#224;y m&#236;nh s&#7869; theo d&#245;i xem t&#224;i kho&#7843;n &#273;&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7917;i v&#224;o, r&#250;t ra, r&#7891;i b&#249; l&#7841;i ra sao nh&#233;.</p><h2>I. Khi mang thai: c&#417; th&#7875; m&#7903; th&#234;m &#8220;ngu&#7891;n thu&#8221;</h2><p>Em b&#233; trong b&#7909;ng c&#7847;n kh&#225; nhi&#7873;u canxi &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m x&#432;&#417;ng, nh&#7845;t l&#224; trong 3 th&#225;ng cu&#7889;i. Nh&#432;ng &#273;&#7875; lo ph&#7847;n n&#224;y, c&#417; th&#7875; m&#7865; KH&#212;NG r&#250;t nhi&#7873;u t&#7915; t&#224;i kho&#7843;n x&#432;&#417;ng.</p><p>Thay v&#224;o &#273;&#243;, ru&#7897;t m&#7865; t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng h&#7845;p thu canxi t&#7915; th&#7913;c &#259;n g&#7845;p kho&#7843;ng <strong>hai l&#7847;n</strong> so v&#7899;i l&#250;c ch&#432;a c&#243; b&#7847;u (Kovacs, 2016). Gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; c&#244;ng ty bi&#7871;t s&#7855;p c&#243; kho&#7843;n chi l&#7899;n n&#234;n t&#259;ng l&#432;&#417;ng cho m&#7865; tr&#432;&#7899;c, ch&#7913; ch&#432;a c&#7847;n &#273;&#7909;ng t&#7899;i s&#7893; ti&#7871;t ki&#7879;m. V&#236; v&#7853;y trong l&#250;c mang thai, x&#432;&#417;ng m&#7865; thay &#273;&#7893;i r&#7845;t &#237;t.</p><p>V&#7853;y m&#7865; b&#7847;u c&#243; c&#7847;n u&#7889;ng canxi kh&#244;ng? C&#243; th&#7875; c&#243;, t&#249;y ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; &#259;n. T&#7893; ch&#7913;c Y t&#7871; Th&#7871; gi&#7899;i (WHO, 2018) khuy&#234;n: &#7903; nh&#7919;ng n&#417;i ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#226;n &#259;n &#237;t canxi, m&#7865; b&#7847;u n&#234;n u&#7889;ng th&#234;m <strong>1,5&#8211;2 g canxi m&#7895;i ng&#224;y</strong>, chia 3 l&#7847;n trong b&#7919;a &#259;n, v&#224; u&#7889;ng c&#225;ch vi&#234;n s&#7855;t v&#224;i ti&#7871;ng. M&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch ch&#237;nh c&#7911;a khuy&#7871;n c&#225;o n&#224;y l&#224; <strong>gi&#7843;m nguy c&#417; ti&#7873;n s&#7843;n gi&#7853;t</strong> (pre-eclampsia), m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n ch&#7913;ng huy&#7871;t &#225;p nguy hi&#7875;m cho c&#7843; m&#7865; v&#224; b&#233;.</p><p>B&#7919;a &#259;n c&#7911;a nhi&#7873;u gia &#273;&#236;nh Vi&#7879;t th&#432;&#7901;ng &#237;t s&#7919;a v&#224; ch&#7871; ph&#7849;m t&#7915; s&#7919;a, n&#234;n vi&#7879;c b&#225;c s&#297; s&#7843;n k&#234; canxi cho m&#7865; b&#7847;u &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam l&#224; h&#7907;p l&#253;. C&#242;n &#7903; &#218;c, m&#7865; n&#224;o &#259;n u&#7889;ng &#273;&#7911; canxi m&#7895;i ng&#224;y th&#236; th&#432;&#7901;ng kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n u&#7889;ng th&#234;m.</p><h2>II. Khi cho con b&#250;: x&#432;&#417;ng m&#7865; &#8220;cho con m&#432;&#7907;n&#8221; canxi</h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GtBv!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d391529-e00a-4386-8b8a-de63bce1e2ab_2048x2048.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GtBv!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d391529-e00a-4386-8b8a-de63bce1e2ab_2048x2048.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GtBv!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d391529-e00a-4386-8b8a-de63bce1e2ab_2048x2048.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GtBv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d391529-e00a-4386-8b8a-de63bce1e2ab_2048x2048.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GtBv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d391529-e00a-4386-8b8a-de63bce1e2ab_2048x2048.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GtBv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d391529-e00a-4386-8b8a-de63bce1e2ab_2048x2048.jpeg" width="1456" height="1456" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7d391529-e00a-4386-8b8a-de63bce1e2ab_2048x2048.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1456,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:938252,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/i/218911959?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d391529-e00a-4386-8b8a-de63bce1e2ab_2048x2048.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GtBv!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d391529-e00a-4386-8b8a-de63bce1e2ab_2048x2048.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GtBv!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d391529-e00a-4386-8b8a-de63bce1e2ab_2048x2048.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GtBv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d391529-e00a-4386-8b8a-de63bce1e2ab_2048x2048.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GtBv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7d391529-e00a-4386-8b8a-de63bce1e2ab_2048x2048.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>Sau sinh th&#236; kh&#225;c. Ru&#7897;t m&#7865; h&#7845;p thu canxi tr&#7903; l&#7841;i m&#7913;c b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng nh&#432; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi c&#243; b&#7847;u (kh&#244;ng k&#233;m &#273;i, ch&#7881; l&#224; h&#7871;t &#8220;t&#259;ng l&#432;&#417;ng&#8221;). L&#432;&#7907;ng canxi &#273;i v&#224;o s&#7919;a cho b&#233; m&#7895;i ng&#224;y l&#7845;y ch&#7911; y&#7871;u t&#7915;&#8230; t&#224;i kho&#7843;n x&#432;&#417;ng c&#7911;a m&#7865;.</p><p>Ai &#273;&#227; b&#7845;m n&#250;t &#8220;r&#250;t ti&#7873;n&#8221;? C&#243; hai nh&#226;n v&#7853;t ch&#237;nh (Kovacs, 2016):</p><p>&#8226; <strong>Estrogen th&#7845;p.</strong> Khi m&#7865; cho b&#250; nhi&#7873;u, nh&#7845;t l&#224; cho b&#250; ho&#224;n to&#224;n, n&#7897;i ti&#7871;t t&#7889; estrogen xu&#7889;ng th&#7845;p, nhi&#7873;u m&#7865; ch&#432;a c&#243; kinh l&#7841;i. Estrogen v&#7889;n l&#224; &#8220;b&#7843;o v&#7879;&#8221; c&#7911;a x&#432;&#417;ng, n&#234;n khi b&#7843;o v&#7879; ngh&#7881; ph&#233;p, canxi d&#7877; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#250;t ra h&#417;n.</p><p>&#8226; <strong>PTHrP.</strong> &#272;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t n&#7897;i ti&#7871;t t&#7889; do ch&#237;nh tuy&#7871;n v&#250; ti&#7871;t ra khi &#273;ang l&#224;m s&#7919;a. N&#243; &#8220;k&#253; l&#7879;nh&#8221; cho x&#432;&#417;ng nh&#7843; canxi v&#224;o m&#225;u &#273;&#7875; chuy&#7875;n sang s&#7919;a.</p><p>K&#7871;t qu&#7843; l&#224; trong nh&#7919;ng th&#225;ng cho b&#250;, m&#7853;t &#273;&#7897; x&#432;&#417;ng &#7903; c&#7897;t s&#7889;ng v&#224; h&#244;ng c&#7911;a m&#7865; gi&#7843;m kho&#7843;ng 5&#8211;10%. Nghe con s&#7889; th&#236; h&#417;i gi&#7853;t m&#236;nh, nh&#432;ng m&#7865; &#273;&#7915;ng lo. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#417; ch&#7871; th&#237;ch nghi c&#243; s&#7861;n trong c&#417; th&#7875; ph&#7909; n&#7919;, &#273;&#7875; b&#233; lu&#244;n c&#243; &#273;&#7911; canxi trong s&#7919;a d&#249; h&#244;m &#273;&#243; m&#7865; &#259;n u&#7889;ng ra sao. N&#243; KH&#212;NG c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; m&#7865; &#273;ang &#8220;thi&#7871;u canxi&#8221; hay &#273;ang b&#7883; b&#7879;nh lo&#227;ng x&#432;&#417;ng.</p><p>L&#432;&#7907;ng canxi trong s&#7919;a m&#7865; c&#361;ng kh&#225; &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh, kh&#244;ng t&#259;ng l&#234;n khi m&#7865; &#259;n hay u&#7889;ng th&#234;m canxi. N&#234;n m&#7865; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n u&#7889;ng canxi &#8220;cho s&#7919;a &#273;&#7863;c&#8221; hay &#8220;cho con c&#7913;ng x&#432;&#417;ng&#8221; nha.</p><h2>III. U&#7889;ng th&#234;m canxi c&#243; gi&#7919; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#432;&#417;ng khi cho b&#250; kh&#244;ng?</h2><p>C&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i h&#417;i b&#7845;t ng&#7901;: g&#7847;n nh&#432; kh&#244;ng.</p><p>N&#259;m 1997, nh&#243;m nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#7911;a Kalkwarf &#7903; M&#7929; cho m&#7897;t nh&#243;m m&#7865; &#273;ang cho b&#250; u&#7889;ng th&#234;m canxi m&#7895;i ng&#224;y, nh&#243;m c&#242;n l&#7841;i u&#7889;ng gi&#7843; d&#432;&#7907;c, r&#7891;i &#273;o x&#432;&#417;ng c&#7843; hai nh&#243;m. Hai nh&#243;m m&#7845;t x&#432;&#417;ng khi cho b&#250; g&#7847;n nh&#432; b&#7857;ng nhau, v&#224; x&#432;&#417;ng c&#361;ng h&#7891;i ph&#7909;c sau cai s&#7919;a nh&#432; nhau (Kalkwarf v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, 1997). N&#259;m 2020, Cai v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; gom 5 th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m v&#7899;i 567 b&#224; m&#7865; l&#7841;i ph&#226;n t&#237;ch v&#224; c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng th&#7845;y l&#7907;i &#237;ch &#273;&#225;ng k&#7875; cho x&#432;&#417;ng.</p><p>L&#253; do n&#7857;m &#7903; ph&#7847;n tr&#234;n. N&#250;t &#8220;r&#250;t ti&#7873;n&#8221; do n&#7897;i ti&#7871;t t&#7889; b&#7845;m, m&#7865; n&#7841;p th&#234;m ti&#7873;n v&#224;o c&#7917;a tr&#432;&#7899;c th&#236; n&#243; v&#7851;n r&#250;t &#7903; c&#7917;a sau. &#272;&#7907;t r&#250;t n&#224;y ch&#7881; d&#7915;ng khi n&#7897;i ti&#7871;t thay &#273;&#7893;i, t&#7913;c l&#224; khi b&#233; b&#250; &#237;t &#273;i, m&#7865; c&#243; kinh l&#7841;i, r&#7891;i cai s&#7919;a.</p><p>C&#243; m&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u khi&#7871;n m&#236;nh nh&#7899; m&#227;i. &#7902; Gambia (ch&#226;u Phi), ph&#7909; n&#7919; &#259;n r&#7845;t &#237;t canxi, ch&#7881; kho&#7843;ng 350 mg m&#7895;i ng&#224;y. Nh&#243;m m&#7865; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c u&#7889;ng 1.500 mg canxi m&#7895;i ng&#224;y l&#250;c mang thai sau &#273;&#243; l&#7841;i m&#7845;t x&#432;&#417;ng h&#244;ng NHI&#7872;U H&#416;N nh&#243;m kh&#244;ng u&#7889;ng, trong su&#7889;t n&#259;m &#273;&#7847;u cho b&#250; (Jarjou v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, 2010). Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;y nh&#7887; (125 m&#7865;) v&#224; l&#224;m &#7903; m&#7897;t nh&#243;m d&#226;n r&#7845;t &#273;&#7863;c th&#249;, n&#234;n m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng d&#225;m k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n &#8220;u&#7889;ng canxi l&#224; c&#243; h&#7841;i&#8221;. Nh&#432;ng n&#243; nh&#7855;c m&#236;nh r&#7857;ng c&#417; th&#7875; m&#7865; c&#243; c&#225;ch c&#226;n b&#7857;ng ri&#234;ng, v&#224; u&#7889;ng c&#224;ng nhi&#7873;u, c&#224;ng l&#226;u ch&#432;a ch&#7855;c &#273;&#227; c&#224;ng t&#7889;t.</p><h2>IV. Sau cai s&#7919;a: t&#224;i kho&#7843;n t&#7921; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#249; l&#7841;i</h2><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; ph&#7847;n m&#236;nh th&#237;ch nh&#7845;t. Khi m&#7865; c&#243; kinh l&#7841;i v&#224; b&#233; b&#250; &#237;t d&#7847;n, estrogen t&#259;ng l&#234;n, x&#432;&#417;ng b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#226;y l&#7841;i. Sau cai s&#7919;a kho&#7843;ng 6&#8211;12 th&#225;ng, m&#7853;t &#273;&#7897; x&#432;&#417;ng c&#7911;a &#273;a s&#7889; m&#7865; v&#7873; l&#7841;i g&#7847;n nh&#432; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi mang thai (Kovacs, 2016). Qu&#225; tr&#236;nh n&#224;y di&#7877;n ra d&#249; m&#7865; c&#243; u&#7889;ng canxi hay kh&#244;ng (Kalkwarf v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, 1997).</p><p>V&#7853;y v&#7873; l&#226;u d&#224;i, sinh con v&#224; cho con b&#250; c&#243; l&#224;m m&#7865; d&#7877; lo&#227;ng x&#432;&#417;ng khi v&#7873; gi&#224; kh&#244;ng?</p><p>V&#7899;i &#273;a s&#7889; ph&#7909; n&#7919; th&#236; KH&#212;NG (Kovacs, 2016). Th&#7853;m ch&#237; m&#7897;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch g&#7897;p 12 nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#7899;i g&#7847;n 15.000 ph&#7909; n&#7919; c&#242;n th&#7845;y nh&#7919;ng m&#7865; cho b&#250; l&#226;u h&#417;n c&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng &#237;t g&#227;y x&#432;&#417;ng h&#244;ng h&#417;n (Duan v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, 2017). K&#7871;t qu&#7843; n&#224;y ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; m&#7841;nh &#273;&#7875; kh&#7859;ng &#273;&#7883;nh b&#250; m&#7865; &#8220;b&#7843;o v&#7879; x&#432;&#417;ng&#8221;, nh&#432;ng &#237;t nh&#7845;t n&#243; cho th&#7845;y cho con b&#250; kh&#244;ng l&#224;m h&#7841;i x&#432;&#417;ng m&#7865; v&#7873; sau.</p><p>Ngo&#224;i ra, cho con b&#250; c&#242;n gi&#250;p m&#7865; gi&#7843;m nguy c&#417; ung th&#432; v&#250;, v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; c&#7843; ung th&#432; bu&#7891;ng tr&#7913;ng l&#7851;n ti&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng type 2 (Victora v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, 2016). N&#234;n n&#7871;u m&#7865; &#273;ang t&#237;nh cai s&#7919;a s&#7899;m ch&#7881; v&#236; s&#7907; x&#432;&#417;ng y&#7871;u, m&#236;nh mong m&#7865; c&#226;n nh&#7855;c l&#7841;i nha. WHO v&#7851;n khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch cho con b&#250; &#273;&#7871;n 2 tu&#7893;i ho&#7863;c l&#226;u h&#417;n, n&#7871;u m&#7865; v&#224; b&#233; c&#242;n mu&#7889;n.</p><h2>V. V&#7853;y m&#7865; n&#234;n l&#224;m g&#236; cho x&#432;&#417;ng?</h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xn5x!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0de7bb39-9048-4ae3-a5f6-b51556c1470e_2048x2048.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xn5x!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0de7bb39-9048-4ae3-a5f6-b51556c1470e_2048x2048.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xn5x!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0de7bb39-9048-4ae3-a5f6-b51556c1470e_2048x2048.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xn5x!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0de7bb39-9048-4ae3-a5f6-b51556c1470e_2048x2048.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xn5x!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0de7bb39-9048-4ae3-a5f6-b51556c1470e_2048x2048.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xn5x!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0de7bb39-9048-4ae3-a5f6-b51556c1470e_2048x2048.jpeg" width="1456" height="1456" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0de7bb39-9048-4ae3-a5f6-b51556c1470e_2048x2048.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1456,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1072016,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/i/218911959?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0de7bb39-9048-4ae3-a5f6-b51556c1470e_2048x2048.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xn5x!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0de7bb39-9048-4ae3-a5f6-b51556c1470e_2048x2048.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xn5x!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0de7bb39-9048-4ae3-a5f6-b51556c1470e_2048x2048.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xn5x!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0de7bb39-9048-4ae3-a5f6-b51556c1470e_2048x2048.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xn5x!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0de7bb39-9048-4ae3-a5f6-b51556c1470e_2048x2048.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p><strong>1. &#258;n &#273;&#7911; canxi m&#7895;i ng&#224;y, v&#7853;y l&#224; &#273;&#7911;.</strong> M&#7865; cho b&#250; t&#7915; 19 &#273;&#7871;n 50 tu&#7893;i c&#7847;n kho&#7843;ng 1.000 mg canxi m&#7895;i ng&#224;y, b&#7857;ng &#273;&#250;ng ph&#7909; n&#7919; kh&#244;ng cho b&#250; c&#249;ng tu&#7893;i (IOM, 2011). Nhu c&#7847;u n&#224;y KH&#212;NG t&#259;ng khi cho b&#250;. M&#7865; c&#243; th&#7875; l&#7845;y canxi t&#7915;:</p><p>&#8226; S&#7919;a, s&#7919;a chua, ph&#244; mai</p><p>&#8226; &#272;&#7853;u ph&#7909;, s&#7919;a &#273;&#7853;u n&#224;nh c&#243; b&#7893; sung canxi</p><p>&#8226; C&#225; nh&#7887; &#259;n c&#7843; x&#432;&#417;ng, t&#244;m t&#233;p, cua &#273;&#7891;ng</p><p>&#8226; Rau xanh &#273;&#7853;m nh&#432; c&#7843;i ch&#237;p, c&#7843;i ng&#7885;t, b&#244;ng c&#7843;i xanh</p><p>&#8226; M&#232; (v&#7915;ng), h&#7841;nh nh&#226;n</p><p><strong>2. Ch&#7881; u&#7889;ng th&#234;m vi&#234;n canxi khi &#259;n kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7911;.</strong> V&#237; d&#7909; m&#7865; kh&#244;ng u&#7889;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7919;a, &#259;n chay, hay b&#7883; d&#7883; &#7913;ng &#273;&#7841;m s&#7919;a b&#242;. Khi &#273;&#243; m&#7909;c ti&#234;u l&#224; b&#249; cho &#273;&#7911; ph&#7847;n c&#242;n thi&#7871;u, kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n u&#7889;ng t&#7899;i m&#7897;t m&#7889;c th&#7901;i gian c&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh n&#224;o sau cai s&#7919;a. Th&#234;m hai &#273;i&#7873;u nh&#7887; m&#7865; n&#234;n nh&#7899;:</p><p>&#8226; Kh&#244;ng u&#7889;ng qu&#225; 2.500 mg canxi m&#7895;i ng&#224;y (t&#237;nh c&#7843; th&#7913;c &#259;n l&#7851;n vi&#234;n u&#7889;ng). Th&#7915;a canxi d&#7877; g&#226;y t&#225;o b&#243;n v&#224; t&#259;ng nguy c&#417; s&#7887;i th&#7853;n.</p><p>&#8226; Canxi l&#224;m ru&#7897;t h&#7845;p thu s&#7855;t k&#233;m &#273;i. M&#7865; sau sinh &#273;ang u&#7889;ng s&#7855;t v&#236; thi&#7871;u m&#225;u th&#236; u&#7889;ng hai lo&#7841;i c&#225;ch nhau v&#224;i ti&#7871;ng nha.</p><p><strong>3. Nu&#244;i x&#432;&#417;ng b&#7857;ng c&#7843; l&#7889;i s&#7889;ng.</strong> Vitamin D (&#7903; &#218;c, h&#7887;i GP xem m&#7865; c&#243; c&#7847;n x&#233;t nghi&#7879;m kh&#244;ng), &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7841;m, v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng c&#243; ch&#7883;u l&#7921;c nh&#432; &#273;i b&#7897;, h&#7841;n ch&#7871; thu&#7889;c l&#225; v&#224; r&#432;&#7907;u bia. M&#7845;y th&#7913; n&#224;y &#237;t ai nh&#7855;c, m&#224; l&#7841;i &#273;&#7905; cho x&#432;&#417;ng l&#226;u d&#224;i.</p><p><strong>4. &#272;&#7875; c&#225;ch &#237;t nh&#7845;t 2 n&#259;m r&#7891;i h&#7861;ng mang thai b&#233; ti&#7871;p theo.</strong> WHO khuy&#234;n m&#7865; n&#234;n ch&#7901; &#205;T NH&#7844;T 24 th&#225;ng sau khi sinh r&#7891;i m&#7899;i mang thai l&#7841;i (WHO, 2007). Kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch n&#224;y gi&#250;p gi&#7843;m nguy c&#417; sinh non, b&#233; nh&#7865; c&#226;n, v&#224; cho c&#417; th&#7875; m&#7865; c&#243; th&#7901;i gian h&#7891;i s&#7913;c. Kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch &#273;&#243; c&#361;ng r&#7845;t v&#7915;a v&#7863;n v&#7899;i chuy&#7879;n b&#233; l&#7899;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#250; m&#7865; t&#7899;i 2 tu&#7893;i.</p><p><strong>5. Bi&#7871;t khi n&#224;o c&#7847;n &#273;i kh&#225;m.</strong> C&#243; m&#7897;t b&#7879;nh hi&#7871;m g&#7885;i l&#224; lo&#227;ng x&#432;&#417;ng li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n mang thai v&#224; cho con b&#250;. M&#7865; n&#234;n &#273;i kh&#225;m s&#7899;m n&#7871;u &#273;au l&#432;ng d&#7919; d&#7897;i k&#233;o d&#224;i, th&#7845;y l&#249;n &#273;i, ho&#7863;c g&#227;y x&#432;&#417;ng ch&#7881; sau m&#7897;t c&#250; ng&#227; nh&#7865;. C&#242;n nh&#7919;ng c&#417;n &#273;au l&#432;ng, m&#7887;i c&#7893; vai th&#432;&#7901;ng g&#7863;p sau sinh th&#236; hay &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; t&#432; th&#7871; b&#7871; con, cho b&#250; v&#224; thi&#7871;u ng&#7911; nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n, v&#236; lo&#227;ng x&#432;&#417;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng &#226;m th&#7847;m, kh&#244;ng g&#226;y &#273;au khi ch&#432;a g&#227;y x&#432;&#417;ng.</p><h2>L&#7901;i k&#7871;t</h2><p>Quay l&#7841;i v&#7899;i t&#224;i kho&#7843;n ti&#7871;t ki&#7879;m nh&#233;. L&#250;c mang thai, c&#417; th&#7875; t&#259;ng l&#432;&#417;ng cho m&#7865;. L&#250;c cho b&#250;, m&#7865; r&#250;t b&#7899;t ra &#273;&#7875; nu&#244;i con. Cai s&#7919;a xong, t&#224;i kho&#7843;n t&#7921; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#249; l&#7841;i. M&#7865; ch&#7881; c&#7847;n &#259;n u&#7889;ng &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7875; t&#224;i kho&#7843;n c&#243; &#8220;v&#7889;n&#8221;, c&#242;n l&#7841;i c&#7913; &#273;&#7875; c&#417; th&#7875; l&#224;m ph&#7847;n vi&#7879;c m&#224; n&#243; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m t&#7915; h&#224;ng tri&#7879;u n&#259;m nay.</p><p>Cho con b&#250; kh&#244;ng l&#7845;y &#273;i x&#432;&#417;ng c&#7911;a m&#7865;. M&#7865; ch&#7881; &#273;ang cho con m&#432;&#7907;n t&#7841;m, v&#224; c&#417; th&#7875; lu&#244;n bi&#7871;t c&#225;ch &#273;&#242;i l&#7841;i.</p><p><em>M&#7895;i m&#7865; m&#7895;i kh&#225;c. N&#7871;u m&#7865; c&#243; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e ri&#234;ng, h&#227;y h&#7887;i b&#225;c s&#297; ho&#7863;c chuy&#234;n gia t&#432; v&#7845;n s&#7919;a m&#7865; (IBCLC) &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#432; v&#7845;n ph&#249; h&#7907;p.</em></p><h2>T&#224;i li&#7879;u tham kh&#7843;o</h2><p>1. Cai, G., Tian, J., Winzenberg, T., &amp; Wu, F. (2020). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa103">Calcium supplementation for improving bone density in lactating women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials</a>. <em>The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 112</em>(1), 48&#8211;56.</p><p>2. Duan, X., Wang, J., &amp; Jiang, X. (2017). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-016-3753-x">A meta-analysis of breastfeeding and osteoporotic fracture risk in the females</a>. <em>Osteoporosis International, 28</em>, 495&#8211;503.</p><p>3. Institute of Medicine. (2011). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK56056/">Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D</a>. The National Academies Press.</p><p>4. Jarjou, L. M. A., et al. (2010). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2010.29217">Effect of calcium supplementation in pregnancy on maternal bone outcomes in women with a low calcium intake</a>. <em>The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 92</em>(2), 450&#8211;457.</p><p>5. Kalkwarf, H. J., Specker, B. L., Bianchi, D. C., Ranz, J., &amp; Ho, M. (1997). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199708213370803">The effect of calcium supplementation on bone density during lactation and after weaning</a>. <em>New England Journal of Medicine, 337</em>(8), 523&#8211;528.</p><p>6. Kovacs, C. S. (2016). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00027.2015">Maternal mineral and bone metabolism during pregnancy, lactation, and post-weaning recovery</a>. <em>Physiological Reviews, 96</em>(2), 449&#8211;547.</p><p>7. Victora, C. G., Bahl, R., Barros, A. J. D., et al. (2016). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01024-7">Breastfeeding in the 21st century: Epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect</a>. <em>The Lancet, 387</em>(10017), 475&#8211;490.</p><p>8. World Health Organization. (2007). <a href="https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-RHR-07.1">Report of a WHO technical consultation on birth spacing</a>. WHO.</p><p>9. World Health Organization. (2018). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535812/">WHO recommendation: Calcium supplementation during pregnancy for the prevention of pre-eclampsia and its complications</a>. WHO.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe"><span>&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Bú mẹ có kích dục không?]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#272;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i, th&#7853;m ch&#237; l&#224; m&#7897;t nh&#7853;n &#273;&#7883;nh c&#7911;a kh&#244;ng &#237;t ng&#432;&#7901;i.]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/bu-me-co-kich-duc-khong</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/bu-me-co-kich-duc-khong</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 01 Oct 2026 07:18:22 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bnwU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14293df6-4fbe-46f3-af72-f4ae3af2e4ee_2752x1536.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bnwU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14293df6-4fbe-46f3-af72-f4ae3af2e4ee_2752x1536.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bnwU!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14293df6-4fbe-46f3-af72-f4ae3af2e4ee_2752x1536.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bnwU!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14293df6-4fbe-46f3-af72-f4ae3af2e4ee_2752x1536.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bnwU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14293df6-4fbe-46f3-af72-f4ae3af2e4ee_2752x1536.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bnwU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14293df6-4fbe-46f3-af72-f4ae3af2e4ee_2752x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bnwU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14293df6-4fbe-46f3-af72-f4ae3af2e4ee_2752x1536.jpeg" width="1456" height="813" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bnwU!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14293df6-4fbe-46f3-af72-f4ae3af2e4ee_2752x1536.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bnwU!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14293df6-4fbe-46f3-af72-f4ae3af2e4ee_2752x1536.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bnwU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14293df6-4fbe-46f3-af72-f4ae3af2e4ee_2752x1536.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bnwU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14293df6-4fbe-46f3-af72-f4ae3af2e4ee_2752x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i, th&#7853;m ch&#237; l&#224; m&#7897;t nh&#7853;n &#273;&#7883;nh c&#7911;a kh&#244;ng &#237;t ng&#432;&#7901;i. &#272;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t khi h&#236;nh &#7843;nh m&#7865; cho con b&#250; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#259;ng tr&#234;n m&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i, c&#7909; th&#7875; l&#224; b&#233; l&#7899;n, b&#7845;t k&#7875; l&#224; b&#233; trai hay b&#233; g&#225;i th&#236; ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; trong &#7843;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7883; ch&#7881; tr&#237;ch l&#224; cho con b&#250; qu&#225; l&#226;u, g&#226;y l&#7879;ch l&#7841;c gi&#7899;i t&#237;nh cho con. WHO khuy&#7871;n c&#225;o ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c cho con b&#250; &#273;&#7871;n 2 tu&#7893;i ho&#7863;c l&#226;u h&#417;n, c&#249;ng v&#7899;i th&#7913;c &#259;n b&#7893; sung an to&#224;n v&#224; &#273;&#7911; dinh d&#432;&#7905;ng t&#7915; 6 th&#225;ng tu&#7893;i (WHO, 2026). B&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y s&#7869; cung c&#7845;p nh&#7919;ng lu&#7853;n &#273;i&#7875;m &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch vi&#7879;c n&#224;y.</p><p>Ng&#7855;n g&#7885;n nh&#432; sau:</p><p><strong>C&#417; ch&#7871; b&#250; m&#7865; c&#7911;a tr&#7867; nh&#7887; v&#224; k&#237;ch th&#237;ch v&#250; trong sinh ho&#7841;t t&#236;nh d&#7909;c: hai hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng ho&#224;n to&#224;n kh&#225;c nhau v&#7873; sinh l&#253; v&#224; m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch</strong></p><p>X&#233;t tr&#234;n ph&#432;&#417;ng di&#7879;n <strong>sinh l&#253; h&#7885;c, th&#7847;n kinh - n&#7897;i ti&#7871;t v&#224; m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch sinh h&#7885;c</strong>, c&#417; ch&#7871; b&#250; c&#7911;a tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh khi b&#250; m&#7865; <strong>kh&#225;c r&#7845;t xa</strong> so v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c mi&#7879;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n k&#237;ch th&#237;ch v&#250; trong sinh ho&#7841;t t&#236;nh d&#7909;c.<br>S&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; t&#243;m l&#432;&#7907;c qua b&#7889;n kh&#237;a c&#7841;nh ch&#237;nh: <strong>&#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c, l&#7921;c v&#224; nh&#7883;p, &#273;i&#7875;m ti&#7871;p x&#250;c, v&#224; ph&#7843;n x&#7841; n&#7897;i ti&#7871;t - th&#7847;n kinh</strong>.</p><h3>1. C&#417; ch&#7871; b&#250; c&#7911;a tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh khi b&#250; m&#7865;</h3><p>B&#250; m&#7865; &#7903; tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh l&#224; m&#7897;t <strong>k&#7929; n&#259;ng sinh t&#7891;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#7853;p tr&#236;nh s&#7861;n</strong>, xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n t&#7915; giai &#273;o&#7841;n b&#224;o thai v&#224; ho&#224;n thi&#7879;n d&#7847;n sau sinh.</p><p>V&#7873; m&#7863;t c&#417; h&#7885;c, khi b&#250; &#273;&#250;ng:</p><ul><li><p>Mi&#7879;ng tr&#7867; m&#7903; r&#7897;ng, m&#244;i d&#432;&#7899;i h&#432;&#7899;ng ra ngo&#224;i.</p></li><li><p>Tr&#7867; ng&#7853;m s&#226;u <strong>kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; n&#250;m v&#250; m&#224; c&#7843; ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n qu&#7847;ng v&#250;</strong>, c&#7857;m &#225;p s&#225;t v&#224;o b&#7847;u v&#250;.</p></li><li><p>L&#432;&#7905;i t&#7841;o h&#236;nh d&#7841;ng nh&#432; m&#7897;t c&#225;i &#8220;m&#225;ng&#8221;, &#244;m l&#7845;y n&#250;m v&#224; qu&#7847;ng v&#250;.</p></li><li><p>L&#432;&#7905;i di chuy&#7875;n theo <strong>s&#243;ng nhu &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7915; tr&#432;&#7899;c ra sau</strong>, ph&#7889;i h&#7907;p v&#7899;i h&#224;m d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o l&#7921;c h&#250;t, gi&#250;p s&#7919;a ch&#7843;y ra t&#7915; c&#225;c &#7889;ng d&#7851;n s&#7919;a d&#432;&#7899;i qu&#7847;ng v&#250; (Ramsay v&#224; cs., 2005; Geddes v&#224; cs., 2008).</p></li></ul><p>V&#7873; m&#7863;t &#273;&#7897;ng h&#7885;c:</p><ul><li><p>Tr&#7867; ph&#7889;i h&#7907;p nh&#7883;p nh&#224;ng ba h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng: <strong>m&#250;t - nu&#7889;t - th&#7903;</strong>.</p></li><li><p>&#193;p l&#7921;c &#226;m (negative pressure) trong khoang mi&#7879;ng (h&#250;t) do l&#432;&#7905;i v&#224; h&#224;m d&#432;&#7899;i t&#7841;o ra, l&#224; y&#7871;u t&#7889; ch&#237;nh gi&#250;p s&#7919;a ch&#7843;y ra &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#7863;n (Geddes v&#224; cs., 2008).</p></li><li><p>Nh&#7883;p b&#250; &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh n&#224;y &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o tr&#7867; v&#7915;a nh&#7853;n &#273;&#7911; dinh d&#432;&#7905;ng v&#7915;a <strong>an to&#224;n cho &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng th&#7903;</strong>.</p></li></ul><p>V&#7873; m&#7863;t n&#7897;i ti&#7871;t:</p><ul><li><p>Ki&#7875;u k&#237;ch th&#237;ch &#273;&#7863;c tr&#432;ng c&#7911;a b&#250; m&#7865; ho&#7841;t h&#243;a m&#7841;nh:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Prolactin</strong>: hormone ch&#7883;u tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t s&#7919;a.</p></li><li><p><strong>Oxytocin</strong>: hormone g&#226;y ph&#7843;n x&#7841; phun s&#7919;a (let-down).</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Khi tr&#7867; b&#250; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; v&#224; th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n, c&#225;c ph&#7843;n x&#7841; n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c duy tr&#236; t&#7889;t, gi&#250;p ngu&#7891;n s&#7919;a m&#7865; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t v&#224; t&#7889;ng ra hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; (WHO, 2009).</p></li></ul><p>N&#243;i c&#225;ch kh&#225;c, b&#250; m&#7865; c&#7911;a tr&#7867; l&#224; m&#7897;t <strong>chu&#7895;i h&#224;nh vi sinh h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7889;i &#432;u h&#243;a cho ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng nu&#244;i d&#432;&#7905;ng v&#224; sinh t&#7891;n</strong>, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#417;n thu&#7847;n l&#224; &#8220;m&#250;t&#8221; n&#250;m v&#250;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YwhK!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba321a37-6d75-4a7b-a0e8-41b7237b0635_2752x1536.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YwhK!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba321a37-6d75-4a7b-a0e8-41b7237b0635_2752x1536.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YwhK!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba321a37-6d75-4a7b-a0e8-41b7237b0635_2752x1536.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YwhK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba321a37-6d75-4a7b-a0e8-41b7237b0635_2752x1536.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YwhK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba321a37-6d75-4a7b-a0e8-41b7237b0635_2752x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YwhK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba321a37-6d75-4a7b-a0e8-41b7237b0635_2752x1536.jpeg" width="1456" height="813" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ba321a37-6d75-4a7b-a0e8-41b7237b0635_2752x1536.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:813,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:798156,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/i/218171400?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba321a37-6d75-4a7b-a0e8-41b7237b0635_2752x1536.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YwhK!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba321a37-6d75-4a7b-a0e8-41b7237b0635_2752x1536.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YwhK!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba321a37-6d75-4a7b-a0e8-41b7237b0635_2752x1536.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YwhK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba321a37-6d75-4a7b-a0e8-41b7237b0635_2752x1536.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YwhK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba321a37-6d75-4a7b-a0e8-41b7237b0635_2752x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><h3>2. K&#237;ch th&#237;ch v&#250; trong sinh ho&#7841;t t&#236;nh d&#7909;c c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n</h3><p>Trong b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh sinh ho&#7841;t t&#236;nh d&#7909;c, vi&#7879;c mi&#7879;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n k&#237;ch th&#237;ch v&#250; mang <strong>m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch v&#224; c&#417; ch&#7871; ho&#224;n to&#224;n kh&#225;c</strong>.</p><p>V&#7873; m&#7863;t &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c:</p><ul><li><p>Ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n th&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#7881; ng&#7853;m <strong>ph&#7847;n n&#250;m v&#250; v&#224; m&#7897;t &#237;t qu&#7847;ng</strong>.</p></li><li><p>Mi&#7879;ng kh&#244;ng m&#7903; r&#7897;ng v&#224; kh&#244;ng &#8220;kh&#243;a&#8221; (seal) v&#224;o b&#7847;u v&#250; nh&#432; tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh.</p></li><li><p>L&#432;&#7905;i v&#224; m&#244;i ch&#7911; y&#7871;u th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n c&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c <strong>li&#7871;m, m&#250;t nh&#7865;, h&#244;n, ch&#7841;m</strong>, nh&#7857;m t&#7841;o c&#7843;m gi&#225;c.</p></li></ul><p>V&#7873; l&#7921;c v&#224; nh&#7883;p:</p><ul><li><p>L&#7921;c m&#250;t th&#432;&#7901;ng <strong>thay &#273;&#7893;i, kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7873;u</strong>, kh&#244;ng c&#243; chu k&#7923; m&#250;t - nu&#7889;t - th&#7903; &#273;&#7863;c tr&#432;ng.</p></li><li><p>Kh&#244;ng h&#236;nh th&#224;nh chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng l&#432;&#7905;i &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#7863;n &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o l&#7921;c h&#250;t l&#7845;y s&#7919;a.</p></li></ul><p>V&#7873; m&#7863;t n&#7897;i ti&#7871;t - th&#7847;n kinh:</p><ul><li><p>K&#237;ch th&#237;ch n&#250;m v&#250; &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n c&#243; th&#7875; li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c gi&#7843;i ph&#243;ng <strong>oxytocin</strong>, do &#273;&#226;y l&#224; v&#249;ng nh&#7841;y c&#7843;m v&#7873; th&#7847;n kinh. B&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng &#273;o hormone &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n trong t&#236;nh hu&#7889;ng n&#224;y c&#242;n h&#7841;n ch&#7871;.</p></li><li><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n, c&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7897; v&#224; ki&#7875;u k&#237;ch th&#237;ch th&#432;&#7901;ng <strong>kh&#244;ng &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh v&#224; kh&#244;ng t&#7889;i &#432;u</strong> cho ph&#7843;n x&#7841; ti&#7871;t hay phun s&#7919;a.</p></li><li><p>Vai tr&#242; ch&#237;nh c&#7911;a k&#237;ch th&#237;ch n&#224;y l&#224; <strong>t&#259;ng kho&#225;i c&#7843;m, th&#226;n m&#7853;t v&#224; g&#7855;n k&#7871;t t&#236;nh d&#7909;c</strong>, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng nu&#244;i d&#432;&#7905;ng.</p></li></ul><h3>3. So s&#225;nh t&#243;m l&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;c kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t ch&#237;nh</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0V6G!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F924c25c3-4436-454a-b6ed-518dc8fd4f94_1536x860.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0V6G!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F924c25c3-4436-454a-b6ed-518dc8fd4f94_1536x860.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0V6G!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F924c25c3-4436-454a-b6ed-518dc8fd4f94_1536x860.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0V6G!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F924c25c3-4436-454a-b6ed-518dc8fd4f94_1536x860.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0V6G!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F924c25c3-4436-454a-b6ed-518dc8fd4f94_1536x860.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0V6G!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F924c25c3-4436-454a-b6ed-518dc8fd4f94_1536x860.jpeg" width="1456" height="815" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/924c25c3-4436-454a-b6ed-518dc8fd4f94_1536x860.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:815,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:262432,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/i/218171400?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F924c25c3-4436-454a-b6ed-518dc8fd4f94_1536x860.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0V6G!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F924c25c3-4436-454a-b6ed-518dc8fd4f94_1536x860.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0V6G!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F924c25c3-4436-454a-b6ed-518dc8fd4f94_1536x860.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0V6G!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F924c25c3-4436-454a-b6ed-518dc8fd4f94_1536x860.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0V6G!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F924c25c3-4436-454a-b6ed-518dc8fd4f94_1536x860.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>4. K&#7871;t lu&#7853;n</h3><p>B&#250; m&#7865; c&#7911;a tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh l&#224; m&#7897;t <strong>k&#7929; thu&#7853;t sinh t&#7891;n r&#7845;t chuy&#234;n bi&#7879;t</strong>, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ti&#7871;n h&#243;a v&#224; &#8220;l&#7853;p tr&#236;nh&#8221; &#273;&#7875;:</p><ul><li><p>T&#7889;i &#273;a h&#243;a l&#432;&#7907;ng s&#7919;a l&#7845;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c,</p></li><li><p>B&#7843;o v&#7879; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng th&#7903;,</p></li><li><p>Duy tr&#236; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng n&#7897;i ti&#7871;t nu&#244;i d&#432;&#7905;ng.</p></li></ul><p>Ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i, m&#250;t ho&#7863;c k&#237;ch th&#237;ch v&#250; trong sinh ho&#7841;t t&#236;nh d&#7909;c c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n l&#224; <strong>h&#224;nh vi k&#237;ch th&#237;ch c&#7843;m gi&#225;c c&#243; &#253; th&#7913;c</strong>, ch&#7881; m&#244; ph&#7887;ng m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n b&#7873; ngo&#224;i c&#7911;a &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c b&#250; nh&#432;ng <strong>kh&#225;c v&#7873; l&#7921;c, nh&#7883;p, &#273;&#7897; s&#226;u ng&#7853;m v&#224; nhi&#7879;m v&#7909; sinh h&#7885;c</strong>.</p><p>C&#361;ng c&#7847;n n&#243;i th&#234;m: m&#7897;t s&#7889; m&#7865; c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7845;y h&#432;ng ph&#7845;n khi con b&#250;. &#272;&#243; l&#224; ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng sinh l&#253; c&#7911;a c&#417; th&#7875;, v&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a vi&#7879;c cho con b&#250; mang t&#237;nh t&#236;nh d&#7909;c.</p><p>Vi&#7879;c &#273;&#225;nh &#273;&#7891;ng hai hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng n&#224;y <strong>sai v&#7873; sinh l&#253; h&#7885;c v&#224; th&#7847;n kinh h&#7885;c</strong>, l&#7841;i d&#7877; g&#226;y hi&#7875;u nh&#7847;m v&#224; t&#7893;n th&#432;&#417;ng cho c&#225;c b&#224; m&#7865; &#273;ang cho con b&#250;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zOC7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F955d6ee2-bfc1-4101-b13f-791da21d7442_2752x1536.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zOC7!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F955d6ee2-bfc1-4101-b13f-791da21d7442_2752x1536.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zOC7!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F955d6ee2-bfc1-4101-b13f-791da21d7442_2752x1536.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zOC7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F955d6ee2-bfc1-4101-b13f-791da21d7442_2752x1536.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zOC7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F955d6ee2-bfc1-4101-b13f-791da21d7442_2752x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zOC7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F955d6ee2-bfc1-4101-b13f-791da21d7442_2752x1536.jpeg" width="1456" height="813" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/955d6ee2-bfc1-4101-b13f-791da21d7442_2752x1536.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:813,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1073356,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/i/218171400?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F955d6ee2-bfc1-4101-b13f-791da21d7442_2752x1536.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zOC7!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F955d6ee2-bfc1-4101-b13f-791da21d7442_2752x1536.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zOC7!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F955d6ee2-bfc1-4101-b13f-791da21d7442_2752x1536.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zOC7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F955d6ee2-bfc1-4101-b13f-791da21d7442_2752x1536.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zOC7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F955d6ee2-bfc1-4101-b13f-791da21d7442_2752x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p><strong>T&#224;i li&#7879;u tham kh&#7843;o</strong></p><p>Geddes, D. T., Kent, J. C., Mitoulas, L. R., &amp; Hartmann, P. E. (2008). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2007.12.008">Tongue movement and intra-oral vacuum in breastfeeding infants</a>. <em>Early Human Development, 84</em>(7), 471&#8211;477.</p><p>Ramsay, D. T., Kent, J. C., Hartmann, R. A., &amp; Hartmann, P. E. (2005). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00417.x">Anatomy of the lactating human breast redefined with ultrasound imaging</a>. <em>Journal of Anatomy, 206</em>(6), 525&#8211;534.</p><p>World Health Organization. (2009). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK148970/">Session 2: The physiological basis of breastfeeding</a>. Trong <em>Infant and young child feeding: Model chapter for textbooks for medical students and allied health professionals</em>. World Health Organization.</p><p>World Health Organization. (2026). <a href="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/infant-and-young-child-feeding">Infant and young child feeding</a> [T&#7901; th&#244;ng tin]. World Health Organization. Trang ghi ng&#224;y 04/08/2026; truy c&#7853;p ng&#224;y 30/09/2026.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe"><span>&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Viêm khu trú ở vú: Vì sao cho con bú thì thông, mà ông chồng mút thì không?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Vi&#234;m khu tr&#250; &#7903; v&#250; (tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#226;y g&#7885;i l&#224; t&#7855;c tia s&#7919;a) l&#224; m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; th&#432;&#7901;ng g&#7863;p &#7903; ph&#7909; n&#7919; sau sinh.]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/viem-khu-tru-o-vu-vi-sao-cho-con</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/viem-khu-tru-o-vu-vi-sao-cho-con</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 29 Sep 2026 12:49:16 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fqzR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d86b294-44c2-4e19-95d1-5cc7981efac3_2752x1536.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>Vi&#234;m khu tr&#250; &#7903; v&#250; (tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#226;y g&#7885;i l&#224; t&#7855;c tia s&#7919;a) l&#224; m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; th&#432;&#7901;ng g&#7863;p &#7903; ph&#7909; n&#7919; sau sinh. Nhi&#7873;u m&#7865; truy&#7873;n tai nhau kinh nghi&#7879;m &#8220;nh&#7901; ch&#7891;ng m&#250;t gi&#250;p cho th&#244;ng tia s&#7919;a&#8221;, coi &#273;&#243; l&#224; gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; nh&#432; con b&#250;. Tuy nhi&#234;n, hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t v&#7873; c&#417; ch&#7871; sinh l&#253; cho th&#7845;y tr&#7867; b&#250; v&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n m&#250;t kh&#225;c nhau r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u; v&#236; v&#7853;y, hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; trong vi&#7879;c h&#7895; tr&#7907; vi&#234;m khu tr&#250; &#7903; v&#250; v&#224; gi&#7919; cho s&#7919;a ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c l&#432;u th&#244;ng c&#361;ng r&#7845;t kh&#225;c (ABA, 2023).</em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fqzR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d86b294-44c2-4e19-95d1-5cc7981efac3_2752x1536.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fqzR!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d86b294-44c2-4e19-95d1-5cc7981efac3_2752x1536.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fqzR!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d86b294-44c2-4e19-95d1-5cc7981efac3_2752x1536.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fqzR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d86b294-44c2-4e19-95d1-5cc7981efac3_2752x1536.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fqzR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d86b294-44c2-4e19-95d1-5cc7981efac3_2752x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fqzR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d86b294-44c2-4e19-95d1-5cc7981efac3_2752x1536.jpeg" width="1456" height="813" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fqzR!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d86b294-44c2-4e19-95d1-5cc7981efac3_2752x1536.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fqzR!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d86b294-44c2-4e19-95d1-5cc7981efac3_2752x1536.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fqzR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d86b294-44c2-4e19-95d1-5cc7981efac3_2752x1536.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fqzR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d86b294-44c2-4e19-95d1-5cc7981efac3_2752x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>B&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch c&#417; ch&#7871; vi&#234;m khu tr&#250; &#7903; v&#250; v&#224; d&#242;ng s&#7919;a b&#7883; c&#7843;n tr&#7903;, v&#236; sao tr&#7867; b&#250; &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;ch c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#250;p gi&#7919; cho s&#7919;a ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c l&#432;u th&#244;ng, v&#224; v&#236; sao vi&#7879;c ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n m&#250;t kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; ph&#432;&#417;ng &#225;n an to&#224;n hay hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;.</p><h1>1&#65039;. C&#417; ch&#7871; vi&#234;m khu tr&#250; &#7903; v&#250; v&#224; d&#242;ng s&#7919;a b&#7883; c&#7843;n tr&#7903;</h1><p>C&#7909;m t&#7915; m&#224; ch&#250;ng ta th&#432;&#7901;ng g&#7885;i l&#224; &#8220;t&#7855;c tia s&#7919;a&#8221; th&#7921;c ch&#7845;t l&#224; vi&#234;m khu tr&#250; &#7903; m&#244; v&#250; v&#224; d&#242;ng s&#7919;a &#7903; v&#249;ng &#273;&#243; b&#7883; c&#7843;n tr&#7903;, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i m&#7897;t &#8220;c&#7909;c t&#7855;c n&#7857;m trong &#7889;ng d&#7851;n c&#7847;n &#273;&#7849;y ra&#8221;. Khi s&#7919;a kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#7845;y h&#7871;t kh&#7887;i m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n v&#250;:</p><p>- S&#7919;a &#7913; &#273;&#7885;ng trong m&#7897;t ho&#7863;c v&#224;i &#7889;ng d&#7851;n s&#7919;a.</p><p>- &#193;p l&#7921;c trong &#7889;ng d&#7851;n s&#7919;a t&#259;ng, k&#237;ch th&#237;ch ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng vi&#234;m c&#7909;c b&#7897; &#7903; m&#244; v&#250;.</p><p>- C&#243; th&#7875; th&#7845;y c&#225;c v&#249;ng c&#7913;ng, &#273;au, c&#7897;m; nh&#7919;ng v&#249;ng n&#224;y l&#224; bi&#7875;u hi&#7879;n c&#7911;a vi&#234;m h&#417;n l&#224; &#8220;kh&#7889;i t&#7855;c c&#7847;n m&#225;t-xa ra&#8221;.</p><p>C&#225;c y&#7871;u t&#7889; nguy c&#417; th&#432;&#7901;ng g&#7863;p:</p><p>- Con b&#250; &#237;t, b&#250; kh&#244;ng hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;, gi&#227;n c&#7919; b&#250; qu&#225; l&#226;u.</p><p>- Ng&#7853;m v&#250; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#250;ng, l&#7845;y s&#7919;a kh&#244;ng hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;.</p><p>- &#193;o ng&#7921;c ch&#7853;t, &#273;&#232; &#233;p l&#234;n m&#7897;t v&#249;ng v&#250;.</p><p>- M&#7865; &#273;&#7897;t ng&#7897;t gi&#7843;m ho&#7863;c b&#7887; c&#225;c c&#7919; h&#250;t/b&#250;.</p><p>- H&#250;t s&#7919;a ho&#7863;c cho b&#250; &#8220;th&#234;m&#8221; qu&#225; m&#7913;c l&#224;m v&#250; ti&#7871;t nhi&#7873;u s&#7919;a h&#417;n nhu c&#7847;u c&#7911;a b&#233;, khi&#7871;n v&#250; d&#7877; c&#259;ng v&#224; vi&#234;m h&#417;n (ABM, 2022).</p><p>N&#7871;u kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#7917; l&#253;, vi&#234;m khu tr&#250; &#7903; v&#250; c&#243; th&#7875; ti&#7871;n tri&#7875;n th&#224;nh vi&#234;m v&#250;, v&#7899;i c&#225;c tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng &#273;au, &#273;&#7887;, s&#432;ng, s&#7889;t.</p><h1>2&#65039;. V&#236; sao tr&#7867; b&#250; c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#250;p c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n vi&#234;m khu tr&#250; &#7903; v&#250; v&#224; d&#242;ng s&#7919;a?</h1><p>Tr&#7867; ng&#7853;m v&#224; b&#250; &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;ch l&#224; &#8220;c&#244;ng c&#7909;&#8221; l&#7845;y s&#7919;a ho&#224;n h&#7843;o m&#224; c&#417; th&#7875; &#273;&#227; &#8220;l&#7853;p tr&#236;nh s&#7861;n&#8221;. Khi tr&#7867; ng&#7853;m t&#7889;t:</p><p>- Tr&#7867; &#273;&#432;a s&#226;u m&#244; v&#250; v&#224;o mi&#7879;ng, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; ng&#7853;m n&#250;m v&#250;.</p><p>- Khi l&#432;&#7905;i tr&#7867; h&#7841; xu&#7889;ng, khoang mi&#7879;ng t&#7841;o ra l&#7921;c h&#250;t (&#225;p l&#7921;c &#226;m) m&#7841;nh h&#417;n, v&#224; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; l&#250;c s&#7919;a ch&#7843;y v&#224;o mi&#7879;ng b&#233; nhi&#7873;u nh&#7845;t (Geddes v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, 2008).</p><p>- H&#224;m v&#224; m&#244;i &#244;m k&#237;n b&#7847;u v&#250;, gi&#7919; &#8220;d&#7843;i v&#250;&#8221; trong mi&#7879;ng v&#224; h&#7895; tr&#7907; d&#242;ng s&#7919;a ch&#7843;y ra.</p><p>- Tr&#7867; duy tr&#236; nh&#7883;p b&#250; &#273;&#7873;u, h&#224;ng ch&#7909;c l&#7847;n b&#250; li&#234;n ti&#7871;p trong m&#7897;t c&#7919; (Woolridge, 1986; Geddes &amp; Sakalidis, 2015).</p><p>M&#7895;i c&#7919; b&#250; nh&#432; m&#7897;t l&#7847;n gi&#250;p s&#7919;a ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c l&#432;u th&#244;ng qua v&#249;ng &#273;ang vi&#234;m:</p><p>- S&#7919;a &#273;ang &#7913; trong c&#225;c &#7889;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#233; b&#250; d&#7847;n ra ngo&#224;i, gi&#250;p gi&#7843;i ph&#243;ng d&#7847;n &#225;p l&#7921;c.</p><p>- K&#7871;t h&#7907;p v&#7899;i ph&#7843;n x&#7841; phun s&#7919;a do oxytocin gi&#250;p s&#7919;a t&#7915; c&#225;c nang tuy&#7871;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7849;y ra, h&#7895; tr&#7907; s&#7919;a ch&#7843;y qua nh&#7919;ng &#7889;ng d&#7851;n &#273;ang b&#7883; h&#7865;p t&#7841;m th&#7901;i (WHO, 2009).</p><p>&#272;&#243; l&#224; l&#253; do trong h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n x&#7917; tr&#237; vi&#234;m khu tr&#250; &#7903; v&#250;, th&#432;&#7901;ng khuy&#7871;n ngh&#7883;:</p><p>- Ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c cho b&#233; b&#250; theo nhu c&#7847;u &#7903; c&#7843; hai b&#234;n, kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n cho b&#250; th&#234;m hay c&#7889; h&#250;t c&#7841;n b&#234;n v&#250; &#273;ang vi&#234;m (ABA, 2023; ABM, 2022).</p><h1>3&#65039;. V&#236; sao ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n m&#250;t kh&#244;ng c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c vi&#234;m khu tr&#250; &#7903; v&#250;?</h1><p>Hi&#7879;n ch&#432;a c&#243; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;o &#273;o tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p c&#225;ch ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n m&#250;t v&#250;, n&#234;n ph&#7847;n d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; suy lu&#7853;n t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng g&#236; m&#236;nh bi&#7871;t v&#7873; c&#225;ch tr&#7867; b&#250;.</p><p>D&#249; v&#7873; m&#7863;t &#8220;l&#253; thuy&#7871;t&#8221; c&#249;ng l&#224; m&#250;t v&#250;, nh&#432;ng c&#225;ch ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n m&#250;t trong th&#7921;c t&#7871; r&#7845;t kh&#225;c tr&#7867; b&#250;:</p><h2>3.1. Ng&#7853;m n&#244;ng, kh&#244;ng t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng l&#234;n m&#244; v&#250; s&#226;u</h2><p>Ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n th&#432;&#7901;ng:</p><p>- Ch&#7881; ng&#7853;m ph&#7847;n n&#250;m v&#250; v&#224; m&#7897;t &#237;t qu&#7847;ng v&#250;.</p><p>- Kh&#244;ng k&#233;o s&#226;u m&#244; tuy&#7871;n v&#224; c&#225;c &#7889;ng d&#7851;n v&#224;o mi&#7879;ng.</p><p>- Khi ch&#7881; ng&#7853;m n&#244;ng &#7903; &#273;&#7847;u n&#250;m v&#250;, mi&#7879;ng kh&#243; gi&#7919; k&#237;n &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o l&#7921;c h&#250;t &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh nh&#432; l&#250;c b&#233; ng&#7853;m s&#226;u, n&#234;n s&#7919;a &#7903; v&#249;ng &#273;ang vi&#234;m kh&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#7845;y ra &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#7863;n.</p><h2>3.2. L&#7921;c h&#250;t kh&#244;ng &#273;&#250;ng &#8220;ki&#7875;u&#8221; v&#224; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7911; b&#7873;n</h2><p>Tr&#7867; b&#250;:</p><p>- K&#7871;t h&#7907;p chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng nh&#7883;p nh&#224;ng c&#7911;a l&#432;&#7905;i v&#7899;i l&#7921;c h&#250;t c&#7911;a mi&#7879;ng.</p><p>- Gi&#7919; nh&#7883;p b&#250; &#273;&#7873;u, l&#7863;p l&#7841;i, trong nhi&#7873;u ph&#250;t.</p><p>Ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n m&#250;t:</p><p>- Th&#432;&#7901;ng h&#250;t kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7873;u, khi nh&#7865; khi m&#7841;nh, thi&#234;n v&#7873; c&#7843;m gi&#225;c h&#417;n l&#224; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t.</p><p>- &#205;t khi duy tr&#236; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7883;p h&#250;t &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh, l&#226;u nh&#432; tr&#7867;.</p><p>- Do &#273;&#243;, d&#249; c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7841;o ra &#225;p l&#7921;c &#226;m r&#7845;t m&#7841;nh trong m&#7897;t v&#224;i l&#7847;n m&#250;t, nh&#432;ng:</p><p>Nh&#7883;p m&#250;t kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7873;u v&#224; &#273;&#7911; l&#226;u &#273;&#7875; k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t ph&#7843;n x&#7841; phun s&#7919;a v&#224; gi&#7919; cho s&#7919;a ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c l&#432;u th&#244;ng qua v&#249;ng &#273;ang vi&#234;m.</p><h2>3.3. Nguy c&#417; l&#224;m vi&#234;m n&#7863;ng h&#417;n</h2><p>Mi&#7879;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n ch&#7913;a nhi&#7873;u vi khu&#7849;n. N&#7871;u:</p><p>- N&#250;m v&#250; &#273;ang n&#7913;t, tr&#7847;y x&#432;&#7899;c, ho&#7863;c</p><p>- V&#249;ng m&#244; v&#250; &#273;ang vi&#234;m, th&#236; vi&#7879;c ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n m&#250;t k&#233;o d&#224;i v&#7873; l&#253; thuy&#7871;t c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;a th&#234;m vi khu&#7849;n v&#224;o &#7889;ng d&#7851;n, khi&#7871;n vi&#234;m n&#7863;ng h&#417;n, t&#259;ng nguy c&#417; vi&#234;m v&#250;. Ch&#432;a c&#243; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;o v&#7873; chuy&#7879;n n&#224;y. Nh&#432;ng h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n c&#7911;a Safer Care Victoria c&#243; nh&#7855;c: c&#7889; &#8220;th&#244;ng t&#7855;c&#8221; c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m t&#7893;n th&#432;&#417;ng m&#244; v&#250; v&#224; l&#224;m t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng vi&#234;m t&#7879; h&#417;n, n&#234;n m&#7865; c&#7847;n n&#226;ng niu b&#7847;u v&#250; v&#224; kh&#244;ng l&#7845;y nhi&#7873;u s&#7919;a h&#417;n nhu c&#7847;u c&#7911;a b&#233;. V&#236; v&#7853;y, &#8220;nh&#7901; ch&#7891;ng h&#250;t&#8221; kh&#243; m&#224; &#8220;ch&#7919;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7855;c tia&#8221; nh&#432; l&#7901;i &#273;&#7891;n (ABA, 2023; ABM, 2022; Safer Care Victoria, n.d.).</p><h1>4&#65039;. H&#432;&#7899;ng x&#7917; l&#253; vi&#234;m khu tr&#250; &#7903; v&#250; d&#7921;a tr&#234;n b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng</h1><p>C&#225;c khuy&#7871;n ngh&#7883; hi&#7879;n nay th&#432;&#7901;ng bao g&#7891;m:</p><p>- Cho b&#233; b&#250; theo nhu c&#7847;u nh&#432; b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng &#7903; c&#7843; hai b&#234;n, &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o ng&#7853;m &#273;&#250;ng.</p><p>- Thay &#273;&#7893;i t&#432; th&#7871; b&#250;, n&#7871;u c&#7847;n &#273;&#7875; h&#7895; tr&#7907; kh&#7899;p ng&#7853;m t&#7889;t h&#417;n.</p><p>- Xoa b&#243;p nh&#7865; nh&#224;ng (ch&#7881; l&#224; l&#432;&#7899;t nh&#7865; ho&#7863;c ch&#7841;m nh&#7865;) &#273;&#7875; h&#7895; tr&#7907; ph&#7843;n x&#7841; phun s&#7919;a v&#224; gi&#7843;m ph&#249; n&#7873;, kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n v&#224; kh&#244;ng khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch m&#225;t-xa m&#7841;nh &#273;&#7875; &#8220;n&#7855;n cho tan c&#7909;c t&#7855;c&#8221;.</p><p>- Ch&#432;&#7901;m m&#225;t sau khi b&#233; b&#250; ho&#7863;c khi v&#7855;t &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;m vi&#234;m.</p><p>- Tr&#225;nh nhi&#7879;t n&#243;ng k&#233;o d&#224;i v&#224; tr&#225;nh m&#225;t-xa s&#226;u v&#236; c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m t&#259;ng vi&#234;m.</p><p>- V&#7855;t tay ho&#7863;c h&#250;t s&#7919;a b&#7893; sung n&#7871;u b&#233; kh&#244;ng b&#250; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;, nh&#432;ng ch&#7881; &#273;&#7871;n m&#7913;c m&#7865; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y d&#7877; ch&#7883;u, kh&#244;ng c&#7889; &#8220;l&#224;m r&#7895;ng v&#250;&#8221;.</p><p>- G&#7863;p b&#225;c s&#297; &#273;&#7875; th&#259;m kh&#225;m n&#7871;u c&#243; d&#7845;u hi&#7879;u s&#7889;t, &#273;au nhi&#7873;u, &#273;&#7887; lan r&#7897;ng ho&#7863;c kh&#244;ng c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n sau 12&#8211;24 gi&#7901; (ABA, 2023; Safer Care Victoria, n.d.).</p><p>Kh&#244;ng c&#243; khuy&#7871;n c&#225;o n&#224;o t&#7915; c&#225;c t&#7893; ch&#7913;c y t&#7871; uy t&#237;n &#7911;ng h&#7897; vi&#7879;c d&#249;ng mi&#7879;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n &#273;&#7875; &#8220;h&#250;t th&#244;ng tia s&#7919;a&#8221; ho&#7863;c &#8220;n&#7855;n c&#7909;c t&#7855;c&#8221;.</p><p>K&#7870;T LU&#7852;N</p><p>Tr&#7867; b&#250; &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;ch l&#224; m&#7897;t &#8220;c&#417; ch&#7871; l&#7845;y s&#7919;a&#8221; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7889;i &#432;u, c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng h&#7895; tr&#7907; vi&#234;m khu tr&#250; &#7903; v&#250; nh&#7901; ng&#7853;m s&#226;u, nh&#7883;p b&#250; &#273;&#7873;u v&#224; ph&#7889;i h&#7907;p ch&#7863;t ch&#7869; v&#7899;i ph&#7843;n x&#7841; phun s&#7919;a, gi&#250;p gi&#7919; cho s&#7919;a ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c l&#432;u th&#244;ng.</p><p>Ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n m&#250;t v&#250; th&#432;&#7901;ng ng&#7853;m n&#244;ng, h&#250;t kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7873;u v&#224; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7911; b&#7873;n, n&#234;n &#237;t c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n d&#242;ng s&#7919;a, th&#7853;m ch&#237; c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m t&#259;ng nguy c&#417; nhi&#7877;m khu&#7849;n.</p><p>&#272;i&#7873;u quan tr&#7885;ng trong t&#432; v&#7845;n l&#224; gi&#250;p cha m&#7865; hi&#7875;u r&#245; s&#7921; kh&#225;c nhau n&#224;y, tr&#225;nh nh&#7919;ng th&#7921;c h&#224;nh kh&#244;ng an to&#224;n, v&#224; t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o c&#225;c bi&#7879;n ph&#225;p &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7913;ng minh hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; nh&#432; t&#7889;i &#432;u cho b&#233; b&#250;, v&#7855;t s&#7919;a nh&#7865; nh&#224;ng, ch&#432;&#7901;m m&#225;t, ngh&#7881; ng&#417;i v&#224; can thi&#7879;p y khoa khi c&#7847;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VZqN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbe0b4d1-1a75-4ea3-bb42-8a9b9cfd1af7_2752x1536.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VZqN!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbe0b4d1-1a75-4ea3-bb42-8a9b9cfd1af7_2752x1536.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VZqN!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbe0b4d1-1a75-4ea3-bb42-8a9b9cfd1af7_2752x1536.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VZqN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbe0b4d1-1a75-4ea3-bb42-8a9b9cfd1af7_2752x1536.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VZqN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbe0b4d1-1a75-4ea3-bb42-8a9b9cfd1af7_2752x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VZqN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbe0b4d1-1a75-4ea3-bb42-8a9b9cfd1af7_2752x1536.jpeg" width="1456" height="813" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VZqN!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbe0b4d1-1a75-4ea3-bb42-8a9b9cfd1af7_2752x1536.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VZqN!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbe0b4d1-1a75-4ea3-bb42-8a9b9cfd1af7_2752x1536.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VZqN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbe0b4d1-1a75-4ea3-bb42-8a9b9cfd1af7_2752x1536.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VZqN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbbe0b4d1-1a75-4ea3-bb42-8a9b9cfd1af7_2752x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>M&#7897;t &#253; m&#236;nh c&#7847;n &#8216;n&#259;n n&#7881;&#8217; v&#224; nh&#7845;n m&#7841;nh l&#224; l&#224;m &#417;n &#273;&#7915;ng c&#243; nh&#7891;i &#233;p n&#7863;n &#273;&#7875; mong l&#7845;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#8216;c&#7909;c t&#7855;c&#8217; ra ngo&#224;i (vi&#7871;t t&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; th&#7845;y th&#7889;n th&#7889;n r&#7891;i &#225;). N&#7871;u kh&#244;ng n&#226;ng niu b&#7847;u v&#250; m&#7865; th&#236; l&#224;m &#417;n h&#227;y &#273;&#7889;i x&#7917; v&#7899;i b&#7847;u v&#250; &#273;ang b&#7883; t&#7893;n th&#432;&#417;ng gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; khi b&#7841;n &#273;ang&#8230;bong g&#226;n ch&#226;n nghen. Khi ch&#226;n b&#7841;n b&#7883; bong g&#226;n, b&#7841;n r&#225;ng m&#225;t xa cho &#273;&#7905; s&#432;ng hay b&#7841;n n&#7857;m ngh&#7881; ng&#417;i, b&#7841;n nh&#7865; nh&#224;ng v&#7899;i n&#243; v&#7853;y?</p><p>T&#192;I LI&#7878;U THAM KH&#7842;O</p><p>1. Australian Breastfeeding Association. (2023). <a href="https://abaprofessional.asn.au/download/new-pdf-guide-for-mastitis-changes/">A health professional&#8217;s guide to ABA&#8217;s updated information on engorgement, localised breast inflammation and mastitis.</a></p><p>2. Australian Breastfeeding Association. (n.d.). <a href="https://www.breastfeeding.asn.au/resources/breast-inflammation">Localised breast inflammation (&#8220;blocked ducts&#8221;).</a></p><p>3. World Health Organization. (2009). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK148970/">Session 2: The physiological basis of breastfeeding.</a> Trong Infant and young child feeding: Model chapter for textbooks for medical students and allied health professionals. World Health Organization. NCBI Bookshelf.</p><p>4. Geddes, D. T., &amp; Sakalidis, V. S. (2015). <a href="https://www.infantjournal.co.uk/pdf/inf_065_swa.pdf">Breastfeeding: how do they do it? Infant sucking, swallowing and breathing.</a> Infant, 11(5), 146&#8211;150.</p><p>5. Woolridge, M. W. (1986). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-6138(86)80041-9">The &#8216;anatomy&#8217; of infant sucking.</a> Midwifery, 2(4), 164&#8211;171.</p><p>6. Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine. (2022). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2022.29207.kbm">Clinical Protocol #36: The Mastitis Spectrum, Revised 2022.</a> Breastfeeding Medicine, 17(5), 360&#8211;376.</p><p>7. Safer Care Victoria. (n.d.). <a href="https://www.safercare.vic.gov.au/best-practice-improvement/clinical-guidance/mch/localised-breast-inflammation-and-mastitis">Localised breast inflammation and mastitis.</a></p><p>8. Geddes, D. T., Kent, J. C., Mitoulas, L. R., &amp; Hartmann, P. E. (2008). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2007.12.008">Tongue movement and intra-oral vacuum in breastfeeding infants.</a> Early Human Development, 84(7), 471&#8211;477.</p><p>9. Australian Breastfeeding Association. (2023). <a href="https://abaprofessional.asn.au/wp-content/uploads/PUB-BIRFactSheet-InflammationMastitis-V1-1-20230221.pdf">Breastfeeding management for health professionals fact sheet: Localised breast inflammation and mastitis (Version 1.1).</a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe"><span>&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Tuyến giáp sau sinh & hành trình nuôi con sữa mẹ]]></title><description><![CDATA[B&#224;i vi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p b&#7903;i m&#7897;t Chuy&#234;n gia T&#432; v&#7845;n S&#7919;a m&#7865; Qu&#7889;c t&#7871; (IBCLC), kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7845;p ph&#233;p k&#234; toa thu&#7889;c, n&#234;n kh&#244;ng thay th&#7871; cho ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n v&#224; ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; c&#7911;a b&#225;c s&#297;.]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/tuyen-giap-sau-sinh-and-hanh-trinh</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/tuyen-giap-sau-sinh-and-hanh-trinh</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 27 Sep 2026 13:24:19 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IAOl!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F313c4551-1c96-4243-bb73-bbbc995c21c8_2752x1536.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>B&#224;i vi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p b&#7903;i m&#7897;t Chuy&#234;n gia T&#432; v&#7845;n S&#7919;a m&#7865; Qu&#7889;c t&#7871; (IBCLC), kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7845;p ph&#233;p k&#234; toa thu&#7889;c, n&#234;n kh&#244;ng thay th&#7871; cho ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n v&#224; ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; c&#7911;a b&#225;c s&#297;. C&#225;c th&#244;ng tin v&#7873; thu&#7889;c, x&#233;t nghi&#7879;m v&#224; x&#7841; h&#236;nh d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y mang t&#237;nh tham kh&#7843;o; m&#7865; c&#7847;n trao &#273;&#7893;i tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p v&#7899;i b&#225;c s&#297; chuy&#234;n khoa n&#7897;i ti&#7871;t ho&#7863;c b&#225;c s&#297; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh.</em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IAOl!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F313c4551-1c96-4243-bb73-bbbc995c21c8_2752x1536.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IAOl!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F313c4551-1c96-4243-bb73-bbbc995c21c8_2752x1536.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IAOl!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F313c4551-1c96-4243-bb73-bbbc995c21c8_2752x1536.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IAOl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F313c4551-1c96-4243-bb73-bbbc995c21c8_2752x1536.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IAOl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F313c4551-1c96-4243-bb73-bbbc995c21c8_2752x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IAOl!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F313c4551-1c96-4243-bb73-bbbc995c21c8_2752x1536.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IAOl!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F313c4551-1c96-4243-bb73-bbbc995c21c8_2752x1536.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IAOl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F313c4551-1c96-4243-bb73-bbbc995c21c8_2752x1536.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IAOl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F313c4551-1c96-4243-bb73-bbbc995c21c8_2752x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>Trong th&#7921;c h&#224;nh h&#7895; tr&#7907; nu&#244;i con s&#7919;a m&#7865;, c&#243; m&#7897;t &#8220;nh&#226;n v&#7853;t th&#7847;m l&#7863;ng&#8221; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng r&#7845;t l&#7899;n &#273;&#7871;n ngu&#7891;n s&#7919;a, c&#7843;m x&#250;c v&#224; s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865;. &#272;&#243; l&#224; <strong>tuy&#7871;n gi&#225;p</strong>. R&#7889;i lo&#7841;n ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng tuy&#7871;n gi&#225;p sau sinh <strong>kh&#244;ng hi&#7871;m</strong>, nh&#432;ng l&#7841;i <strong>r&#7845;t d&#7877; b&#7883; b&#7887; s&#243;t</strong>, v&#236; c&#225;c tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7883; nh&#7847;m l&#7851;n v&#7899;i m&#7879;t m&#7887;i, stress hay tr&#7847;m c&#7843;m h&#7853;u s&#7843;n.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng C&#193;C M&#7864; &#272;&#7914;NG QU&#193; LO L&#7854;NG: <strong>ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n c&#225;c b&#7879;nh l&#253; tuy&#7871;n gi&#225;p &#273;&#7873;u c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883;, v&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; v&#7851;n c&#243; th&#7875; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c cho con b&#250; an to&#224;n.</strong></p><h3><strong>1. V&#236; sao tuy&#7871;n gi&#225;p li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c t&#7841;o s&#7919;a?</strong></h3><p>Hormone k&#237;ch th&#237;ch tuy&#7871;n gi&#225;p (<strong>TSH</strong>) &#8220;&#273;i&#7873;u ph&#7889;i&#8221; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a tuy&#7871;n gi&#225;p, &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i c&#243; vai tr&#242; <strong>h&#7895; tr&#7907;</strong> n&#7873;n (permissive: t&#7841;o &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n thu&#7853;n l&#7907;i, kh&#244;ng tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p &#273;i&#7873;u khi&#7875;n) cho<strong> s&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#7911;a m&#244; tuy&#7871;n v&#250; v&#224; qu&#225; tr&#236;nh t&#7841;o s&#7919;a</strong> (Wambach &amp; Spencer, 2021, tr. 136). M&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u nh&#7887; tr&#234;n 12 b&#224; m&#7865; ghi nh&#7853;n TSH trong m&#225;u m&#7865; <strong>t&#259;ng r&#245; trong l&#250;c b&#233; b&#250;, v&#224;o ng&#224;y th&#7913; 3&#8211;5 sau sinh</strong>, tr&#249;ng v&#7899;i giai &#273;o&#7841;n s&#7919;a v&#7873; m&#7841;nh (Dawood v&#224; cs., 1981).</p><p>V&#236; v&#7853;y, khi tuy&#7871;n gi&#225;p b&#7883; &#8220;tr&#7909;c tr&#7863;c&#8221;, ngu&#7891;n s&#7919;a c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7883; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng.</p><h3><strong>2. Suy gi&#225;p (Hypothyroidism): khi tuy&#7871;n gi&#225;p ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng ch&#7853;m</strong></h3><p><strong>&#272;i&#7873;u g&#236; x&#7843;y ra?</strong></p><ul><li><p>Hormone T3, T4 th&#7845;p</p></li><li><p>TSH cao</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#7842;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n nu&#244;i con s&#7919;a m&#7865;</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Gi&#7843;m ngu&#7891;n s&#7919;a</strong>, th&#7853;m ch&#237; c&#243; tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p <strong>gi&#7843;m s&#7919;a nhanh</strong> n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883;</p></li><li><p>Tr&#7867; <strong>t&#259;ng c&#226;n k&#233;m d&#249; b&#250; m&#7865; ho&#224;n to&#224;n</strong> c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; m&#7897;t d&#7845;u hi&#7879;u c&#7843;nh b&#225;o</p></li></ul><p><strong>Tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng &#7903; m&#7865; (r&#7845;t d&#7877; b&#7883; b&#7887; qua)</strong></p><ul><li><p>L&#7841;nh nhi&#7873;u, da kh&#244;, t&#243;c r&#7909;ng</p></li><li><p>M&#7879;t m&#7887;i ki&#7879;t s&#7913;c, ch&#225;n &#259;n</p></li><li><p>T&#226;m tr&#7841;ng bu&#7891;n b&#227;, d&#7877; b&#7883; ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n nh&#7847;m l&#224; tr&#7847;m c&#7843;m sau sinh</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#272;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; &amp; cho con b&#250;</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Levothyroxine (t&#234;n bi&#7879;t d&#432;&#7907;c kh&#225;c nhau t&#249;y n&#432;&#7899;c)</strong> an to&#224;n khi cho con b&#250;</p></li><li><p>&#272;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; &#273;&#250;ng gi&#250;p <strong>c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n r&#245; r&#7879;t ngu&#7891;n s&#7919;a v&#224; s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e c&#7911;a m&#7865;</strong></p></li><li><p>Sau sinh, li&#7873;u thu&#7889;c th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7847;n <strong>&#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh l&#7841;i v&#7873; m&#7913;c tr&#432;&#7899;c thai k&#7923;</strong>, v&#224; n&#234;n x&#233;t nghi&#7879;m l&#7841;i TSH kho&#7843;ng 6 tu&#7847;n sau sinh</p></li></ul><p><strong>C&#7849;n tr&#7885;ng v&#7899;i i-&#7889;t d&#249;ng ngo&#224;i da</strong><br>&#272;&#227; ghi nh&#7853;n tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p tr&#7867; sinh non b&#7883; suy gi&#225;p do m&#7865; <strong>&#273;&#7855;p g&#7841;c t&#7849;m i-&#7889;t l&#234;n v&#7871;t m&#7893; l&#7845;y thai</strong>, khi&#7871;n i-&#7889;t v&#224;o s&#7919;a m&#7865; qu&#225; cao (Smith v&#224; cs., 2006). V&#236; v&#7853;y, c&#7847;n <strong>c&#7849;n tr&#7885;ng v&#7899;i c&#225;c ch&#7871; ph&#7849;m i-&#7889;t d&#249;ng ngo&#224;i da trong giai &#273;o&#7841;n cho con b&#250;</strong>.</p><h3><strong>3. C&#432;&#7901;ng gi&#225;p (Hyperthyroidism): khi hormone tuy&#7871;n gi&#225;p qu&#225; nhi&#7873;u</strong></h3><p><strong>Bi&#7875;u hi&#7879;n th&#432;&#7901;ng g&#7863;p</strong></p><ul><li><p>S&#7909;t c&#226;n d&#249; &#259;n nhi&#7873;u</p></li><li><p>Tim &#273;&#7853;p nhanh, lo l&#7855;ng, &#273;&#7893; m&#7891; h&#244;i</p></li><li><p>Kh&#244;ng ch&#7883;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c n&#243;ng, y&#7871;u c&#417;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#7842;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n s&#7919;a m&#7865;</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Ch&#432;a c&#243; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng r&#245; r&#224;ng cho th&#7845;y c&#432;&#7901;ng gi&#225;p l&#224;m gi&#7843;m ti&#7871;t s&#7919;a</strong></p></li><li><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n, <strong>lo &#226;u v&#224; b&#7891;n ch&#7891;n</strong> c&#243; th&#7875; khi&#7871;n m&#7865; kh&#243; th&#237;ch nghi v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c ch&#259;m s&#243;c b&#233;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#272;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; &amp; an to&#224;n khi cho b&#250;</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Methimazole</strong> (li&#7873;u &#273;&#7871;n 20 mg/ng&#224;y) l&#224; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n &#432;u ti&#234;n, <strong>PTU</strong> l&#224; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n thay th&#7871;. C&#7843; hai &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c xem l&#224; <strong>an to&#224;n trong th&#7901;i k&#7923; cho con b&#250;</strong></p></li><li><p>C&#243; th&#7875; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c cho b&#250; song song v&#7899;i &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883;, d&#432;&#7899;i theo d&#245;i y t&#7871;</p></li></ul><p><strong>Ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n h&#236;nh &#7843;nh tuy&#7871;n gi&#225;p</strong></p><ul><li><p>N&#7871;u c&#7847;n x&#7841; h&#236;nh, &#432;u ti&#234;n <strong>Technetium-99m ho&#7863;c I-123</strong> (th&#7901;i gian b&#225;n th&#7843;i ng&#7855;n)</p></li><li><p>C&#243; th&#7875; <strong>ch&#7881; c&#7847;n t&#7841;m ng&#432;ng cho b&#250; m&#7897;t th&#7901;i gian ng&#7855;n r&#7891;i b&#250; l&#7841;i</strong> (Technetium-99m: kho&#7843;ng 12&#8211;24 gi&#7901;; I-123: t&#249;y ngu&#7891;n, t&#7915; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ng&#432;ng &#273;&#7871;n 3 tu&#7847;n, n&#234;n h&#7887;i tr&#432;&#7899;c b&#225;c s&#297; y h&#7885;c h&#7841;t nh&#226;n)</p></li><li><p><strong>I-131</strong> th&#432;&#7901;ng y&#234;u c&#7847;u <strong>cai s&#7919;a ho&#224;n to&#224;n</strong> cho b&#233; hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i; n&#7871;u &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; b&#7857;ng I-131, n&#234;n ng&#432;ng cho b&#250; &#237;t nh&#7845;t 4 tu&#7847;n tr&#432;&#7899;c khi u&#7889;ng thu&#7889;c</p></li></ul><h3><strong>4. Vi&#234;m tuy&#7871;n gi&#225;p sau sinh (Postpartum Thyroiditis &#8211; PPT)</strong></h3><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; <strong>t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng r&#7889;i lo&#7841;n tuy&#7871;n gi&#225;p ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n nh&#7845;t sau sinh</strong>, &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng kho&#7843;ng <strong>5&#8211;7% ph&#7909; n&#7919; trong n&#259;m &#273;&#7847;u</strong>.</p><p><strong>Di&#7877;n bi&#7871;n c&#243; th&#7875; g&#7863;p</strong> (t&#7927; l&#7879; dao &#273;&#7897;ng gi&#7919;a c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u)</p><ul><li><p>Ch&#7881; c&#432;&#7901;ng gi&#225;p: ~32%</p></li><li><p>Ch&#7881; suy gi&#225;p: ~43%</p></li><li><p>C&#432;&#7901;ng gi&#225;p tr&#7903; th&#224;nh suy gi&#225;p: ~25%</p></li></ul><p><strong>V&#236; sao PPT d&#7877; b&#7883; b&#7887; s&#243;t?</strong></p><ul><li><p>Tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng nh&#432; <strong>m&#7879;t m&#7887;i, lo &#226;u, tr&#7847;m c&#7843;m</strong> r&#7845;t d&#7877; b&#7883; quy cho &#8220;h&#7853;u s&#7843;n l&#224; v&#7853;y&#8221;</p></li><li><p>Nhi&#7873;u m&#7865; ch&#7881; ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n khi ngu&#7891;n s&#7919;a gi&#7843;m ho&#7863;c c&#7843;m th&#7845;y &#8220;kh&#244;ng c&#242;n l&#224; m&#236;nh n&#7919;a&#8221;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#272;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; theo t&#7915;ng giai &#273;o&#7841;n</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Giai &#273;o&#7841;n suy gi&#225;p:</strong> d&#249;ng <strong>levothyroxine</strong>, an to&#224;n cho con b&#250;</p></li><li><p><strong>Giai &#273;o&#7841;n c&#432;&#7901;ng gi&#225;p:</strong></p><ul><li><p>Kh&#244;ng d&#249;ng thu&#7889;c kh&#225;ng gi&#225;p (v&#236; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i do s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t hormone qu&#225; m&#7913;c)</p></li><li><p>C&#243; th&#7875; d&#249;ng <strong>thu&#7889;c ch&#7865;n beta</strong> &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;m tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng</p></li></ul></li></ul><p><strong>Ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n ph&#226;n bi&#7879;t r&#7845;t quan tr&#7885;ng</strong></p><ul><li><p>PPT <strong>kh&#225;c v&#7899;i b&#7879;nh Graves</strong></p></li><li><p>&#272;&#244;i khi c&#7847;n &#273;o <strong>&#273;&#7897; t&#7853;p trung i-&#7889;t ph&#243;ng x&#7841;</strong> (x&#233;t nghi&#7879;m n&#224;y th&#432;&#7901;ng KH&#212;NG l&#224;m khi m&#7865; &#273;ang cho b&#250;; b&#225;c s&#297; c&#243; th&#7875; thay b&#7857;ng x&#233;t nghi&#7879;m m&#225;u t&#236;m kh&#225;ng th&#7875; TRAb)</p><ul><li><p>Graves: &#273;&#7897; t&#7853;p trung cao/b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng</p></li><li><p>PPT: &#273;&#7897; t&#7853;p trung th&#7845;p</p></li></ul></li></ul><p><strong>Nguy c&#417; l&#226;u d&#224;i</strong></p><ul><li><p>Ph&#7909; n&#7919; t&#7915;ng b&#7883; PPT c&#243; <strong>nguy c&#417; suy gi&#225;p v&#297;nh vi&#7877;n</strong> (kho&#7843;ng 15&#8211;50% t&#249;y nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u)<strong> trong 5&#8211;10 n&#259;m</strong></p></li><li><p>N&#234;n <strong>theo d&#245;i tuy&#7871;n gi&#225;p h&#7857;ng n&#259;m</strong></p></li></ul><h3><strong>5. Ai n&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#224;ng l&#7885;c tuy&#7871;n gi&#225;p sau sinh?</strong></h3><p>Ngay c&#7843; khi <strong>ch&#432;a c&#243; tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng</strong>, m&#7865; v&#7851;n n&#234;n x&#233;t nghi&#7879;m TSH v&#224;o <strong>th&#225;ng th&#7913; 3 v&#224; th&#225;ng th&#7913; 6 sau sinh</strong> n&#7871;u c&#243;:</p><ul><li><p>Ti&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng type 1</p></li><li><p>T&#7915;ng b&#7883; vi&#234;m tuy&#7871;n gi&#225;p sau sinh &#7903; l&#7847;n sinh tr&#432;&#7899;c</p></li><li><p>C&#243; kh&#225;ng th&#7875; kh&#225;ng tuy&#7871;n gi&#225;p</p></li></ul><p>N&#7871;u sau sinh, b&#7841;n c&#7843;m th&#7845;y s&#7919;a &#237;t d&#7847;n kh&#244;ng r&#245; l&#253; do, m&#7879;t m&#7887;i qu&#225; m&#7913;c, bu&#7891;n b&#227; k&#233;o d&#224;i hay c&#417; th&#7875; &#8220;l&#7879;ch nh&#7883;p&#8221; so v&#7899;i tr&#432;&#7899;c, v&#224; m&#7863;c d&#249; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#432; v&#7845;n vi&#234;n h&#7895; tr&#7907; nh&#432;ng t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng kh&#244;ng c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n, th&#236; h&#227;y t&#236;m &#273;&#7871;n chuy&#234;n gia y t&#7871;. M&#7897;t t&#432; v&#7845;n vi&#234;n c&#243; kinh nghi&#7879;m c&#361;ng s&#7869; nh&#7853;n ra l&#250;c c&#7847;n gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u b&#7841;n &#273;&#7871;n b&#225;c s&#297; chuy&#234;n khoa, v&#224; &#273;&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t b&#432;&#7899;c trong k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch h&#7895; tr&#7907; cho b&#7841;n.</p><p>Nu&#244;i con s&#7919;a m&#7865; <strong>kh&#244;ng &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; ho&#224;n h&#7843;o</strong>, m&#224; c&#7847;n m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; <strong>&#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#259;m s&#243;c v&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; &#273;&#250;ng</strong>. Trong &#273;a s&#7889; tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p, <strong>&#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; tuy&#7871;n gi&#225;p v&#224; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c cho con b&#250; ho&#224;n to&#224;n c&#243; th&#7875; song h&#224;nh.</strong></p><p>T&#192;I LI&#7878;U THAM KH&#7842;O:</p><p>1. Wambach, K., &amp; Morrison, B. (2021). <strong>Chapter 17: Women&#8217;s Health and Breastfeeding</strong>. In K. Wambach &amp; B. Spencer (Eds.), <em>Breastfeeding and Human Lactation</em> (6th ed.). Jones &amp; Bartlett Learning</p><p>2. Carney, L. A., Quinlan, J. D., &amp; West, J. M. (2014). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24695447/">Thyroid disease in pregnancy</a>. American Family Physician, 89(4), 273&#8211;278</p><p>3. De Groot, L., et al. (2012). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-2803">Management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum: An Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline</a>. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism, 97(8), 2543&#8211;2565.</p><p>4. Stagnaro-Green, A., et al. (2011). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2011.0087">Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and postpartum</a> (&#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n khuy&#7871;n ngh&#7883; v&#7873; x&#7841; h&#236;nh tuy&#7871;n gi&#225;p khi &#273;ang cho con b&#250;). Thyroid, 21(10), 1081&#8211;1125. (&#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thay th&#7871; b&#7903;i b&#7843;n ATA 2026, m&#7909;c 7)</p><p>5. Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine (ABM). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2019.29128.kbm">Clinical Protocol #31: Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Studies in Lactating Women</a> (Mitchell, K. B., et al., 2019). Breastfeeding Medicine, 14(5), 290&#8211;294.</p><p>6. LactMed (NIH - National Library of Medicine): Drugs and Lactation Database, c&#225;c m&#7909;c <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501003/">Levothyroxine</a> (NBK501003), <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501024/">Methimazole</a> (NBK501024), <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501084/">Propylthiouracil</a> (NBK501084)</p><p>7. Korevaar, T. I. M., Leung, A. M., Alexander, E. K., et al. (2026). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/10507256261445624">American Thyroid Association 2026 guidelines for thyroid disease in preconception, pregnancy, and postpartum</a>. Thyroid, 36(5).</p><p>8. Stagnaro-Green, A. (2012). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-2576">Approach to the patient with postpartum thyroiditis</a>. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism, 97(2), 334&#8211;342. PMID: 22312089</p><p>9. Azizi, F. (2018). <a href="https://doi.org/10.21037/aot.2018.04.04">Postpartum thyroid disorders</a>. Annals of Thyroid, 3, 13.</p><p>10. Smith, V. C., Svoren, B. M., &amp; Wolfsdorf, J. I. (2006). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.07.029">Hypothyroidism in a breast-fed preterm infant resulting from maternal topical iodine exposure</a>. The Journal of Pediatrics. PMID: 17011335</p><p>11. Dawood, M. Y., Khan-Dawood, F. S., Wahi, R. S., &amp; Fuchs, F. (1981). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-52-4-678">Oxytocin release and plasma anterior pituitary and gonadal hormones in women during lactation</a>. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism, 52(4), 678&#8211;683.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe"><span>&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Bú mẹ ở trẻ và mút vú ở người lớn trong tình dục: vì sao không nên tình dục hóa việc cho con bú?]]></title><description><![CDATA[C&#7843; h&#224;nh vi b&#250; m&#7865; c&#7911;a tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh v&#224; h&#224;nh vi m&#250;t v&#250; c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n trong b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh t&#236;nh d&#7909;c &#273;&#7873;u li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n ti&#7871;p x&#250;c mi&#7879;ng v&#7899;i v&#249;ng n&#250;m v&#250; - qu&#7847;ng v&#250;, c&#243; th&#7875; k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t m&#7897;t s&#7889; ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng th&#7847;n kinh &#8211; n&#7897;i ti&#7871;t &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; &#273;ang cho con b&#250;.]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/bu-me-o-tre-va-mut-vu-o-nguoi-lon</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/bu-me-o-tre-va-mut-vu-o-nguoi-lon</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 25 Sep 2026 12:10:08 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oRrP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc56561be-272c-49e7-952d-1557b971acd3_2048x2048.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>C&#7843; h&#224;nh vi b&#250; m&#7865; c&#7911;a tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh v&#224; h&#224;nh vi m&#250;t v&#250; c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n trong b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh t&#236;nh d&#7909;c &#273;&#7873;u li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n ti&#7871;p x&#250;c mi&#7879;ng v&#7899;i v&#249;ng n&#250;m v&#250; - qu&#7847;ng v&#250;, c&#243; th&#7875; k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t m&#7897;t s&#7889; ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng th&#7847;n kinh &#8211; n&#7897;i ti&#7871;t &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; &#273;ang cho con b&#250;. Tuy nhi&#234;n, hai h&#224;nh vi n&#224;y kh&#225;c nhau r&#245; v&#7873; c&#225;ch ng&#7853;m b&#7855;t, c&#225;ch v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng mi&#7879;ng, b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh v&#224; m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng. Vi&#7879;c &#273;&#225;nh &#273;&#7891;ng hai h&#224;nh vi c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m m&#7901; &#273;i m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch sinh h&#7885;c c&#7911;a b&#250; m&#7865;, d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n hi&#7875;u l&#7847;m trong t&#432; v&#7845;n nu&#244;i con b&#7857;ng s&#7919;a m&#7865; v&#224; trong c&#225;ch nh&#236;n v&#7873; &#273;&#7901;i s&#7889;ng t&#236;nh d&#7909;c c&#7911;a ph&#7909; n&#7919; sau sinh (MyHealth Alberta, 2025).</em></p><p>B&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y ph&#226;n t&#237;ch c&#417; ch&#7871; sinh l&#253; c&#7911;a b&#250; m&#7865; &#7903; tr&#7867;, c&#417; ch&#7871; k&#237;ch th&#237;ch n&#250;m v&#250; &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n khi quan h&#7879; t&#236;nh d&#7909;c, v&#224; l&#253; do kh&#244;ng n&#234;n &#273;&#7891;ng nh&#7845;t hai h&#224;nh vi n&#224;y. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oRrP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc56561be-272c-49e7-952d-1557b971acd3_2048x2048.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oRrP!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc56561be-272c-49e7-952d-1557b971acd3_2048x2048.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oRrP!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc56561be-272c-49e7-952d-1557b971acd3_2048x2048.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oRrP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc56561be-272c-49e7-952d-1557b971acd3_2048x2048.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oRrP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc56561be-272c-49e7-952d-1557b971acd3_2048x2048.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oRrP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc56561be-272c-49e7-952d-1557b971acd3_2048x2048.jpeg" width="1456" height="1456" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oRrP!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc56561be-272c-49e7-952d-1557b971acd3_2048x2048.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oRrP!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc56561be-272c-49e7-952d-1557b971acd3_2048x2048.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oRrP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc56561be-272c-49e7-952d-1557b971acd3_2048x2048.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oRrP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc56561be-272c-49e7-952d-1557b971acd3_2048x2048.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><h1>1. C&#417; ch&#7871; t&#7841;o s&#7919;a v&#224; phun s&#7919;a</h1><p>Trong th&#7901;i k&#7923; cho con b&#250;, tuy&#7871;n v&#250; ch&#7883;u &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng ch&#7911; y&#7871;u c&#7911;a hai hormone: prolactin (t&#7841;o s&#7919;a) v&#224; oxytocin (phun s&#7919;a). Khi v&#249;ng n&#250;m v&#250; &#8211; qu&#7847;ng v&#250; b&#7883; k&#237;ch th&#237;ch, xung &#273;&#7897;ng th&#7847;n kinh s&#7869; d&#7851;n truy&#7873;n l&#234;n v&#249;ng d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#7891;i v&#224; tuy&#7871;n y&#234;n, k&#237;ch th&#237;ch tuy&#7871;n y&#234;n tr&#432;&#7899;c ti&#7871;t prolactin v&#224; tuy&#7871;n y&#234;n sau ti&#7871;t oxytocin (WHO, 2009; WHO, 2019).</p><p>Prolactin gi&#250;p c&#225;c t&#7871; b&#224;o tuy&#7871;n s&#7919;a trong nang tuy&#7871;n t&#259;ng t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p s&#7919;a cho c&#225;c c&#7919; b&#250; ti&#7871;p theo.</p><p>Oxytocin l&#224;m co c&#225;c t&#7871; b&#224;o c&#417; quanh nang tuy&#7871;n, t&#259;ng &#225;p l&#7921;c trong &#7889;ng d&#7851;n v&#224; &#273;&#7849;y s&#7919;a t&#7915; nang, qua h&#7879; th&#7889;ng &#7889;ng d&#7851;n t&#7899;i n&#250;m v&#250; (WHO, 2009).</p><p>Khi tr&#7867; b&#250; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;, hai ph&#7843;n x&#7841; n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t nh&#7883;p nh&#224;ng, l&#7863;p l&#7841;i trong su&#7889;t c&#7919; b&#250;, gi&#250;p v&#7915;a t&#7841;o s&#7919;a, v&#7915;a t&#7889;ng xu&#7845;t s&#7919;a &#273;ang c&#243; trong v&#250; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch t&#7889;i &#432;u (WHO, 2009).</p><h1>2. C&#225;ch tr&#7867; b&#250; &#8211; nu&#7889;t &#8211; th&#7903;</h1><h2>2.1. Ng&#7853;m b&#7855;t v&#250; v&#224; c&#417; ch&#7871; mi&#7879;ng</h2><p>Khi tr&#7867; ng&#7853;m v&#250; &#273;&#250;ng, tr&#7867; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; ng&#7853;m m&#7895;i n&#250;m v&#250; m&#224; &#273;&#432;a s&#226;u c&#7843; ph&#7847;n qu&#7847;ng v&#250; v&#224; m&#244; tuy&#7871;n ph&#237;a d&#432;&#7899;i v&#224;o trong mi&#7879;ng; m&#244; v&#250; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c k&#233;o d&#224;i th&#224;nh m&#7897;t &#8220;d&#7843;i v&#250;&#8221;, trong &#273;&#243; n&#250;m v&#250; l&#224; ph&#7847;n ch&#243;p. L&#432;&#7905;i tr&#7867; &#244;m l&#7845;y &#8220;d&#7843;i v&#250;&#8221;, &#273;&#432;a ra ph&#237;a tr&#432;&#7899;c che ph&#7911; n&#432;&#7899;u d&#432;&#7899;i v&#224; n&#7857;m ngay d&#432;&#7899;i c&#225;c &#7889;ng d&#7851;n s&#7919;a; h&#224;m v&#224; m&#244;i &#8216;kh&#243;a&#8217; (seal) d&#7843;i v&#250;, duy tr&#236; &#225;p l&#7921;c &#226;m (WHO, 2009; Woolridge, 1986).</p><h3>Vi&#7879;c l&#7845;y s&#7919;a d&#7921;a tr&#234;n:</h3><p>- &#193;p l&#7921;c &#226;m (l&#7921;c h&#250;t) trong khoang mi&#7879;ng: khi ph&#7847;n gi&#7919;a &#8211; sau c&#7911;a l&#432;&#7905;i h&#7841; xu&#7889;ng, l&#7921;c h&#250;t t&#259;ng l&#234;n v&#224; s&#7919;a ch&#7843;y t&#7915; n&#250;m v&#250; v&#224;o mi&#7879;ng tr&#7867;. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; c&#417; ch&#7871; ch&#237;nh gi&#250;p l&#7845;y s&#7919;a (Geddes v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, 2008).</p><p>- L&#432;&#7905;i n&#226;ng l&#234;n &#225;p m&#244; v&#250; v&#224;o v&#242;m mi&#7879;ng (&#225;p l&#7921;c d&#432;&#417;ng), ch&#7911; y&#7871;u gi&#250;p &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh d&#242;ng s&#7919;a th&#224;nh t&#7915;ng ng&#7909;m v&#7915;a nu&#7889;t, h&#417;n l&#224; &#8220;v&#7855;t&#8221; s&#7919;a ra (Geddes &amp; Sakalidis, 2015).</p><p>- Hai y&#7871;u t&#7889; n&#224;y ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng d&#7921;a tr&#234;n n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng ph&#7843;n x&#7841; phun s&#7919;a c&#7911;a m&#7865;, &#273;&#7849;y s&#7919;a ra c&#225;c &#7889;ng d&#7851;n (&#7889;ng d&#7851;n ch&#7881; v&#7853;n chuy&#7875;n s&#7919;a, kh&#244;ng c&#243; &#8220;xoang ch&#7913;a s&#7919;a&#8221;), &#273;&#7875; l&#7921;c h&#250;t c&#7911;a tr&#7867; &#273;&#432;a s&#7919;a v&#224;o mi&#7879;ng (Ramsay v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, 2005; Geddes &amp; Sakalidis, 2015).</p><h2>2.2. Ph&#7889;i h&#7907;p b&#250; &#8211; nu&#7889;t &#8211; th&#7903;</h2><p>Trong m&#7895;i c&#7919; b&#250;, tr&#7867; ph&#7843;i ph&#7889;i h&#7907;p tinh t&#7871; gi&#7919;a b&#250;, nu&#7889;t v&#224; th&#7903;. T&#7927; l&#7879; b&#250; &#8211; nu&#7889;t &#8211; th&#7903; thay &#273;&#7893;i nhi&#7873;u trong m&#7897;t c&#7919; b&#250;: khi s&#7919;a ch&#7843;y nhanh, tr&#7867; c&#243; th&#7875; nu&#7889;t sau g&#7847;n nh&#432; m&#7895;i nh&#7883;p b&#250;; khi s&#7919;a ch&#7843;y ch&#7853;m, tr&#7867; b&#250; v&#224;i nh&#7883;p m&#7899;i nu&#7889;t m&#7897;t l&#7847;n. M&#7895;i l&#7847;n nu&#7889;t, tr&#7867; ng&#7915;ng th&#7903; r&#7845;t ng&#7855;n (kho&#7843;ng n&#7917;a gi&#226;y) &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh s&#7863;c, sau &#273;&#243; nh&#7883;p th&#7903; tr&#7903; l&#7841;i b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng; r&#7891;i chu tr&#236;nh b&#250; &#8211; nu&#7889;t &#8211; th&#7903; l&#7863;p l&#7841;i (Geddes &amp; Sakalidis, 2015; National Foundation of Swallowing Disorders, 2024).</p><h3>S&#7921; ph&#7889;i h&#7907;p n&#224;y gi&#250;p:</h3><p>- Tr&#7867; nh&#7853;n s&#7919;a &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#7863;n, kh&#244;ng s&#7863;c.</p><p>- V&#250; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#250;t s&#7919;a hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; nh&#7901; ng&#7853;m s&#226;u, t&#7841;o l&#7921;c h&#250;t hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; v&#224; nh&#7883;p b&#250; &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh.</p><h1>3&#65039;. K&#237;ch th&#237;ch n&#250;m v&#250; &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n trong b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh t&#236;nh d&#7909;c</h1><p>Khi ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n m&#250;t v&#250; trong quan h&#7879; t&#236;nh d&#7909;c, v&#249;ng gi&#7843;i ph&#7851;u b&#7883; k&#237;ch th&#237;ch v&#7851;n l&#224; n&#250;m v&#250; v&#224; qu&#7847;ng v&#250;, nh&#432;ng c&#225;ch t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng kh&#225;c:</p><p>Th&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#7881; ng&#7853;m ph&#7847;n n&#250;m v&#250; v&#224; m&#7897;t &#237;t qu&#7847;ng v&#250;, kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;a s&#226;u m&#244; v&#250; v&#224;o mi&#7879;ng nh&#432; tr&#7867;.</p><p>L&#7921;c h&#250;t v&#224; l&#7921;c &#233;p kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7873;u, mang t&#237;nh k&#237;ch th&#237;ch kho&#225;i c&#7843;m h&#417;n l&#224; m&#7909;c ti&#234;u l&#7845;y s&#7919;a.</p><p>Th&#7901;i gian k&#237;ch th&#237;ch th&#432;&#7901;ng ng&#7855;n, kh&#244;ng theo nh&#7883;p &#273;&#7873;u v&#224; kh&#244;ng k&#7871;t h&#7907;p ch&#7863;t ch&#7869; v&#7899;i nu&#7889;t &#8211; th&#7903;.</p><p>&#7902; ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; &#273;ang cho con b&#250;, k&#237;ch th&#237;ch n&#250;m v&#250; ho&#7863;c h&#432;ng ph&#7845;n t&#236;nh d&#7909;c v&#7851;n c&#243; th&#7875; k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t ph&#7843;n x&#7841; phun s&#7919;a, n&#234;n s&#7919;a c&#243; th&#7875; r&#7881; ra khi quan h&#7879; (MyHealth Alberta, 2025). K&#237;ch th&#237;ch n&#250;m v&#250; c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u nh&#432; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch h&#7895; tr&#7907; kh&#7903;i ph&#225;t chuy&#7875;n d&#7841; &#7903; ph&#7909; n&#7919; mang thai (Kavanagh v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, 2005); tuy v&#7853;y, m&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u g&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y kh&#244;ng &#273;o &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7913;c t&#259;ng oxytocin r&#245; r&#7879;t trong m&#225;u, cho th&#7845;y oxytocin c&#243; th&#7875; ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a c&#417; ch&#7871; (McAdow v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, 2024). D&#249; v&#7853;y, c&#225;ch k&#237;ch th&#237;ch c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#273;&#7875; t&#7889;i &#432;u h&#243;a vi&#7879;c l&#7845;y s&#7919;a.</p><h1>4&#65039;. V&#236; sao kh&#244;ng n&#234;n &#273;&#225;nh &#273;&#7891;ng hai h&#224;nh vi n&#224;y?</h1><h2>4.1. Kh&#225;c nhau v&#7873; ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng v&#224; &#253; ngh&#297;a</h2><p>B&#250; m&#7865; &#7903; tr&#7867; l&#224; h&#224;nh vi sinh h&#7885;c &#8211; nu&#244;i d&#432;&#7905;ng, g&#7855;n li&#7873;n v&#7899;i s&#7889;ng c&#242;n, g&#7855;n k&#7871;t m&#7865; &#8211; con, &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o dinh d&#432;&#7905;ng, mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch v&#224; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n t&#226;m l&#253; &#8211; c&#7843;m x&#250;c (WHO, 2019; AAP, 2026).</p><p>M&#250;t v&#250; khi l&#224;m t&#236;nh l&#224; h&#224;nh vi t&#236;nh d&#7909;c, nh&#7857;m t&#259;ng kho&#225;i c&#7843;m, th&#226;n m&#7853;t v&#224; g&#7855;n k&#7871;t gi&#7919;a hai ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n, ho&#224;n to&#224;n kh&#244;ng nh&#7857;m m&#7909;c ti&#234;u nu&#244;i d&#432;&#7905;ng tr&#7867;. M&#7863;c d&#249; c&#249;ng m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n c&#417; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c k&#237;ch th&#237;ch, nh&#432;ng:</p><p>&#272;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c t&#226;m l&#253; kh&#225;c nhau.</p><p>B&#7889;i c&#7843;nh x&#227; h&#7897;i &#8211; &#273;&#7841;o &#273;&#7913;c kh&#225;c nhau.</p><p>K&#7871;t qu&#7843; sinh h&#7885;c h&#432;&#7899;ng &#273;&#7871;n m&#7909;c ti&#234;u kh&#225;c nhau.</p><p>T&#224;i li&#7879;u d&#224;nh cho cha m&#7865; c&#7911;a MyHealth Alberta ghi nh&#7853;n m&#7897;t s&#7889; m&#7865; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y h&#432;ng ph&#7845;n khi cho con b&#250;; c&#7843;m gi&#225;c n&#224;y tuy gi&#7889;ng ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng t&#236;nh d&#7909;c nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng xu&#7845;t ph&#225;t t&#7915; &#273;&#7897;ng c&#417; t&#236;nh d&#7909;c. Hi&#7875;u &#273;&#250;ng &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y gi&#250;p tr&#225;nh g&#225;n nh&#227;n sai cho h&#224;nh vi b&#250; m&#7865; v&#224; gi&#7843;m b&#7899;t c&#7843;m gi&#225;c x&#7845;u h&#7893; ho&#7863;c t&#7897;i l&#7895;i kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; (MyHealth Alberta, 2025).</p><h2>4.2. H&#7879; qu&#7843; n&#7871;u &#273;&#225;nh &#273;&#7891;ng</h2><h3>N&#7871;u hai h&#224;nh vi n&#224;y b&#7883; tr&#7897;n l&#7851;n:</h3><p>- Ng&#432;&#7901;i ngo&#224;i c&#243; th&#7875; nh&#236;n vi&#7879;c cho con b&#250; b&#7857;ng l&#259;ng k&#237;nh t&#236;nh d&#7909;c, d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n c&#225;c ph&#225;n x&#233;t sai l&#7879;ch.</p><p>- Ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; c&#243; th&#7875; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y x&#7845;u h&#7893;, l&#7851;n l&#7897;n n&#7871;u trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh cho con b&#250; v&#7851;n c&#7843;m nh&#7853;n c&#417; th&#7875; ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng (do oxytocin) nh&#432;ng b&#7883; di&#7877;n gi&#7843;i th&#224;nh &#8220;c&#7843;m gi&#225;c t&#236;nh d&#7909;c&#8221; (MyHealth Alberta, 2025).</p><p>- C&#225;c th&#7921;c h&#224;nh ch&#432;a c&#243; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng, th&#7853;m ch&#237; c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#7843;n t&#225;c d&#7909;ng, c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7893; v&#361;, nh&#432; nh&#7901; b&#7841;n t&#236;nh &#8220;m&#250;t h&#250;t th&#244;ng s&#7919;a&#8221; thay v&#236; &#225;p d&#7909;ng c&#225;c bi&#7879;n ph&#225;p x&#7917; tr&#237; h&#7865;p &#7889;ng d&#7851;n s&#7919;a (do vi&#234;m) d&#7921;a tr&#234;n b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng: cho con b&#250; theo nhu c&#7847;u, kh&#244;ng c&#7889; h&#250;t &#8220;c&#7841;n&#8221; v&#250;, tr&#225;nh xoa b&#243;p m&#7841;nh, ch&#432;&#7901;m l&#7841;nh v&#224; xoa nh&#7865; theo ki&#7875;u d&#7851;n l&#432;u b&#7841;ch huy&#7871;t (Mitchell v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, 2022).</p><p>C&#225;c t&#7893; ch&#7913;c y t&#7871; khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch nh&#236;n nh&#7853;n b&#250; m&#7865; nh&#432; m&#7897;t h&#224;nh vi nu&#244;i d&#432;&#7905;ng, b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng h&#243;a nh&#7919;ng c&#7843;m gi&#225;c c&#417; th&#7875; c&#243; th&#7875; xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n do t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a hormone, v&#224; t&#225;ch bi&#7879;t ch&#250;ng kh&#7887;i di&#7877;n gi&#7843;i mang t&#237;nh &#273;&#7841;o &#273;&#7913;c ho&#7863;c t&#236;nh d&#7909;c (WHO, 2019; MyHealth Alberta, 2025).</p><h1>T&#243;m l&#7841;i:</h1><p>V&#7873; sinh l&#253;, b&#250; m&#7865; &#7903; tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh l&#224; m&#7897;t h&#224;nh vi &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7893; ch&#7913;c r&#7845;t tinh vi: ng&#7853;m s&#226;u, ph&#7889;i h&#7907;p l&#432;&#7905;i &#8211; h&#224;m &#8211; m&#244;i, k&#7871;t h&#7907;p h&#250;t &#8211; &#233;p &#8211; nu&#7889;t &#8211; th&#7903;, tr&#234;n n&#7873;n ph&#7843;n x&#7841; prolactin &#8211; oxytocin.</p><p>K&#237;ch th&#237;ch n&#250;m v&#250; &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n trong b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh t&#236;nh d&#7909;c tuy c&#243; th&#7875; t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#7871;n c&#249;ng h&#7879; hormone, nh&#432;ng kh&#225;c h&#7859;n v&#7873; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t, m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch v&#224; b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh.</p><p>Vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n bi&#7879;t r&#245; r&#224;ng hai h&#224;nh vi n&#224;y gi&#250;p b&#7843;o v&#7879; t&#237;nh &#8220;b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng&#8221; c&#7911;a h&#224;nh vi b&#250; m&#7865;, tr&#225;nh t&#7841;o k&#7923; th&#7883;, &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i ng&#259;n ng&#7915;a nh&#7919;ng th&#7921;c h&#224;nh ch&#432;a c&#243; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng trong vi&#7879;c h&#7895; tr&#7907; c&#225;c v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; v&#7873; s&#7919;a m&#7865;.</p><p>T&#192;I LI&#7878;U THAM KH&#7842;O:</p><p>1. American Academy of Pediatrics. (2026, 13 th&#225;ng 2). <a href="https://www.aap.org/en/patient-care/newborn-infant-and-early-childhood-nutrition/newborn-and-infant-breastfeeding/">Breastfeeding</a>.</p><p>2. Backman, I. (2024, 29 th&#225;ng 2). <a href="https://medicine.yale.edu/news-article/how-does-nipple-stimulation-induce-labor-a-clinical-trial-looks-for-clues/">How does nipple stimulation induce labor? A clinical trial looks for clues.</a> Yale School of Medicine.</p><p>3. MyHealth Alberta. (2025, 5 th&#225;ng 5). <a href="https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=hw131818">Sexuality while breastfeeding</a>. Government of Alberta.</p><p>4. World Health Organization. (2009). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK148970/">Session 2: The physiological basis of breastfeeding</a>. Trong Infant and young child feeding: Model chapter for textbooks for medical students and allied health professionals. World Health Organization. L&#432;u tr&#7919; t&#7841;i NCBI Bookshelf.</p><p>5. Geddes, D. T., &amp; Sakalidis, V. S. (2015). <a href="https://www.infantjournal.co.uk/pdf/inf_065_swa.pdf">Breastfeeding: How do they do it? Infant sucking, swallowing and breathing</a>. Infant, 11(5), 146&#8211;150.</p><p>6. Woolridge, M. W. (1986). <a href="https://www.health-e-learning.com/articles/anatomy_of_latch.pdf">The &#8216;anatomy&#8217; of infant sucking</a>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-6138(86)80041-9">Midwifery</a>, 2(4), 164&#8211;171. </p><p>7. World Health Organization. (1989). <a href="https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9240686703">Infant feeding: The physiological basis</a> (do J. Akr&#233; bi&#234;n t&#7853;p). Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 67(Suppl.).</p><p>8. World Health Organization. (2019). <a href="https://www.who.int/health-topics/breastfeeding">Breastfeeding</a>.</p><p>9. National Foundation of Swallowing Disorders. (2024, 19 th&#225;ng 11<a href="https://swallowingdisorderfoundation.com/pediatric-swallowing-disorders/">). Swallowing disorders in infants &amp; children</a>.</p><p>10. Geddes, D. T., Kent, J. C., Mitoulas, L. R., &amp; Hartmann, P. E. (2008). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2007.12.008">Tongue movement and intra-oral vacuum in breastfeeding infants</a>. Early Human Development, 84(7), 471&#8211;477. </p><p>11. Kavanagh, J., v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;. (2005). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003392.pub2">Breast stimulation for cervical ripening and induction of labour</a>. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (3), CD003392. </p><p>12. McAdow, M. E., Tortal, D., Shabanova, V., &amp; Son, M. (2024). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajogmf.2024.101307">Nipple stimulation therapy promotes uterine contractions at lower plasma oxytocin concentration than intravenous oxytocin during labor induction</a>. American Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology MFM, 6(3), 101307. </p><p>13. Mitchell, K. B., Johnson, H. M., Rodr&#237;guez, J. M., v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;. (2022). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2022.29207.kbm">Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Clinical Protocol #36: The mastitis spectrum, revised 2022</a>. Breastfeeding Medicine, 17(5), 360&#8211;376. </p><p>14. Ramsay, D. T., Kent, J. C., Hartmann, R. A., &amp; Hartmann, P. E. (2005). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00417.x">Anatomy of the lactating human breast redefined with ultrasound imaging</a>. Journal of Anatomy, 206(6), 525&#8211;534. </p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe"><span>&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Bú mẹ trực tiếp và các thói quen ‘ghiền’ của bé]]></title><description><![CDATA[M&#7865; n&#224;o cho b&#250; tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p h&#7859;n &#273;&#227;/&#273;ang v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; tr&#7843;i qua t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng gi&#7889;ng m&#236;nh b&#226;y gi&#7901;: Ren th&#7913;c kh&#225; nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n trong &#273;&#234;m &#273;&#7875; ti m&#7865; d&#249; kh&#244;ng c&#242;n &#7903; giai &#273;o&#7841;n s&#417; sinh n&#7919;a.]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/bu-me-truc-tiep-va-cac-thoi-quen</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/bu-me-truc-tiep-va-cac-thoi-quen</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 24 Sep 2026 12:14:17 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yJY6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6a56f31-7995-455c-b653-a35b7c4a9935_2816x1536.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>M&#7865; n&#224;o cho b&#250; tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p h&#7859;n &#273;&#227;/&#273;ang v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; tr&#7843;i qua t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng gi&#7889;ng m&#236;nh b&#226;y gi&#7901;: Ren th&#7913;c kh&#225; nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n trong &#273;&#234;m &#273;&#7875; ti m&#7865; d&#249; kh&#244;ng c&#242;n &#7903; giai &#273;o&#7841;n s&#417; sinh n&#7919;a. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; quan s&#225;t c&#7911;a m&#236;nh sau khi &#273;&#227; cho c&#7843; 5 &#273;&#7913;a b&#250; m&#7865;. C&#7909; th&#7875; t&#7915; kho&#7843;ng 12 &#273;&#7871;n 24 th&#225;ng l&#224; giai &#273;o&#7841;n kh&#244;ng &#237;t m&#7865; r&#7845;t kh&#7911;ng ho&#7843;ng, v&#224; hoang mang: &#8216;Li&#7879;u cho con b&#250; d&#224;i l&#226;u c&#243; ph&#7843;i l&#224; m&#7897;t quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#250;ng &#273;&#7855;n?&#8217; M&#236;nh c&#361;ng th&#7845;y &#273;&#226;y l&#224; giai &#273;o&#7841;n m&#224; nhi&#7873;u m&#7865; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh cai s&#7919;a cho con.</em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yJY6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6a56f31-7995-455c-b653-a35b7c4a9935_2816x1536.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yJY6!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6a56f31-7995-455c-b653-a35b7c4a9935_2816x1536.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yJY6!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6a56f31-7995-455c-b653-a35b7c4a9935_2816x1536.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yJY6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6a56f31-7995-455c-b653-a35b7c4a9935_2816x1536.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yJY6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6a56f31-7995-455c-b653-a35b7c4a9935_2816x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n, c&#361;ng t&#7915; &#273;&#243; m&#224; m&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng nghe c&#225;c b&#224; m&#7865; lo l&#7855;ng v&#236; con c&#243; nh&#7919;ng th&#243;i quen nh&#432; m&#250;t ng&#243;n tay, ng&#7853;m ti gi&#7843;, &#244;m th&#250; b&#244;ng, hay b&#225;m r&#7845;t ch&#7863;t v&#224;o g&#7889;i/ch&#259;n &#8220;ghi&#7873;n&#8221;. Nhi&#7873;u nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u quan s&#225;t cho th&#7845;y tr&#7867; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#250; m&#7865; tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911; v&#224; k&#233;o d&#224;i th&#432;&#7901;ng &#237;t c&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng duy tr&#236; c&#225;c th&#243;i quen m&#250;t kh&#244;ng dinh d&#432;&#7905;ng (r&#245; nh&#7845;t l&#224; v&#7899;i ti gi&#7843;; v&#7899;i m&#250;t ng&#243;n tay, k&#7871;t qu&#7843; ch&#432;a nh&#7845;t qu&#225;n) so v&#7899;i tr&#7867; b&#250; m&#7865; ng&#7855;n ng&#224;y ho&#7863;c b&#250; b&#236;nh l&#224; ch&#7911; y&#7871;u.</p><p>&#7902; &#273;&#226;y, c&#7847;n hi&#7875;u r&#7857;ng tr&#7867; c&#243; m&#7897;t ph&#7843;n x&#7841; m&#250;t r&#7845;t m&#7841;nh, kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; &#273;&#7875; l&#7845;y s&#7919;a m&#224; c&#242;n &#273;&#7875; t&#7921; xoa d&#7883;u. V&#236; v&#7853;y, h&#224;nh vi m&#250;t ng&#243;n tay hay ti gi&#7843; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#417;n thu&#7847;n l&#224; &#8220;th&#243;i quen x&#7845;u&#8221;, m&#224; l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch tr&#7867; t&#7921; &#273;i&#7873;u h&#242;a c&#7843;m x&#250;c khi ch&#432;a c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng t&#7921; tr&#7845;n an b&#7857;ng l&#7901;i n&#243;i hay t&#432; duy. T&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921;, h&#224;nh vi b&#250; m&#7865; theo ki&#7875;u &#8216;l&#7855;t nh&#7855;t&#8217;, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t v&#7873; &#273;&#234;m, hay khi con c&#7843;m th&#7845;y c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng nhu c&#7847;u tinh th&#7847;n (nh&#432; s&#7907; h&#227;i, cho&#225;ng ng&#7907;p) c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng n&#234;n b&#7883; xem l&#224; &#8220;th&#243;i quen x&#7845;u&#8221;. Khi &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#250; m&#7865; theo nhu c&#7847;u, tr&#7867; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng nhu c&#7847;u dinh d&#432;&#7905;ng m&#224; c&#242;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7887;a m&#227;n nhu c&#7847;u m&#250;t &#273;&#7875; th&#432; gi&#227;n, ng&#7911; y&#234;n v&#224; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y an to&#224;n. N&#243;i c&#225;ch kh&#225;c, b&#250; m&#7865; tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p c&#243; th&#7875; &#8220;g&#243;i&#8221; c&#249;ng l&#250;c c&#7843; hai ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng: dinh d&#432;&#7905;ng v&#224; t&#7921; xoa d&#7883;u.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RfxS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F48b4195c-70c1-4010-88c6-878dd06f2848_2816x1536.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RfxS!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F48b4195c-70c1-4010-88c6-878dd06f2848_2816x1536.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RfxS!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F48b4195c-70c1-4010-88c6-878dd06f2848_2816x1536.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RfxS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F48b4195c-70c1-4010-88c6-878dd06f2848_2816x1536.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RfxS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F48b4195c-70c1-4010-88c6-878dd06f2848_2816x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RfxS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F48b4195c-70c1-4010-88c6-878dd06f2848_2816x1536.jpeg" width="1456" height="794" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RfxS!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F48b4195c-70c1-4010-88c6-878dd06f2848_2816x1536.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RfxS!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F48b4195c-70c1-4010-88c6-878dd06f2848_2816x1536.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RfxS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F48b4195c-70c1-4010-88c6-878dd06f2848_2816x1536.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RfxS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F48b4195c-70c1-4010-88c6-878dd06f2848_2816x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>Khi tr&#7867; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#250; m&#7865; &#273;&#7911; l&#226;u, kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#250; tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n, ho&#7863;c cai s&#7919;a s&#7899;m, nhu c&#7847;u n&#224;y v&#7851;n t&#7891;n t&#7841;i nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng c&#242;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng qua v&#250; m&#7865;. L&#250;c &#273;&#243;, tr&#7867; c&#243; th&#7875; t&#236;m &#273;&#7871;n c&#225;c v&#7853;t thay th&#7871; nh&#432; ng&#243;n tay, ti gi&#7843;, th&#250; b&#244;ng, g&#7889;i, ch&#259;n m&#7873;m ho&#7863;c m&#7897;t v&#7853;t c&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh n&#224;o &#273;&#243; &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o c&#7843;m gi&#225;c an to&#224;n. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; l&#253; do v&#236; sao trong th&#7921;c t&#7871;, ta hay th&#7845;y m&#7897;t s&#7889; tr&#7867; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#250; m&#7865; &#273;&#7911; l&#226;u l&#7841;i d&#7877; &#8220;d&#237;nh&#8221; v&#7899;i ti gi&#7843; ho&#7863;c c&#243; m&#7897;t m&#243;n &#273;&#7891; kh&#244;ng r&#7901;i tay. &#7902; &#273;&#226;y, m&#236;nh nh&#7855;c &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c b&#250; m&#7865; tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nu&#244;i b&#7857;ng s&#7919;a m&#7865; (bao g&#7891;m c&#7843; b&#250; s&#7919;a m&#7865; b&#7857;ng b&#236;nh). C&#7847;n l&#432;u &#253;: c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#237;ch d&#7851;n &#7903; d&#432;&#7899;i so s&#225;nh b&#250; m&#7865; v&#7899;i b&#250; b&#236;nh n&#243;i chung, ch&#432;a nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;o t&#225;ch ri&#234;ng nh&#243;m b&#250; m&#7865; tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p v&#224; nh&#243;m b&#250; s&#7919;a m&#7865; v&#7855;t b&#7857;ng b&#236;nh, n&#234;n &#273;&#226;y l&#224; suy lu&#7853;n c&#7911;a m&#236;nh.</p><p>T&#7915; g&#243;c &#273;&#7897; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u, m&#7889;i li&#234;n h&#7879; gi&#7919;a b&#250; m&#7865; v&#224; c&#225;c th&#243;i quen m&#250;t kh&#244;ng dinh d&#432;&#7905;ng (non-nutritive sucking) kh&#225; nh&#7845;t qu&#225;n. Nhi&#7873;u nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u quan s&#225;t cho th&#7845;y tr&#7867; b&#250; m&#7865; l&#226;u h&#417;n, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t tr&#234;n 6 th&#225;ng, c&#243; t&#7927; l&#7879; d&#249;ng ti gi&#7843; th&#7845;p h&#417;n (v&#7899;i m&#250;t ng&#243;n tay, k&#7871;t qu&#7843; ch&#432;a nh&#7845;t qu&#225;n). M&#7897;t s&#7889; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#242;n ghi nh&#7853;n b&#250; m&#7865; k&#233;o d&#224;i c&#243; t&#237;nh b&#7843;o v&#7879; tr&#432;&#7899;c s&#7921; duy tr&#236; c&#225;c th&#243;i quen n&#224;y &#7903; tu&#7893;i m&#7851;u gi&#225;o <a href="https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-83242009000400013"><span>[8]</span></a>. D&#249; &#273;&#226;y ch&#7911; y&#7871;u l&#224; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u quan s&#225;t v&#224; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; kh&#7859;ng &#273;&#7883;nh nh&#226;n qu&#7843;, v&#236; c&#242;n nhi&#7873;u y&#7871;u t&#7889; nhi&#7877;u v&#224; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng quan h&#7879; ng&#432;&#7907;c chi&#7873;u (b&#250; kh&#243; ho&#7863;c cai s&#7919;a s&#7899;m c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n d&#249;ng ti gi&#7843; nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i), xu h&#432;&#7899;ng k&#7871;t qu&#7843; kh&#225; r&#245;: b&#250; m&#7865; tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p v&#224; k&#233;o d&#224;i th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;i c&#249;ng v&#7899;i &#237;t th&#243;i quen m&#250;t thay th&#7871; h&#417;n. C&#7847;n l&#432;u &#253;: c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;y ch&#7881; kh&#7843;o s&#225;t m&#250;t ng&#243;n tay v&#224; ti gi&#7843;; trong ngu&#7891;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#237;ch ch&#432;a c&#243; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;o x&#233;t m&#7889;i li&#234;n h&#7879; gi&#7919;a b&#250; m&#7865; v&#224; vi&#7879;c g&#7855;n b&#243; v&#7899;i th&#250; b&#244;ng, g&#7889;i, ch&#259;n.</p><p>M&#7897;t c&#225;ch gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch c&#243; th&#7875; (hi&#7879;n m&#7899;i &#7903; m&#7913;c gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t, ch&#432;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ki&#7875;m ch&#7913;ng tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p) l&#224;:<span> </span>Khi tr&#7867; b&#250; m&#7865; tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p, tr&#7867; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ti&#7871;p x&#250;c v&#7899;i nh&#7883;p b&#250; t&#7921; nhi&#234;n, v&#7899;i s&#7921; hi&#7879;n di&#7879;n c&#417; th&#7875; c&#7911;a m&#7865;, m&#249;i m&#7865;, da m&#7865;, h&#417;i &#7845;m v&#224; s&#7921; &#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng nhanh v&#7899;i t&#237;n hi&#7879;u c&#7911;a tr&#7867;. T&#7845;t c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng y&#7871;u t&#7889; &#273;&#243; h&#7895; tr&#7907; &#273;i&#7873;u h&#242;a h&#7879; th&#7847;n kinh non n&#7899;t c&#7911;a tr&#7867;. Ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i, n&#7871;u tr&#7867; &#237;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#250; m&#7865;, &#237;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#244;m &#7845;p, ho&#7863;c vi&#7879;c ch&#259;m s&#243;c theo ki&#7875;u qu&#225; c&#7913;ng nh&#7855;c khi&#7871;n tr&#7867; ph&#7843;i t&#7921; &#8220;ch&#7883;u &#273;&#7921;ng&#8221; l&#226;u h&#417;n, tr&#7867; th&#432;&#7901;ng t&#236;m c&#225;c c&#417; ch&#7871; b&#249; tr&#7915; nh&#432; m&#250;t tay hay b&#225;m v&#224;o m&#7897;t v&#7853;t quen thu&#7897;c.</p><p>Ri&#234;ng v&#7899;i th&#250; b&#244;ng, g&#7889;i ghi&#7873;n, ch&#259;n m&#7873;m, ngo&#224;i nhu c&#7847;u m&#250;t c&#242;n c&#243; m&#7897;t kh&#237;a c&#7841;nh kh&#225;c: nhu c&#7847;u g&#7855;n b&#243; v&#7899;i v&#7853;t chuy&#7875;n ti&#7871;p (transitional/attachment objects). T&#7915; kho&#7843;ng m&#7897;t tu&#7893;i tr&#7903; &#273;i, nhi&#7873;u tr&#7867; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u g&#7855;n v&#7899;i m&#7897;t v&#7853;t gi&#250;p ch&#250;ng c&#7843;m th&#7845;y an to&#224;n khi t&#225;ch kh&#7887;i m&#7865;. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng. Hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng n&#224;y kh&#225; ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n (kho&#7843;ng 54% tr&#7867; 3-4 tu&#7893;i trong m&#7897;t kh&#7843;o s&#225;t nh&#7887; &#7903; Nh&#7853;t, k&#7875; c&#7843; tr&#7867; ng&#7911; chung v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#259;m s&#243;c<span>), v&#224; m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; kh&#225;c nhau gi&#7919;a c&#225;c n&#7873;n v&#259;n h&#243;a, th&#432;&#7901;ng g&#7855;n v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c tr&#7867; ng&#7911; ri&#234;ng hay ng&#7911; c&#249;ng cha m&#7865;.</span> Tuy nhi&#234;n, m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o v&#7853;t n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; t&#259;ng l&#234;n n&#7871;u tr&#7867; c&#243; &#237;t ti&#7871;p x&#250;c g&#7847;n g&#361;i, &#237;t b&#250; m&#7865; tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p, &#237;t c&#243; th&#7901;i gian da ti&#7871;p da, ho&#7863;c thi&#7871;u nh&#7919;ng tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m an to&#224;n l&#7863;p &#273;i l&#7863;p l&#7841;i v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#259;m s&#243;c (&#273;&#226;y l&#224; gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t c&#7911;a m&#236;nh; ch&#432;a c&#243; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;o tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p ki&#7875;m ch&#7913;ng m&#7889;i li&#234;n h&#7879; n&#224;y). V&#236; v&#7853;y, m&#7897;t s&#7889; tr&#7867; b&#250; m&#7865; &#237;t c&#243; v&#7867; &#8220;ghi&#7873;n&#8221; th&#250; b&#244;ng/g&#7889;i nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n, v&#236; b&#233; &#273;&#226;u ch&#7881; b&#250; m&#7865;, m&#224; c&#242;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#259;m s&#243;c theo ki&#7875;u g&#7855;n b&#243;, g&#7847;n g&#361;i v&#224; &#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng nhanh.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lDsz!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb4870d8-6da7-4885-84aa-f4334f00466c_2816x1536.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lDsz!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb4870d8-6da7-4885-84aa-f4334f00466c_2816x1536.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lDsz!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb4870d8-6da7-4885-84aa-f4334f00466c_2816x1536.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lDsz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb4870d8-6da7-4885-84aa-f4334f00466c_2816x1536.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lDsz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb4870d8-6da7-4885-84aa-f4334f00466c_2816x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lDsz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb4870d8-6da7-4885-84aa-f4334f00466c_2816x1536.jpeg" width="1456" height="794" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/db4870d8-6da7-4885-84aa-f4334f00466c_2816x1536.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:794,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1473594,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/i/217226738?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb4870d8-6da7-4885-84aa-f4334f00466c_2816x1536.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lDsz!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb4870d8-6da7-4885-84aa-f4334f00466c_2816x1536.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lDsz!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb4870d8-6da7-4885-84aa-f4334f00466c_2816x1536.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lDsz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb4870d8-6da7-4885-84aa-f4334f00466c_2816x1536.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lDsz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdb4870d8-6da7-4885-84aa-f4334f00466c_2816x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>L&#224; m&#7897;t IBCLC, m&#236;nh ngh&#297; &#273;i&#7873;u quan tr&#7885;ng kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; l&#224;m cha m&#7865; lo l&#7855;ng khi th&#7845;y con m&#250;t tay hay th&#237;ch m&#7897;t m&#243;n &#273;&#7891; quen thu&#7897;c, m&#224; l&#224; hi&#7875;u &#253; ngh&#297;a ph&#237;a sau h&#224;nh vi &#273;&#243;. Con &#273;ang c&#7847;n g&#236;? C&#243; ph&#7843;i con &#273;&#243;i? Bu&#7891;n ng&#7911;? C&#259;ng th&#7859;ng? C&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#244;m? Hay &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n l&#224; &#273;ang t&#7921; tr&#7845;n an? N&#7871;u ch&#7881; nh&#236;n h&#224;nh vi b&#7873; m&#7863;t m&#224; v&#7897;i k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n &#8220;tr&#7867; h&#432;&#8221; hay &#8220;x&#7845;u n&#7871;t&#8221;, ta r&#7845;t d&#7877; b&#7887; qua nhu c&#7847;u th&#7853;t c&#7911;a con.</p><p>T&#7915; kinh nghi&#7879;m c&#7911;a m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865;, m&#236;nh th&#7845;y r&#7857;ng khi con &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#250; m&#7865; tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p &#273;&#7911; l&#226;u, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng theo nhu c&#7847;u, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#244;m &#7845;p v&#224; da ti&#7871;p da th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n, con th&#432;&#7901;ng &#237;t ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o v&#7853;t thay th&#7871; h&#417;n. &#272;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; con s&#7869; kh&#244;ng bao gi&#7901; m&#250;t ng&#243;n tay ho&#7863;c kh&#244;ng bao gi&#7901; th&#237;ch th&#250; b&#244;ng. Nh&#432;ng m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; th&#432;&#7901;ng nh&#7865; h&#417;n, linh ho&#7841;t h&#417;n v&#224; d&#7877; gi&#7843;m d&#7847;n theo th&#7901;i gian. Ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i, v&#7899;i m&#7897;t s&#7889; b&#233; &#237;t b&#250; m&#7865; ho&#7863;c cai s&#7919;a s&#7899;m, nhu c&#7847;u an to&#224;n v&#224; t&#7921; xoa d&#7883;u c&#243; th&#7875; chuy&#7875;n sang m&#7897;t v&#7853;t th&#7875; kh&#225;c, th&#7853;m ch&#237; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh th&#243;i quen b&#225;m r&#7845;t m&#7841;nh.</p><p>V&#7873; th&#7921;c h&#224;nh, khi g&#7863;p b&#233; c&#243; th&#243;i quen m&#250;t ng&#243;n tay ho&#7863;c ng&#7853;m ti gi&#7843;, m&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch cha m&#7865; xem l&#7841;i n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng nu&#244;i d&#432;&#7905;ng: b&#233; c&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#250; m&#7865; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; kh&#244;ng, c&#243; b&#250; theo nhu c&#7847;u kh&#244;ng, c&#243; &#273;&#7911; th&#7901;i gian &#7903; v&#250; m&#7865; kh&#244;ng, c&#243; nhi&#7873;u &#244;m &#7845;p v&#224; t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c g&#7847;n g&#361;i kh&#244;ng. N&#7871;u b&#233; c&#242;n nh&#7887; v&#224; b&#250; m&#7865; &#273;ang trong giai &#273;o&#7841;n thi&#7871;t l&#7853;p, c&#7847;n &#432;u ti&#234;n c&#7911;ng c&#7889; b&#250; m&#7865; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi d&#249;ng ti gi&#7843; qu&#225; s&#7899;m (Red Nose &#218;c khuy&#7871;n c&#225;o ch&#7901; &#273;&#7871;n khi b&#250; m&#7865; &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh, th&#432;&#7901;ng kho&#7843;ng 4-6 tu&#7847;n; sau &#273;&#243; ti gi&#7843; khi ng&#7911; li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n gi&#7843;m nguy c&#417; &#273;&#7897;t t&#7917; &#7903; tr&#7867; nh&#7887; (SIDS). N&#7871;u b&#233; l&#7899;n h&#417;n, vi&#7879;c gi&#7843;m d&#7847;n th&#243;i quen m&#250;t hay b&#225;m v&#7853;t n&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#224;m nh&#7865; nh&#224;ng, kh&#244;ng tr&#7915;ng ph&#7841;t, thay v&#224;o &#273;&#243; l&#224; t&#259;ng c&#7843;m gi&#225;c an to&#224;n, t&#259;ng t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c v&#224; h&#7895; tr&#7907; chuy&#7875;n ti&#7871;p.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KUvy!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14a54dbd-8e1a-49c4-adf7-6435c033400d_2816x1536.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KUvy!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14a54dbd-8e1a-49c4-adf7-6435c033400d_2816x1536.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KUvy!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14a54dbd-8e1a-49c4-adf7-6435c033400d_2816x1536.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KUvy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14a54dbd-8e1a-49c4-adf7-6435c033400d_2816x1536.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KUvy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14a54dbd-8e1a-49c4-adf7-6435c033400d_2816x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KUvy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14a54dbd-8e1a-49c4-adf7-6435c033400d_2816x1536.jpeg" width="1456" height="794" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KUvy!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14a54dbd-8e1a-49c4-adf7-6435c033400d_2816x1536.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KUvy!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14a54dbd-8e1a-49c4-adf7-6435c033400d_2816x1536.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KUvy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14a54dbd-8e1a-49c4-adf7-6435c033400d_2816x1536.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KUvy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14a54dbd-8e1a-49c4-adf7-6435c033400d_2816x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>M&#236;nh &#273;&#250;c k&#7871;t l&#7841;i r&#7857;ng: v&#224;o giai &#273;o&#7841;n t&#7915; 1 &#273;&#7871;n 2 tu&#7893;i, ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; c&#243; 2 l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n: m&#7897;t l&#224; v&#7851;n ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c cho con b&#250; d&#224;i l&#226;u, hai l&#224; th&#244;i s&#7919;a cho con. N&#7871;u cho con b&#250; d&#224;i l&#226;u th&#236; c&#243; th&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; &#7845;y c&#361;ng tr&#7843;i qua giai &#273;o&#7841;n nh&#432; m&#236;nh: c&#243; khi c&#7843;m th&#7845;y r&#7845;t m&#7879;t m&#7887;i, thi&#7871;u ng&#7911;; nh&#432;ng kh&#7843; n&#259;ng con &#8216;b&#225;m&#8217; v&#224;o m&#7897;t v&#7853;t thay th&#7871; c&#243; th&#7875; &#237;t h&#417;n, ho&#7863;c tr&#7877; h&#417;n v&#224; n&#7871;u c&#243; th&#236; ch&#7881; trong m&#7897;t th&#7901;i gian ng&#7855;n. N&#7871;u th&#244;i s&#7919;a cho con th&#236; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng con b&#225;m v&#224;o v&#7853;t thay th&#7871; c&#243; th&#7875; nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n v&#224; k&#233;o d&#224;i l&#226;u h&#417;n, b&#249; l&#7841;i th&#236; m&#7865; c&#243; th&#7875; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; c&#7911;a m&#236;nh &#237;t b&#7883; gi&#225;n &#273;o&#7841;n h&#417;n, nh&#432;ng c&#243; th&#7875; c&#7847;n m&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u th&#7901;i gian h&#417;n &#273;&#7875; &#8216;cai&#8217; v&#7853;t thay th&#7871;. M&#236;nh quan s&#225;t th&#7845;y c&#243; nh&#7919;ng b&#7841;n &#8216;ghi&#7873;n&#8217; cho t&#7899;i l&#7899;n lu&#244;n. Th&#7853;m ch&#237;, c&#243; b&#7841;n r&#7845;t kh&#7893; s&#7903; khi b&#7883; m&#7845;t &#273;i &#8216;&#273;&#7891; ghi&#7873;n&#8217;. (&#272;&#226;y l&#224; quan s&#225;t c&#225; nh&#226;n c&#7911;a m&#236;nh, ch&#432;a c&#243; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u n&#224;o ki&#7875;m ch&#7913;ng cho giai &#273;o&#7841;n 1-2 tu&#7893;i.)</p><p>T&#243;m l&#7841;i, b&#250; m&#7865; tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p, k&#233;o d&#224;i v&#224; theo nhu c&#7847;u kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; cung c&#7845;p dinh d&#432;&#7905;ng m&#224; c&#242;n th&#7887;a m&#227;n nhu c&#7847;u t&#7921; xoa d&#7883;u v&#224; g&#7855;n b&#243; c&#7911;a tr&#7867;. Khi nhu c&#7847;u n&#224;y kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng qua b&#250; m&#7865;, tr&#7867; c&#243; th&#7875; t&#236;m &#273;&#7871;n ng&#243;n tay, ti gi&#7843; ho&#7863;c m&#7897;t v&#7853;t quen thu&#7897;c nh&#432; th&#250; b&#244;ng, g&#7889;i, ch&#259;n/m&#7873;n. Hi&#7875;u &#273;&#250;ng &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y gi&#250;p cho cha m&#7865; l&#432;&#7901;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng thu&#7853;n l&#7907;i/tr&#7903; ng&#7841;i n&#224;o c&#243; th&#7875; x&#7843;y ra khi quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh c&#243; cho con b&#250; d&#224;i l&#226;u hay cai s&#7919;a s&#7899;m cho con hay kh&#244;ng. T&#7915; &#273;&#243; ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; kh&#244;ng xem c&#225;c th&#243;i quen &#7845;y l&#224; &#8220;x&#7845;u&#8221; ngay t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u, m&#224; nh&#236;n ch&#250;ng nh&#432; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a s&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n, &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i h&#7895; tr&#7907; tr&#7867; b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch nu&#244;i d&#432;&#7905;ng v&#224; k&#7871;t n&#7889;i an to&#224;n.</p><p>T&#192;I LI&#7878;U THAM KH&#7842;O:</p><p>1. de Holanda, A. L., et al. (2009).<span> </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20011750/"><span>Relationship between breast- and bottle-feeding and non-nutritive sucking habits</span></a>. Oral Health &amp; Preventive Dentistry, 7(4), 331&#8211;337.</p><p>2. Scavone Jr., H., et al. (2008).<span> </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18839722/"><span>Association between breastfeeding duration and non-nutritive sucking habits</span></a>. Community Dental Health, 25(3), 161&#8211;165.</p><p>3. Aarts, C., et al. (1999). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.104.4.e50"><span>Breastfeeding patterns in relation to thumb sucking and pacifier use</span></a>. Pediatrics, 104(4), e50. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.104.4.e50"><span>10.1542/peds.104.4.e50</span></a></p><p>4. Romero, C. C., et al. (2011). <a href="https://www.scielo.br/j/jaos/a/fccSMGFjKvnwjdD6VyBWxXs/?lang=en"><span>Breastfeeding and non-nutritive sucking patterns related to the prevalence of anterior open bite in primary dentition</span></a>. Journal of Applied Oral Science, 19(2), 161&#8211;168. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-77572011000200013"><span>10.1590/s1678-77572011000200013</span></a><span>.</span></p><p>5. Hermont, A. P., et al. (2015). <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/12/3/3133"><span>Breastfeeding, bottle feeding practices and malocclusion in the primary dentition: a systematic review of cohort studies</span></a><span> </span>. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(3), 3133&#8211;3151. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120303133"><span>10.3390/ijerph120303133</span></a>.</p><p>6. Peres, K. G., et al. (2018). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034517738925"><span>Breastfeeding and oral health: Evidence and methodological</span></a><span> </span><a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034517738925"><span>challenges</span></a>. Journal of Dental Research, 97(3), 251&#8211;258. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034517738925"><span>10.1177/0022034517738925</span></a>. </p><p>7. Roscoe, M. G., et al. (2018)<span> </span>. <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5968157/"><span>Association of breastfeeding duration, nonnutritive sucking habits, and malocclusion</span></a>. International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 11(1), 18&#8211;22. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1477"><span>10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1477</span></a>.</p><p>8. Telles, F. B. A., Ferreira, R. I., Magalh&#227;es, L. N. C., &amp; Scavone-Junior, H. (2009). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-83242009000400013"><span>Effect of breast- and bottle-feeding duration on the age of pacifier use persistence</span></a><span>. Brazilian Oral Research, 23(4), 432&#8211;438. DOI: </span><a href="https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-83242009000400013"><span>10.1590/S1806-83242009000400013</span></a><span>.</span></p><p>9. Feldens, C. A., Petracco, L. B., Nascimento, G. G., Li, H., V&#237;tolo, M. R., &amp; Peres, K. G. (2023). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153403"><span>Breastfeeding protects from overjet in adolescence by reducing pacifier use: A birth cohort study</span></a>. Nutrients, 15(15), 3403. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153403"><span>10.3390/nu15153403</span></a>.</p><p>10. Ling, H. T. B., Sum, F. H. K. M. H., Zhang, L., et al. (2018). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-018-0610-7"><span>The association between nutritive, non-nutritive sucking habits and primary dental occlusion</span></a>. BMC Oral Health, 18, 145. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-018-0610-7"><span>10.1186/s12903-018-0610-7</span></a>.</p><p>11. Lee, A., &amp; Hood, B. (2021). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.07.023"><span>The origins and development of attachment object behaviour</span></a>. Current Opinion in Psychology, 39, 72&#8211;75. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.07.023"><span>10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.07.023</span></a>.</p><p>12. Yamaguchi, M., Ishibashi, M., Moriguchi, Y., Mitsuishi, H., &amp; Itakura, S. (2023). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-33758-z"><span>Exploring role of sleep aids in sleep problems in preschool children</span></a>. Scientific Reports. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-33758-z"><span>10.1038/s41598-023-33758-z</span></a>.</p><p>13. Red Nose Australia. (2019, c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t 30/04/2026). <a href="https://rednose.org.au/news/using-a-dummy-safely/"><span>Using a dummy safely</span></a>.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe"><span>&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Đau nhức núm vú khi cho con bú]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#272;au r&#225;t v&#224;i ng&#224;y &#273;&#7847;u khi hai m&#7865; con c&#242;n &#273;ang l&#224;m quen v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c b&#250; l&#224; chuy&#7879;n nhi&#7873;u m&#7865; tr&#7843;i qua.]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/au-nhuc-num-vu-khi-cho-con-bu</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/au-nhuc-num-vu-khi-cho-con-bu</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 23 Sep 2026 12:42:22 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7DwB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05c227f5-7eaa-4fac-b3fc-8be369df84c5_2816x1536.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>&#272;au r&#225;t v&#224;i ng&#224;y &#273;&#7847;u khi hai m&#7865; con c&#242;n &#273;ang l&#224;m quen v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c b&#250; l&#224; chuy&#7879;n nhi&#7873;u m&#7865; tr&#7843;i qua. M&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i g&#7885;i l&#224; c&#243; nhi&#7873;u kinh nghi&#7879;m nu&#244;i con s&#7919;a m&#7865; v&#224; l&#224; m&#7897;t IBCLC nh&#432; m&#236;nh m&#224; &#273;&#7871;n b&#233; th&#7913; 5 v&#7851;n c&#242;n th&#7845;y kh&#225; nh&#7841;y c&#7843;m, hu&#7889;ng h&#7891; g&#236; ai! Nh&#432;ng &#273;au k&#233;o d&#224;i qu&#225; hai tu&#7847;n, ho&#7863;c &#273;au nh&#243;i su&#7889;t c&#7843; c&#7919; b&#250;, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; chuy&#7879;n &#8220;r&#225;ng ch&#7883;u cho quen&#8221;. &#272;&#243; th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; d&#7845;u hi&#7879;u c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; chuy&#234;n m&#244;n quan s&#225;t tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p &#273;&#7875; lo&#7841;i tr&#7915; nh&#7919;ng kh&#7843; n&#259;ng g&#226;y &#273;au, &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh c&#225;ch cho con b&#250; ph&#249; h&#7907;p.</em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7DwB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05c227f5-7eaa-4fac-b3fc-8be369df84c5_2816x1536.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7DwB!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05c227f5-7eaa-4fac-b3fc-8be369df84c5_2816x1536.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7DwB!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05c227f5-7eaa-4fac-b3fc-8be369df84c5_2816x1536.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7DwB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05c227f5-7eaa-4fac-b3fc-8be369df84c5_2816x1536.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7DwB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05c227f5-7eaa-4fac-b3fc-8be369df84c5_2816x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7DwB!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05c227f5-7eaa-4fac-b3fc-8be369df84c5_2816x1536.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7DwB!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05c227f5-7eaa-4fac-b3fc-8be369df84c5_2816x1536.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7DwB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05c227f5-7eaa-4fac-b3fc-8be369df84c5_2816x1536.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7DwB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05c227f5-7eaa-4fac-b3fc-8be369df84c5_2816x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><h3><strong>&#272;au v&#224;i ng&#224;y &#273;&#7847;u, v&#224; &#273;au k&#233;o d&#224;i, l&#224; hai chuy&#7879;n kh&#225;c nhau</strong></h3><p>Theo Ph&#225;c &#273;&#7891; l&#226;m s&#224;ng s&#7889; 26 c&#7911;a Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine (ABM), &#273;au khi cho b&#250; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c xem l&#224; &#8220;&#273;au k&#233;o d&#224;i&#8221; (persistent pain) n&#7871;u c&#242;n ti&#7871;p di&#7877;n qu&#225; hai tu&#7847;n. V&#224;i ng&#224;y &#273;&#7847;u, n&#250;m v&#250; c&#242;n r&#7845;t nh&#7841;y c&#7843;m v&#224; hai m&#7865; con c&#242;n &#273;ang t&#7853;p &#259;n &#253; v&#7899;i nhau, n&#234;n h&#417;i r&#225;t l&#224; chuy&#7879;n nhi&#7873;u m&#7865; g&#7863;p. Nh&#432;ngb&#432;&#7899;c sang tu&#7847;n th&#7913; ba m&#224; m&#7895;i l&#7847;n con ng&#7853;m v&#224;o v&#7851;n nh&#243;i nh&#432; kim ch&#226;m th&#236; &#273;&#243; h&#7871;t c&#242;n l&#224; &#8220;giai &#273;o&#7841;n &#273;&#7847;u&#8221; n&#7919;a r&#7891;i. C&#417; th&#7875; &#273;ang c&#7889; n&#243;i v&#7899;i m&#7865; &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236; &#273;&#243;.</p><p><em>Ngu&#7891;n: Berens, Eglash, Malloy &amp; Steube, Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine (2016), <a href="http://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2016.29002.pjb">ABM Clinical Protocol #26: Persistent Pain with Breastfeeding</a>, Breastfeeding Medicine</em></p><p>&#7902; Melbourne, nh&#243;m c&#7911;a Buck (2014, &#273;&#259;ng tr&#234;n Breastfeeding Medicine) theo d&#245;i 360 m&#7865; sinh con &#273;&#7847;u l&#242;ng t&#7841;i hai b&#7879;nh vi&#7879;n. &#272;&#7871;n tu&#7847;n th&#7913; 8, c&#243; 340 m&#7865; c&#242;n tham gia, v&#224; c&#417;n &#273;au n&#250;m v&#250; v&#7851;n c&#242;n &#7903; kho&#7843;ng 20% m&#7865;, t&#7913;c c&#7913; 5 m&#7865; th&#236; c&#243; 1 m&#7865;.<span> </span>Con s&#7889; &#273;&#243; &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7875; m&#236;nh n&#243;i v&#7899;i c&#225;c m&#7865; r&#7857;ng: n&#7871;u m&#7865; &#273;ang &#273;au th&#236; m&#7865; kh&#244;ng h&#7873; &#273;&#417;n &#273;&#7897;c, v&#224; n&#234;n t&#236;m ng&#432;&#7901;i gi&#250;p s&#7899;m ch&#7913; &#273;&#7915;ng r&#225;ng m&#7897;t m&#236;nh.<span> </span>B&#7843;n th&#226;n m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; chuy&#234;n m&#244;n nh&#432; m&#236;nh m&#224; c&#361;ng c&#7847;n s&#7921; tr&#7907; gi&#250;p c&#7911;a &#273;&#7891;ng nghi&#7879;p n&#7919;a m&#224;. Nh&#432; l&#7847;n sinh Ren v&#7915;a r&#7891;i, c&#7913; b&#250; b&#234;n ph&#7843;i l&#224; b&#234;n &#273;&#243; b&#7883; &#273;au, b&#234;n kia th&#236; kh&#244;ng. Kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7871;n n&#7895;i &#273;au kh&#244;ng ch&#7883;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#432;ng n&#243; c&#7913; th&#7889;n th&#7889;n kh&#243; ch&#7883;u n&#234;n m&#236;nh nh&#7901; Anna &#8211; c&#244; b&#7841;n v&#7915;a l&#224; IBCLC v&#7915;a l&#224; T&#432; v&#7845;n vi&#234;n S&#7919;a m&#7865; &#7903; HSM &#218;c (ABA) nh&#432; m&#236;nh &#8211; &#273;&#7875; c&#7893; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; gi&#249;m.</p><p><em>Ngu&#7891;n: Buck, Amir, Cullinane &amp; Donath (2014), <a href="http://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2013.0106">Nipple Pain, Damage, and Vasospasm in the First 8 Weeks Postpartum</a>, Breastfeeding Medicine.</em></p><h3><strong>V&#236; sao l&#7841;i &#273;au?</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HvGS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffaaedd5f-d3ec-4c5d-883e-b1992c6cf760_2816x1536.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HvGS!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffaaedd5f-d3ec-4c5d-883e-b1992c6cf760_2816x1536.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HvGS!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffaaedd5f-d3ec-4c5d-883e-b1992c6cf760_2816x1536.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HvGS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffaaedd5f-d3ec-4c5d-883e-b1992c6cf760_2816x1536.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HvGS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffaaedd5f-d3ec-4c5d-883e-b1992c6cf760_2816x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HvGS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffaaedd5f-d3ec-4c5d-883e-b1992c6cf760_2816x1536.jpeg" width="1456" height="794" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HvGS!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffaaedd5f-d3ec-4c5d-883e-b1992c6cf760_2816x1536.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HvGS!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffaaedd5f-d3ec-4c5d-883e-b1992c6cf760_2816x1536.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HvGS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffaaedd5f-d3ec-4c5d-883e-b1992c6cf760_2816x1536.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HvGS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffaaedd5f-d3ec-4c5d-883e-b1992c6cf760_2816x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>Nh&#243;m c&#7911;a Kent (2015) xem l&#7841;i h&#7891; s&#417; t&#432; v&#7845;n &#7903; m&#7897;t trung t&#226;m chuy&#234;n v&#7873; s&#7919;a m&#7865; t&#7841;i T&#226;y &#218;c, v&#224; nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ghi nh&#7853;n nhi&#7873;u nh&#7845;t l&#224; t&#432; th&#7871; c&#249;ng kh&#7899;p ng&#7853;m ch&#432;a t&#7889;i &#432;u. Khi con ng&#7853;m n&#244;ng, l&#432;&#7905;i v&#224; v&#242;m mi&#7879;ng d&#7877; &#233;p v&#224;o &#273;&#250;ng ph&#7847;n n&#250;m v&#250; thay v&#236; k&#233;o s&#226;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7843; qu&#7847;ng v&#250; v&#224;o mi&#7879;ng, v&#224; m&#7895;i l&#7847;n m&#250;t l&#224; m&#7897;t l&#7847;n c&#7885; x&#225;t. C&#243; m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u m&#236;nh hay n&#243;i th&#234;m v&#7899;i c&#225;c m&#7865; hay t&#7921; tr&#225;ch b&#7843;n th&#226;n. Nh&#243;m c&#7911;a McClellan (2012) kh&#7843;o s&#225;t c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng m&#7865; &#273;au n&#250;m v&#250; dai d&#7859;ng m&#224; nh&#236;n b&#7857;ng m&#7855;t th&#432;&#7901;ng kh&#244;ng th&#7845;y t&#7893;n th&#432;&#417;ng, c&#242;n ph&#225;c &#273;&#7891; ABM #26 c&#361;ng nh&#7855;c t&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng c&#417;n &#273;au kh&#244;ng t&#432;&#417;ng x&#7913;ng v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng g&#236; th&#7845;y khi kh&#225;m. N&#234;n soi g&#432;&#417;ng kh&#244;ng th&#7845;y g&#236; b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; m&#7865; &#273;ang l&#224;m qu&#225; l&#234;n. Nh&#432; &#7903; tr&#234;n m&#236;nh c&#243; nh&#7855;c &#273;&#7871;n Anna, sau khi th&#259;m kh&#225;m c&#225;c ki&#7875;m, ki&#7875;m tra c&#225;c ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a Ren, c&#7893; ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n ra c&#417; c&#7893; b&#234;n ph&#7843;i c&#7911;a con c&#243; ch&#250;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; h&#417;n b&#234;n tr&#225;i, &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n c&#225;c c&#417; h&#224;m h&#7847;u h&#7885;ng v&#224; c&#7843; l&#432;&#7905;i n&#234;n con kh&#244;ng ng&#7853;m b&#7855;t v&#250; &#273;&#250;ng. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; kh&#244;ng ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n ra.</p><p><em>Ngu&#7891;n: Kent, Ashton, Hardwick v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; (2015), <a href="http://mdpi.com/1660-4601/12/10/12247">Nipple Pain in Breastfeeding Mothers: Incidence, Causes and Treatments</a>, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</em></p><p><em>Ngu&#7891;n: McClellan, Hepworth, Garbin v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; (2012), <a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/0890334412444464">Nipple Pain during Breastfeeding with or without Visible Trauma</a>, Journal of Human Lactation </em></p><p>Ngo&#224;i kh&#7899;p ng&#7853;m, c&#242;n v&#224;i nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n kh&#225;c. D&#237;nh th&#7855;ng l&#432;&#7905;i khi&#7871;n con kh&#243; &#273;&#432;a l&#432;&#7905;i ra &#273;&#7911; xa. Nhi&#7877;m n&#7845;m Candida &#7903; n&#250;m v&#250; c&#361;ng n&#7857;m trong danh s&#225;ch c&#7847;n c&#226;n nh&#7855;c, nh&#432;ng ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n n&#224;y c&#242;n nhi&#7873;u tranh lu&#7853;n n&#234;n c&#7847;n chuy&#234;n gia &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225;. C&#242;n co th&#7855;t m&#7841;ch m&#225;u n&#250;m v&#250; th&#236; nhi&#7873;u m&#7865; t&#7843; nh&#432; b&#7883; kim ch&#226;m ngay l&#250;c con v&#7915;a nh&#7843; v&#250; ra.<span> </span>V&#236; v&#7853;y, m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i t&#432; v&#7845;n &#273;&#250;ng ngh&#297;a kh&#244;ng d&#7915;ng &#7903; chuy&#7879;n nh&#236;n con ng&#7853;m v&#250; v&#224;i gi&#226;y. Ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#432; v&#7845;n c&#242;n ph&#7843;i h&#7887;i k&#7929; m&#7865; &#273;au ki&#7875;u g&#236;, &#273;au l&#250;c n&#224;o trong c&#7919; b&#250;, v&#224; &#273;au k&#233;o d&#224;i bao l&#226;u sau khi con nh&#7843; ra.</p><h3><strong>&#8220;R&#225;ng ch&#7883;u&#8221; &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m g&#236;, khi c&#417;n &#273;au &#273;ang c&#7889; n&#243;i v&#7899;i m&#7865; &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236; &#273;&#243;</strong></h3><p>H&#236;nh dung m&#7897;t &#273;&#244;i gi&#224;y m&#7899;i c&#7855;n g&#243;t nha. V&#224;i h&#244;m &#273;&#7847;u r&#225;ng &#273;i cho quen th&#236; c&#242;n hi&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. Nh&#432;ng &#273;i hai tu&#7847;n m&#224; g&#243;t v&#7851;n r&#225;t th&#236; ch&#7859;ng ai b&#7843;o &#8220;r&#225;ng th&#234;m ch&#250;t n&#7919;a&#8221;, ng&#432;&#7901;i ta s&#7869; xem l&#7841;i &#273;&#244;i gi&#224;y v&#224; c&#225;ch mang. L&#7901;i khuy&#234;n &#8220;r&#225;ng ch&#7883;u v&#224;i tu&#7847;n l&#224; quen&#8221; c&#361;ng v&#7853;y: kh&#244;ng sai ho&#224;n to&#224;n, nh&#432;ng s&#7869; nguy hi&#7875;m n&#7871;u m&#7865; &#225;p d&#7909;ng n&#243; cho m&#7885;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p &#273;au m&#224; kh&#244;ng ph&#226;n bi&#7879;t. Ch&#237;nh ph&#225;c &#273;&#7891; l&#226;m s&#224;ng c&#7911;a ABM khuy&#7871;n ngh&#7883; m&#7865; b&#7883; &#273;au k&#233;o d&#224;i n&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t chuy&#234;n gia v&#7873; s&#7919;a m&#7865;, nh&#432; IBCLC, &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; v&#224; quan s&#225;t tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p m&#7897;t c&#7919; b&#250; th&#7853;t. Theo kinh nghi&#7879;m c&#7911;a m&#236;nh, c&#225;ch &#273;&#243; &#273;&#225;ng tin h&#417;n vi&#7879;c t&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n qua l&#7901;i k&#7875; hay v&#224;i t&#7845;m h&#236;nh ch&#7909;p v&#7897;i g&#7917;i qua tin nh&#7855;n. Kent v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; (2015) c&#242;n c&#243; m&#7897;t con s&#7889; l&#224;m m&#236;nh ph&#7843;i suy ngh&#297;. Trong nh&#243;m m&#7865; &#273;&#7871;n Trung t&#226;m S&#7919;a m&#7865; T&#226;y &#218;c v&#236; &#273;au n&#250;m v&#250;, sau t&#432; v&#7845;n v&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883;, c&#417;n &#273;au &#273;&#227; h&#7871;t ho&#7863;c &#273;ang gi&#7843;m &#7903; 57% m&#7865;. Kho&#7843;ng 42% c&#242;n l&#7841;i ch&#432;a c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n &#7903; l&#7847;n li&#234;n l&#7841;c cu&#7889;i. C&#225;c t&#225;c gi&#7843; cho r&#7857;ng &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y g&#7907;i &#253; vi&#7879;c ch&#7881;nh t&#432; th&#7871; v&#224; kh&#7899;p ng&#7853;m kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#250;c n&#224;o c&#361;ng &#273;&#7911;, ho&#7863;c c&#242;n y&#7871;u t&#7889; kh&#225;c g&#243;p ph&#7847;n. Ngh&#297;a l&#224; &#273;&#244;i khi v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; n&#7857;m s&#226;u h&#417;n m&#7897;t l&#7901;i khuy&#234;n &#8220;b&#7871; l&#7841;i cho &#273;&#250;ng&#8221; c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t.</p><p>R&#225;ng ch&#7883;u qu&#225; l&#226;u c&#242;n k&#233;o theo m&#7897;t v&#242;ng l&#7863;p kh&#244;ng ai mu&#7889;n. M&#7865; &#273;au n&#234;n s&#7907; m&#7895;i c&#7919; b&#250; s&#7855;p t&#7899;i. Con v&#7915;a ng&#7853;m v&#224;o l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; &#273;&#227; g&#7891;ng c&#7913;ng l&#234;n ch&#7883;u &#273;au, r&#7891;i m&#7865; c&#224;ng m&#7879;t v&#224; c&#224;ng d&#7877; n&#7843;n. Nhi&#7873;u m&#7865; m&#236;nh g&#7863;p ch&#7885;n cai s&#7919;a s&#7899;m kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i v&#236; h&#7871;t s&#7919;a, m&#224; v&#236; kh&#244;ng c&#242;n ch&#7883;u n&#7893;i c&#417;n &#273;au l&#7863;p l&#7841;i m&#7895;i v&#224;i ti&#7871;ng su&#7889;t c&#7843; ng&#224;y l&#7851;n &#273;&#234;m. Th&#432;&#417;ng con &#273;&#226;u c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; ph&#7843;i ch&#7883;u &#273;au ho&#224;i.</p><h2><strong>Khi n&#224;o c&#7847;n h&#7895; tr&#7907; chuy&#234;n m&#244;n</strong></h2><p>M&#7865; n&#234;n t&#236;m m&#7897;t IBCLC quan s&#225;t tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p m&#7897;t c&#7919; b&#250; th&#7853;t khi c&#417;n &#273;au &#273;&#227; k&#233;o d&#224;i qu&#225; hai tu&#7847;n, khi m&#7865; &#273;au nh&#243;i su&#7889;t c&#7843; c&#7919; b&#250; ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; v&#224;i gi&#226;y &#273;&#7847;u, ho&#7863;c khi m&#7865; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u s&#7907; m&#7895;i l&#7847;n t&#7899;i gi&#7901; cho b&#250;. &#272;&#7915;ng ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c t&#7921; xoay x&#7903; qua video h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n tr&#234;n m&#7841;ng n&#7919;a. Ri&#234;ng n&#250;m v&#250; n&#7913;t, ch&#7843;y m&#225;u ho&#7863;c &#273;au d&#7919; d&#7897;i th&#236; m&#7865; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n &#273;&#7907;i &#273;&#7911; hai tu&#7847;n. C&#242;n n&#7871;u m&#7865; s&#7889;t, v&#250; &#273;&#7887; n&#243;ng &#273;au, ho&#7863;c b&#233; b&#250; k&#233;m v&#224; &#237;t t&#227; &#432;&#7899;t, h&#227;y g&#7863;p b&#225;c s&#297; ho&#7863;c nh&#226;n vi&#234;n y t&#7871; s&#7899;m, v&#236; chuy&#7879;n c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#244;ng d&#7915;ng &#7903; kh&#7899;p ng&#7853;m.</p><p><em>M&#7865; c&#243; t&#7915;ng nghe c&#226;u &#8220;r&#225;ng ch&#7883;u v&#224;i tu&#7847;n l&#224; quen&#8221; ch&#432;a? L&#250;c &#273;&#243; m&#7865; c&#243; t&#236;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ai gi&#250;p kh&#244;ng, hay t&#7921; m&#236;nh xoay x&#7903;?</em></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe"><span>&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Mẹ cho con bú, thuốc và vắc xin]]></title><description><![CDATA[B&#224;i vi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p b&#7903;i m&#7897;t Chuy&#234;n gia T&#432; v&#7845;n S&#7919;a m&#7865; Qu&#7889;c t&#7871; (IBCLC) kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7845;p ph&#233;p k&#234; toa thu&#7889;c, do &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng thay th&#7871; &#253; ki&#7871;n c&#7911;a b&#225;c s&#297; ho&#7863;c d&#432;&#7907;c s&#297;.]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/me-cho-con-bu-thuoc-va-vac-xin</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/me-cho-con-bu-thuoc-va-vac-xin</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 20 Sep 2026 11:55:06 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xgc_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ab1f85b-ad95-4dae-b36a-1b65a3696549_1248x832.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>B&#224;i vi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p b&#7903;i m&#7897;t Chuy&#234;n gia T&#432; v&#7845;n S&#7919;a m&#7865; Qu&#7889;c t&#7871; (IBCLC) kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7845;p ph&#233;p k&#234; toa thu&#7889;c, do &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng thay th&#7871; &#253; ki&#7871;n c&#7911;a b&#225;c s&#297; ho&#7863;c d&#432;&#7907;c s&#297;. N&#7871;u m&#7865; &#273;ang d&#249;ng thu&#7889;c ho&#7863;c c&#226;n nh&#7855;c ti&#234;m v&#7855;c xin trong th&#7901;i gian cho con b&#250;, h&#227;y trao &#273;&#7893;i v&#7899;i b&#225;c s&#297;/IBCLC c&#7911;a m&#236;nh &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#432; v&#7845;n ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng c&#7909; th&#7875;.</em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xgc_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ab1f85b-ad95-4dae-b36a-1b65a3696549_1248x832.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xgc_!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ab1f85b-ad95-4dae-b36a-1b65a3696549_1248x832.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xgc_!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ab1f85b-ad95-4dae-b36a-1b65a3696549_1248x832.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xgc_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ab1f85b-ad95-4dae-b36a-1b65a3696549_1248x832.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xgc_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ab1f85b-ad95-4dae-b36a-1b65a3696549_1248x832.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xgc_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ab1f85b-ad95-4dae-b36a-1b65a3696549_1248x832.jpeg" width="1248" height="832" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xgc_!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ab1f85b-ad95-4dae-b36a-1b65a3696549_1248x832.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xgc_!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ab1f85b-ad95-4dae-b36a-1b65a3696549_1248x832.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xgc_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ab1f85b-ad95-4dae-b36a-1b65a3696549_1248x832.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xgc_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ab1f85b-ad95-4dae-b36a-1b65a3696549_1248x832.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>R&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u m&#7865; &#273;ang cho con b&#250; lo l&#7855;ng m&#7895;i khi ph&#7843;i u&#7889;ng thu&#7889;c ho&#7863;c ti&#234;m v&#7855;c xin: li&#7879;u thu&#7889;c c&#243; v&#224;o s&#7919;a, c&#243; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n con kh&#244;ng, c&#243; ph&#7843;i cai s&#7919;a &#273;&#7875; y&#234;n t&#226;m h&#417;n kh&#244;ng? Trong ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p, c&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i l&#224; <strong>KH&#212;NG c&#7847;n cai s&#7919;a</strong>. B&#224;i n&#224;y m&#236;nh g&#7897;p l&#7841;i nh&#7919;ng g&#236; m&#236;nh bi&#7871;t v&#7873; hai ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; li&#234;n quan ch&#7863;t ch&#7869; v&#7899;i nhau: thu&#7889;c m&#7865; d&#249;ng khi cho con b&#250;, v&#224; v&#7855;c xin m&#7865; ti&#234;m khi &#273;ang cho con b&#250;.</p><p>&#272;&#226;y c&#361;ng l&#224; ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; m&#236;nh t&#7915;ng d&#7883;ch cho B&#225;c s&#297; Jack Newman trong blog ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t c&#7911;a b&#225;c. M&#236;nh l&#224; Certified Translator (NAATI) ph&#7909; tr&#225;ch ph&#7847;n d&#7883;ch thu&#7853;t blog ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t cho b&#225;c. Ai mu&#7889;n &#273;&#7885;c b&#7843;n d&#7883;ch &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911; c&#243; th&#7875; xem th&#234;m &#7903; &#273;&#226;y: <a href="https://webcuame.com/me-dung-thuoc-va-cho-con-bu/">https://webcuame.com/me-dung-thuoc-va-cho-con-bu/</a> v&#224; c&#225;c b&#224;i d&#7883;ch kh&#225;c t&#7841;i <a href="https://ibconline.ca/category/vietnamese-blog/">https://ibconline.ca/category/vietnamese-blog/</a></p><h3>Thu&#7889;c v&#224; S&#7919;a m&#7865;</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UQ4u!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2ac36c6-afa6-4c5a-8b59-40c4666286e9_2400x1792.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UQ4u!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2ac36c6-afa6-4c5a-8b59-40c4666286e9_2400x1792.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UQ4u!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2ac36c6-afa6-4c5a-8b59-40c4666286e9_2400x1792.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UQ4u!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2ac36c6-afa6-4c5a-8b59-40c4666286e9_2400x1792.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UQ4u!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2ac36c6-afa6-4c5a-8b59-40c4666286e9_2400x1792.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UQ4u!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2ac36c6-afa6-4c5a-8b59-40c4666286e9_2400x1792.jpeg" width="1456" height="1087" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UQ4u!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2ac36c6-afa6-4c5a-8b59-40c4666286e9_2400x1792.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UQ4u!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2ac36c6-afa6-4c5a-8b59-40c4666286e9_2400x1792.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UQ4u!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2ac36c6-afa6-4c5a-8b59-40c4666286e9_2400x1792.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UQ4u!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2ac36c6-afa6-4c5a-8b59-40c4666286e9_2400x1792.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>C&#226;u h&#7887;i m&#224; h&#7847;u nh&#432; m&#7865; n&#224;o c&#361;ng t&#7915;ng t&#7921; h&#7887;i: u&#7889;ng thu&#7889;c n&#224;y v&#224;o, thu&#7889;c c&#243; ti&#7871;t v&#224;o s&#7919;a v&#224; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n con kh&#244;ng?</p><p>M&#7865; S&#7919;a c&#243; bi&#7871;t, l&#432;&#7907;ng thu&#7889;c ti&#7871;t v&#224;o s&#7919;a ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u y&#7871;u t&#7889; kh&#225;c nhau, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i c&#7913; &#8220;c&#243; thu&#7889;c trong ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865;&#8221; l&#224; con s&#7869; nh&#7853;n &#273;&#7911; li&#7873;u &#273;&#225;ng k&#7875;. D&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; nh&#7919;ng nguy&#234;n t&#7855;c d&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7897;ng h&#7885;c c&#417; b&#7843;n (d&#7883;ch n&#244;m na cho d&#7877; hi&#7875;u):</p><p>1. <strong>L&#432;&#7907;ng thu&#7889;c ti&#7871;t v&#224;o s&#7919;a ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o nhi&#7873;u y&#7871;u t&#7889;</strong>. Kh&#244;ng c&#243; m&#7897;t quy t&#7855;c chung cho t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#225;c lo&#7841;i thu&#7889;c.</p><p>2. <strong>T&#7881; l&#7879; thu&#7889;c trong s&#7919;a/huy&#7871;t t&#432;&#417;ng (milk-to-plasma ratio)</strong>: t&#7881; l&#7879; n&#224;y c&#224;ng cao th&#236; thu&#7889;c c&#224;ng d&#7877; ti&#7871;t v&#224;o s&#7919;a m&#7865;.</p><p>3. <strong>Li&#7873;u tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i (Relative Infant Dose &#8211; RID)</strong> l&#224; ti&#234;u chu&#7849;n ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; &#273;&#7897; an to&#224;n c&#7911;a thu&#7889;c. RID l&#224; l&#432;&#7907;ng thu&#7889;c t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i con nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c qua s&#7919;a m&#7865; so v&#7899;i li&#7873;u m&#7865; d&#249;ng. N&#243;i chung, RID d&#432;&#7899;i 10% th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c xem l&#224; &#8220;ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c&#8221; khi cho con b&#250;. Tuy nhi&#234;n, &#273;&#226;y kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ng&#432;&#7905;ng tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i. M&#7897;t s&#7889; thu&#7889;c c&#243; RID cao h&#417;n 10% (nh&#432; metronidazole, paracetamol/acetaminophen) v&#7851;n an to&#224;n v&#236; b&#7843;n th&#226;n thu&#7889;c c&#243; &#273;&#7897;c t&#237;nh r&#7845;t th&#7845;p. N&#243;i c&#225;ch kh&#225;c, an to&#224;n ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o <strong>c&#7843; RID l&#7851;n h&#7891; s&#417; &#273;&#7897;c t&#237;nh c&#7911;a thu&#7889;c &#273;&#243;</strong>, kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; m&#7897;t con s&#7889; duy nh&#7845;t.</p><p>4. <strong>T&#237;nh kh&#7843; d&#7909;ng sinh h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng u&#7889;ng (oral bioavailability)</strong> c&#7911;a thu&#7889;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh l&#432;&#7907;ng thu&#7889;c th&#7921;c s&#7921; v&#224;o m&#225;u m&#7865;, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n nguy c&#417; cho con.</p><p>5. &#272;&#7875; thu&#7889;c ti&#7871;t v&#224;o s&#7919;a, tr&#432;&#7899;c ti&#234;n n&#243; ph&#7843;i <strong>c&#243; m&#7863;t trong m&#225;u m&#7865;</strong>.</p><p>6. &#7902; giai &#273;o&#7841;n s&#7919;a non (colostrum), n&#7891;ng &#273;&#7897; thu&#7889;c ti&#7871;t v&#224;o s&#7919;a c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#225; cao, nh&#432;ng v&#236; l&#432;&#7907;ng s&#7919;a non r&#7845;t &#237;t n&#234;n <strong>t&#7893;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng thu&#7889;c con nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i r&#7845;t th&#7845;p</strong>.</p><p>Nh&#236;n chung, ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n (kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i t&#7845;t c&#7843;) c&#225;c thu&#7889;c ti&#7871;t v&#224;o s&#7919;a m&#7865; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#225;ng k&#7875; v&#7873; m&#7863;t l&#226;m s&#224;ng. V&#7851;n c&#7847;n th&#7853;n tr&#7885;ng v&#7899;i m&#7897;t s&#7889; nh&#243;m &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t: thu&#7889;c g&#226;y m&#234;, thu&#7889;c gi&#7843;m &#273;au m&#7841;nh (opioid li&#7873;u cao), thu&#7889;c ho&#225; tr&#7883; ung th&#432;, iodine li&#7873;u cao, vitamin li&#7873;u r&#7845;t cao, v&#224; c&#225;c thu&#7889;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#7871;p v&#224;o nh&#243;m nguy c&#417; cao khi cho con b&#250;.</p><p>Thu&#7889;c d&#7877; ti&#7871;t v&#224;o s&#7919;a m&#7865; khi n&#243;: c&#243; n&#7891;ng &#273;&#7897; cao trong m&#225;u m&#7865;, tr&#7885;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng ph&#226;n t&#7917; th&#7845;p (d&#432;&#7899;i 800 Dalton), t&#237;nh b&#225;m protein huy&#7871;t t&#432;&#417;ng th&#7845;p, v&#224; d&#7877; truy&#7873;n v&#224;o n&#227;o (t&#237;nh th&#226;n d&#7847;u cao). V&#236; v&#7853;y, khi c&#243; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n, b&#225;c s&#297; th&#432;&#7901;ng &#432;u ti&#234;n thu&#7889;c c&#243; th&#7901;i gian b&#225;n th&#7843;i ng&#7855;n, t&#237;nh b&#225;m protein cao, t&#237;nh kh&#7843; d&#7909;ng sinh h&#7885;c th&#7845;p, ho&#7863;c tr&#7885;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng ph&#226;n t&#7917; cao, nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7863;c t&#237;nh khi&#7871;n thu&#7889;c kh&#243; &#8220;l&#7885;t&#8221; v&#224;o s&#7919;a h&#417;n.</p><p>M&#7897;t v&#237; d&#7909; d&#7877; h&#236;nh dung: <strong>caffeine</strong> (trong c&#224; ph&#234;). &#7902; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n, caffeine c&#243; th&#7901;i gian b&#225;n th&#7843;i kho&#7843;ng 5 ti&#7871;ng. Nh&#432;ng &#7903; tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh, con s&#7889; n&#224;y l&#234;n t&#7899;i kho&#7843;ng <strong>97,5 ti&#7871;ng</strong>; b&#233; 3&#8211;5 th&#225;ng kho&#7843;ng <strong>14 ti&#7871;ng</strong>; v&#224; b&#233; tr&#234;n 6 th&#225;ng ch&#7881; c&#242;n kho&#7843;ng <strong>2,6 ti&#7871;ng</strong>. G&#7847;n b&#7857;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n. &#272;&#243; l&#224; l&#253; do v&#236; sao d&#249; r&#7845;t th&#232;m c&#224; ph&#234;, m&#236;nh c&#361;ng r&#225;ng h&#7841;n ch&#7871; cho t&#7899;i khi con b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u &#259;n d&#7863;m, th&#7881;nh tho&#7843;ng m&#7899;i nh&#7845;p th&#7917; m&#7897;t ng&#7909;m nh&#7887;.</p><h3>Ti&#234;m v&#7855;c xin khi &#273;ang cho con b&#250;</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jrBc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7415f7fd-b182-42ca-9d5e-3e7126390377_2528x1696.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jrBc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7415f7fd-b182-42ca-9d5e-3e7126390377_2528x1696.jpeg" width="1456" height="977" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jrBc!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7415f7fd-b182-42ca-9d5e-3e7126390377_2528x1696.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jrBc!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7415f7fd-b182-42ca-9d5e-3e7126390377_2528x1696.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jrBc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7415f7fd-b182-42ca-9d5e-3e7126390377_2528x1696.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jrBc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7415f7fd-b182-42ca-9d5e-3e7126390377_2528x1696.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; ph&#7847;n nhi&#7873;u m&#7865; quan t&#226;m v&#224; c&#361;ng d&#7877; hoang mang nh&#7845;t, v&#236; th&#244;ng tin tr&#225;i chi&#7873;u tr&#234;n m&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u.</p><p>Tr&#432;&#7899;c khi &#273;i v&#224;o chi ti&#7871;t, m&#236;nh xin tr&#237;ch m&#7897;t &#273;o&#7841;n trong cu&#7889;n <em>Milk Matters</em> c&#7911;a t&#225;c gi&#7843; Maureen Minchin, m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng cu&#7889;n s&#225;ch n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng v&#7873; sinh h&#7885;c s&#7919;a m&#7865;:</p><p><em>&#8220;T&#244;i &#7911;ng h&#7897; v&#7855;c-xin. N&#243; &#273;&#227; c&#7913;u h&#224;ng tri&#7879;u m&#7841;ng s&#7889;ng. Tuy nhi&#234;n, v&#7851;n c&#243; nhi&#7873;u th&#7913; m&#224; ch&#250;ng ta kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t v&#7873; n&#243;. Quan ni&#7879;m cho r&#7857;ng hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; c&#7911;a v&#7855;c xin l&#224; c&#243; m&#7909;c ti&#234;u c&#7909; th&#7875;, nh&#432;ng vi&#7879;c v&#7855;c xin c&#361;ng c&#243; nh&#7919;ng hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; kh&#244;ng c&#7909; th&#7875; &#273;ang n&#7893;i l&#234;n. R&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; m&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i ta &#273;ang kh&#225;m ph&#225; l&#224; r&#7845;t t&#237;ch c&#7921;c, ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng s&#417; kh&#7903;i r&#7857;ng v&#7855;c xin ng&#7915;a s&#7903;i l&#7841;i l&#224;m gi&#7843;m t&#7917; vong cho nh&#7919;ng b&#7879;nh kh&#225;c ngo&#224;i b&#7879;nh s&#7903;i, v&#224; v&#7855;c xin BCG &#8212; v&#7889;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7841;o ra &#273;&#7875; ch&#7889;ng l&#7841;i b&#7879;nh lao ph&#7893;i (tuberculosis) &#8212; l&#7841;i k&#237;ch th&#237;ch ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch ch&#7889;ng l&#7841;i ung th&#432; b&#224;ng quang. V&#7855;c-xin, c&#361;ng nh&#432; nh&#7919;ng ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; kh&#225;c, c&#361;ng c&#243; nh&#7919;ng ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng ph&#7909;, t&#7889;t ho&#7863;c x&#7845;u; ch&#250;ng c&#243; th&#7875; thay &#273;&#7893;i h&#7879; mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch c&#225; nh&#226;n b&#7857;ng nhi&#7873;u c&#225;ch ngo&#224;i c&#225;ch &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#7921; &#273;&#7883;nh. Nh&#432;ng nh&#236;n chung th&#236; ch&#250;ng &#273;em l&#7841;i ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n vi&#7879;c t&#7889;t h&#417;n l&#224; x&#7845;u, v&#224; vi&#7879;c ti&#234;m ng&#7915;a cho tr&#7867; nh&#7887; l&#224; m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng c&#225;ch hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; nh&#7845;t.&#8221; (Milk Matters, trang 126)</em></p><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n, hi&#7879;u &#7913;ng &#8220;kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7863;c hi&#7879;u&#8221; c&#7911;a v&#7855;c xin s&#7903;i v&#224; BCG m&#224; Minchin nh&#7855;c t&#7899;i v&#7851;n &#273;ang l&#224; <strong>l&#297;nh v&#7921;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#273;ang ti&#7871;p di&#7877;n</strong>. T&#7893; ch&#7913;c Y t&#7871; Th&#7871; gi&#7899;i (WHO SAGE, 2014) &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i &#7903; m&#7913;c &#8220;&#273;&#7897; tin c&#7853;y th&#7845;p&#8221; v&#224; ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7875; thay &#273;&#7893;i khuy&#7871;n c&#225;o ti&#234;m ch&#7911;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng quy. C&#242;n vi&#7879;c d&#249;ng BCG &#273;&#7875; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; ung th&#432; b&#224;ng quang l&#224; m&#7897;t &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng y khoa kh&#225;c (ti&#234;m tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p v&#224;o b&#224;ng quang cho b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n &#273;&#227; c&#243; ung th&#432;), kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#8220;t&#225;c d&#7909;ng ph&#7909;&#8221; t&#236;nh c&#7901; c&#7911;a m&#361;i ti&#234;m ph&#242;ng lao th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng.</p><h3>M&#7897;t ch&#250;t l&#7883;ch s&#7917;</h3><p>B&#7879;nh &#273;&#7853;u m&#249;a (smallpox), c&#259;n b&#7879;nh t&#7915;ng gi&#7871;t ch&#7871;t h&#224;ng tr&#259;m tri&#7879;u ng&#432;&#7901;i, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c WHO tuy&#234;n b&#7889; xo&#225; s&#7893; ho&#224;n to&#224;n v&#224;o n&#259;m 1980, nh&#7901; chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch ti&#234;m ch&#7911;ng to&#224;n c&#7847;u d&#7921;a tr&#234;n nguy&#234;n l&#253; v&#7855;c xin m&#224; b&#225;c s&#297; ng&#432;&#7901;i Anh Edward Jenner ph&#225;t minh t&#7915; n&#259;m 1796. &#272;&#7853;u m&#249;a c&#243; &#273;&#7897;c l&#7921;c kh&#7911;ng khi&#7871;p &#273;&#7871;n m&#7913;c c&#243; &#432;&#7899;c t&#237;nh minh ho&#7841; kh&#225; n&#7893;i ti&#7871;ng trong gi&#7899;i khoa h&#7885;c ph&#7893; th&#244;ng: ch&#7881; c&#7847;n m&#7897;t l&#432;&#7907;ng virus nh&#7887; c&#7905; m&#7897;t mu&#7895;ng c&#224; ph&#234; c&#361;ng &#273;&#7911; s&#7913;c l&#226;y nhi&#7877;m cho g&#7847;n nh&#432; to&#224;n b&#7897; nh&#226;n lo&#7841;i n&#7871;u ph&#225;t t&#225;n &#273;&#7891;ng &#273;&#7873;u (&#273;&#226;y l&#224; h&#236;nh &#7843;nh minh ho&#7841; m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; nguy hi&#7875;m, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i m&#7897;t con s&#7889; d&#7883;ch t&#7877; &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#237;nh x&#225;c).</p><p>Phong tr&#224;o ph&#7843;n &#273;&#7889;i ti&#234;m ch&#7911;ng kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i chuy&#7879;n m&#7899;i. &#272;&#7907;t d&#7883;ch &#273;&#7853;u m&#249;a t&#7841;i Gloucester (Anh) n&#259;m 1896, m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng th&#224;nh tr&#236; m&#7841;nh nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a phong tr&#224;o ph&#7843;n &#273;&#7889;i v&#7855;c xin th&#7901;i &#273;&#243;, &#273;&#227; khi&#7871;n h&#417;n 2.000 ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7855;c b&#7879;nh trong v&#242;ng v&#224;i th&#225;ng.<span>  </span>&#272;&#250;ng nh&#432; nh&#224; mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch h&#7885;c Matthew Woodruff (&#272;&#7841;i h&#7885;c Emory) vi&#7871;t tr&#234;n Public Health Post n&#259;m 2019: ti&#234;m ch&#7911;ng kh&#244;ng &#273;&#417;n thu&#7847;n l&#224; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n ch&#259;m s&#243;c s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e c&#225; nh&#226;n, m&#224; l&#224; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh c&#7911;a c&#7843; c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng nh&#7857;m b&#7843;o v&#7879; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#7877; t&#7893;n th&#432;&#417;ng nh&#7845;t.</p><h3>V&#7853;y khi m&#7865; ti&#234;m v&#7855;c xin, c&#225;i g&#236; th&#7853;t s&#7921; truy&#7873;n v&#224;o s&#7919;a?</h3><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; c&#226;u h&#7887;i c&#7889;t l&#245;i. Khi v&#7855;c xin v&#224;o c&#417; th&#7875;, n&#243; k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t h&#7879; mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch c&#7911;a m&#7865; t&#7841;o ra <strong>kh&#225;ng th&#7875; (antibodies)</strong> ch&#7889;ng l&#7841;i t&#225;c nh&#226;n g&#226;y b&#7879;nh. V&#224; kh&#225;ng th&#7875; ch&#237;nh l&#224; th&#7913; c&#243; th&#7875; truy&#7873;n qua s&#7919;a m&#7865;. Ch&#7859;ng ph&#7843;i &#273;&#226;y c&#361;ng ch&#237;nh l&#224; l&#253; do m&#7865; cho con b&#250;, &#273;&#7875; con nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7921; b&#7843;o v&#7879; mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch t&#7915; m&#7865; hay sao?</p><p>L&#7845;y v&#237; d&#7909; v&#7855;c xin mRNA COVID-19, lo&#7841;i v&#7855;c xin &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u k&#7929; nh&#7845;t v&#7873; kh&#237;a c&#7841;nh n&#224;y trong v&#224;i n&#259;m qua. Theo Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed&#174;, c&#417; s&#7903; d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7911;a Vi&#7879;n Y t&#7871; Qu&#7889;c gia Hoa K&#7923;, c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t 2026): <strong>mRNA c&#7911;a v&#7855;c xin kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n trong m&#225;u c&#7911;a b&#7845;t k&#7923; tr&#7867; b&#250; m&#7865; n&#224;o</strong> trong c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u; mRNA c&#243; th&#7901;i gian b&#225;n th&#7843;i trong huy&#7871;t thanh m&#7865; ch&#7881; kho&#7843;ng 8&#8211;10 ti&#7871;ng v&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#242;n ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c trong s&#7919;a qu&#225; 48 ti&#7871;ng sau ti&#234;m. Th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n kh&#225;c nh&#432; h&#7841;t nano lipid (PEG) c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng t&#236;m th&#7845;y trong s&#7919;a m&#7865; hay &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#7845;p thu qua &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng u&#7889;ng. Trong khi &#273;&#243;, <strong>kh&#225;ng th&#7875; ch&#7889;ng virus th&#236; c&#243; truy&#7873;n v&#224;o s&#7919;a</strong> v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#250;p b&#7843;o v&#7879; con.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zPs3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0d31f651-7192-4182-a590-feaad8f74a39_2400x1792.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zPs3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0d31f651-7192-4182-a590-feaad8f74a39_2400x1792.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zPs3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0d31f651-7192-4182-a590-feaad8f74a39_2400x1792.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zPs3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0d31f651-7192-4182-a590-feaad8f74a39_2400x1792.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zPs3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0d31f651-7192-4182-a590-feaad8f74a39_2400x1792.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zPs3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0d31f651-7192-4182-a590-feaad8f74a39_2400x1792.jpeg" width="1456" height="1087" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zPs3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0d31f651-7192-4182-a590-feaad8f74a39_2400x1792.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zPs3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0d31f651-7192-4182-a590-feaad8f74a39_2400x1792.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zPs3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0d31f651-7192-4182-a590-feaad8f74a39_2400x1792.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zPs3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0d31f651-7192-4182-a590-feaad8f74a39_2400x1792.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>Con nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7921; b&#7843;o v&#7879; (kh&#225;ng th&#7875;), ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng nh&#7853;n &#8220;v&#7855;c xin&#8221;</strong>. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; c&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i khoa h&#7885;c tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p nh&#7845;t cho n&#7895;i lo &#8220;ti&#234;m v&#224;o m&#7865; c&#243; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n con kh&#244;ng&#8221;.</p><p>M&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u s&#7899;m v&#224; quy m&#244; l&#7899;n g&#243;p ph&#7847;n tr&#7845;n an nhi&#7873;u m&#7865; l&#224; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#7911;a Shimabukuro v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; (&#273;&#259;ng tr&#234;n <em>New England Journal of Medicine</em>, 2021), theo d&#245;i h&#417;n 35.000 ng&#432;&#7901;i mang thai &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng gi&#225;m s&#225;t v-safe sau khi ti&#234;m v&#7855;c xin mRNA COVID-19. Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u ghi nh&#7853;n ng&#432;&#7901;i mang thai c&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng &#273;au t&#7841;i ch&#7895; ti&#234;m nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n, nh&#432;ng c&#225;c ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng to&#224;n th&#226;n nh&#432; &#273;au &#273;&#7847;u, &#273;au c&#417;, s&#7889;t l&#7841;i g&#7863;p &#237;t h&#417;n so v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#244;ng mang thai. Nh&#236;n chung, kh&#244;ng ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n t&#237;n hi&#7879;u an to&#224;n b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng n&#224;o. T&#7915; &#273;&#243; &#273;&#7871;n nay, nhi&#7873;u t&#7893; ch&#7913;c y t&#7871; l&#7899;n (trong &#273;&#243; c&#243; Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine, ABM) &#273;&#7873;u kh&#7859;ng &#273;&#7883;nh <strong>kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ng&#432;ng cho con b&#250; sau khi ti&#234;m v&#7855;c xin COVID-19</strong>, v&#224; l&#7907;i &#237;ch c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c ti&#234;m ch&#7911;ng (bao g&#7891;m c&#7843; kh&#225;ng th&#7875; truy&#7873;n qua s&#7919;a) th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#7899;n h&#417;n nhi&#7873;u so v&#7899;i r&#7911;i ro l&#253; thuy&#7871;t.</p><h3>Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i v&#7855;c xin n&#224;o c&#361;ng gi&#7889;ng nhau</h3><p>&#272;i&#7873;u quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7847;n nh&#7899;: kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i c&#7913; ti&#234;m v&#7855;c xin n&#224;o c&#361;ng an to&#224;n tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i nh&#432; nhau khi &#273;ang cho con b&#250;, v&#7851;n c&#243; m&#7897;t s&#7889; ngo&#7841;i l&#7879; c&#7847;n l&#432;u &#253; c&#7909; th&#7875;. V&#237; d&#7909;, <strong>v&#7855;c xin s&#7889;t v&#224;ng da (yellow fever)</strong> l&#224; m&#7897;t tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t: n&#7871;u con d&#432;&#7899;i 9 th&#225;ng tu&#7893;i (&#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; d&#432;&#7899;i 1 th&#225;ng), m&#7865; <strong>kh&#244;ng n&#234;n ti&#234;m</strong> v&#7855;c xin n&#224;y trong th&#7901;i gian cho con b&#250;, v&#236; &#273;&#227; ghi nh&#7853;n m&#7897;t v&#224;i ca vi&#234;m n&#227;o hi&#7871;m g&#7863;p &#7903; tr&#7867; b&#250; m&#7865; ho&#224;n to&#224;n c&#243; m&#7865; m&#7899;i ti&#234;m v&#7855;c xin. N&#7871;u b&#7855;t bu&#7897;c ph&#7843;i ti&#234;m (v&#237; d&#7909; v&#236; l&#253; do c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c/du l&#7883;ch &#273;&#7871;n v&#249;ng d&#7883;ch t&#7877; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; tr&#236; ho&#227;n), m&#7897;t s&#7889; chuy&#234;n gia khuy&#234;n n&#234;n t&#7841;m ng&#432;ng cho b&#250; v&#224; v&#7855;t b&#7887; s&#7919;a trong kho&#7843;ng 2 tu&#7847;n r&#7891;i m&#7899;i cho b&#250; l&#7841;i, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i cai s&#7919;a v&#297;nh vi&#7877;n.</p><p>&#272;&#226;y ch&#237;nh l&#224; l&#253; do v&#236; sao khi c&#243; b&#7845;t k&#7923; b&#259;n kho&#259;n n&#224;o v&#7873; m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i v&#7855;c xin c&#7909; th&#7875;, m&#7865; n&#234;n h&#7887;i tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p b&#225;c s&#297; ho&#7863;c IBCLC c&#7911;a m&#236;nh, thay v&#236; &#225;p d&#7909;ng m&#7897;t quy t&#7855;c chung cho t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#225;c lo&#7841;i v&#7855;c xin.</p><h3>L&#7901;i k&#7871;t</h3><p>Quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh ti&#234;m hay kh&#244;ng ti&#234;m v&#7855;c xin, d&#249;ng hay kh&#244;ng d&#249;ng m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i thu&#7889;c n&#224;o &#273;&#243; trong th&#7901;i gian cho con b&#250;, ch&#432;a bao gi&#7901; l&#224; m&#7897;t quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n v&#7899;i b&#7845;t k&#7923; ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; n&#224;o. Ai c&#361;ng c&#243; n&#7895;i lo ri&#234;ng, v&#224; kh&#244;ng ai &#273;&#225;ng b&#7883; ch&#234; tr&#225;ch v&#236; s&#7921; th&#7853;n tr&#7885;ng &#273;&#243;. M&#236;nh vi&#7871;t b&#224;i n&#224;y kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7875; thuy&#7871;t ph&#7909;c m&#7865; ch&#7885;n theo m&#7897;t h&#432;&#7899;ng n&#224;o, m&#224; mong m&#7865; c&#243; &#273;&#7911; th&#244;ng tin khoa h&#7885;c th&#7853;t (thay v&#236; tin &#273;&#7891;n hay &#7849;n d&#7909; gi&#7853;t g&#226;n) &#273;&#7875; t&#7921; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;i&#7873;u ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i ho&#224;n c&#7843;nh c&#7911;a m&#236;nh, c&#249;ng v&#7899;i s&#7921; t&#432; v&#7845;n c&#7911;a b&#225;c s&#297; v&#224; IBCLC.</p><h1>T&#224;i li&#7879;u tham kh&#7843;o</h1><p>1. Anderson PO, Sauberan JB. Modeling drug passage into human milk. Clinical Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics. 2016;100(1):42-52. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.377">10.1002/cpt.377</a>.</p><p>2. Hale TW. <a href="https://www.springerpub.com/hale-s-medications-mothers-milk-2025-2026-9780826100207.html">Medications &amp; Mothers&#8217; Milk</a>, &#7845;n b&#7843;n 2025&#8211;2026 (21st ed.): An Essential Reference Manual on the Transmission of Medicine into Breast Milk.</p><p>3. World Health Organization &#8211; Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE). Non-specific effects of vaccines (b&#225;o c&#225;o phi&#234;n h&#7885;p th&#225;ng 4/2014). <a href="https://terrance.who.int/mediacentre/data/sage/SAGE_Docs_Ppt_Apr2014/9_session_non-specific_vaccine_effects/Apr2014_session9_non-specific_vaccine_effects.pdf">terrance.who.int</a>.</p><p>4. Higgins JPT, Soares-Weiser K, L&#243;pez-L&#243;pez JA, et al. Association of BCG, DTP, and measles containing vaccines with childhood mortality: systematic review. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i5170">BMJ. 2016;355:i5170</a>.</p><p>5. 1896 Gloucester smallpox epidemic. D&#7851;n theo b&#225;o c&#225;o Ngh&#7883; vi&#7879;n Anh <a href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1896/aug/13/smallpox-epidemic-gloucester">(Hansard), 13/8/1896</a>.</p><p>6. Immunize.org. Ask the Experts: Yellow Fever (khuy&#7871;n c&#225;o ACIP v&#7873; v&#7855;c xin s&#7889;t v&#224;ng da v&#224; cho con b&#250;). <a href="https://www.immunize.org/ask-experts/topic/yellow-fever/">immunize.org</a>.</p><p>7. Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed&#174;) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; 2006&#8211;. COVID-19 Vaccines. C&#7853;p nh&#7853;t 15/06/2026. NCBI Bookshelf ID: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK565969/">NBK565969</a>.</p><p>8. Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine. ABM Statement: Considerations for COVID-19 Vaccination in Lactation. C&#244;ng b&#7889; 14/12/2020. <a href="https://www.bfmed.org/abm-statement-considerations-for-covid-19-vaccination-in-lactation">bfmed.org</a>.</p><p>9. Shimabukuro TT, Kim SY, Myers TR, et al. Preliminary Findings of mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine Safety in Pregnant Persons. New England Journal of Medicine. 2021;384(24):2273-2282. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2104983">10.1056/NEJMoa2104983</a>.</p><p>10. Perl SH, Uzan-Yulzari A, Klainer H, et al. SARS-CoV-2&#8211;Specific Antibodies in Breast Milk After COVID-19 Vaccination of Breastfeeding Women. JAMA. 2021;325(19):2013-2014. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.5782">10.1001/jama.2021.5782</a>.</p><p>11. Minchin M. Milk Matters: Infant Feeding and Immune Disorder, trang 126.</p><p>12. Woodruff M. Vaccination Is Not a Personal Healthcare Choice. <a href="https://publichealthpost.org/disease/vaccination-is-not-a-personal-healthcare-choice/">Public Health Post</a>, 19/07/2019.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe"><span>&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Đằng sau hình ảnh người mẹ cho con bú là một câu chuyện]]></title><description><![CDATA[1.]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/ang-sau-hinh-anh-nguoi-me-cho-con</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/ang-sau-hinh-anh-nguoi-me-cho-con</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:14:47 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wKhf!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6594174-41a5-4ed8-8058-f0afdfc1b43f_2048x2048.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wKhf!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6594174-41a5-4ed8-8058-f0afdfc1b43f_2048x2048.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wKhf!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6594174-41a5-4ed8-8058-f0afdfc1b43f_2048x2048.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wKhf!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6594174-41a5-4ed8-8058-f0afdfc1b43f_2048x2048.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wKhf!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6594174-41a5-4ed8-8058-f0afdfc1b43f_2048x2048.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wKhf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6594174-41a5-4ed8-8058-f0afdfc1b43f_2048x2048.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wKhf!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6594174-41a5-4ed8-8058-f0afdfc1b43f_2048x2048.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wKhf!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6594174-41a5-4ed8-8058-f0afdfc1b43f_2048x2048.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wKhf!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6594174-41a5-4ed8-8058-f0afdfc1b43f_2048x2048.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wKhf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6594174-41a5-4ed8-8058-f0afdfc1b43f_2048x2048.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><h3><strong>1. C&#226;u chuy&#7879;n th&#7913; nh&#7845;t</strong></h3><p>N&#259;m 2019, Lisa Bridger, m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; &#7903; Adelaide (&#218;c) khi &#273;&#243; 46 tu&#7893;i, &#273;&#227; b&#7883; g&#7885;i l&#224; &#8216;&#7845;u d&#226;m&#8217; khi chia s&#7867; tr&#234;n Kidspot r&#7857;ng c&#244; &#7845;y v&#7851;n nu&#244;i b&#250; song song hai &#273;&#7913;a con trai c&#7911;a m&#236;nh, 7 tu&#7893;i v&#224; 4 tu&#7893;i. Ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; c&#7911;a 5 &#273;&#7913;a con n&#243;i r&#7857;ng &#273;&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n l&#224;nh m&#7841;nh v&#224; l&#224; c&#225;ch &#273;&#7875; xoa d&#7883;u hai &#273;&#7913;a con trai b&#7883; t&#7921; k&#7927; c&#7911;a m&#236;nh.</p><p>Trong m&#7897;t b&#7913;c th&#432; ng&#7887; g&#7917;i cho trang web v&#7873; nu&#244;i d&#7841;y con c&#225;i, Bridger n&#243;i r&#7857;ng c&#244; &#7845;y &#273;&#227; nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng l&#7901;i s&#7881; nh&#7909;c &#8216;kh&#244;ng th&#7875; ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c&#8217;.</p><p>&#8216;G&#7917;i nh&#7919;ng con ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh n&#243;i r&#7857;ng t&#244;i b&#7879;nh ho&#7841;n v&#224; c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#250;p &#273;&#7905;, ch&#7859;ng c&#243; g&#236; sai v&#7899;i t&#244;i c&#7843;; t&#244;i ch&#7881; &#273;ang l&#224;m nh&#7919;ng g&#236; t&#7921; nhi&#234;n m&#224; th&#244;i,&#8217; c&#244; vi&#7871;t.</p><p>&#8216;&#272;&#243; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; m&#7897;t h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng khi&#234;u d&#226;m. T&#244;i kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; m&#7897;t k&#7867; &#7845;u d&#226;m nh&#432; nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#243;i.&#8217;</p><p>&#8216;Xem nh&#7919;ng g&#236; m&#224; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n c&#225;c ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7881; nh&#7909;c t&#244;i, b&#7843;o t&#244;i n&#234;n c&#7847;n l&#224;m g&#236; &#273;&#7875; c&#225;c ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#7843;m th&#7845;y tho&#7843;i m&#225;i m&#224; vi&#7879;c &#7845;y l&#7841;i l&#7845;n l&#432;&#7899;t qua chuy&#7879;n gi&#250;p con t&#244;i c&#7843;m th&#7845;y d&#7877; ch&#7883;u, t&#244;i c&#243; th&#7875; hi&#7875;u t&#7841;i sao ng&#224;y nay l&#7841;i c&#243; nhi&#7873;u tr&#7867; em b&#7883; b&#7855;t n&#7841;t nh&#432; v&#7853;y.&#8221;</p><p>Trong b&#224;i &#273;&#259;ng c&#7911;a m&#236;nh tr&#234;n Kidspot, c&#244; vi&#7871;t r&#7857;ng h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7921; nhi&#234;n n&#224;y tr&#225;nh cho con c&#244; ph&#7843;i u&#7889;ng thu&#7889;c, b&#7903;i v&#236; &#8216;cho con b&#250; gi&#250;p con b&#236;nh t&#297;nh v&#224; l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch tuy&#7879;t v&#7901;i &#273;&#7875; k&#7871;t n&#7889;i l&#7841;i v&#7899;i con&#8217;</p><p>T&#7893; ch&#7913;c Y t&#7871; Th&#7871; gi&#7899;i (WHO) &#273;&#432;a ra nhi&#7873;u h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n v&#7873; vi&#7879;c cho con b&#250;, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7873; ngh&#7883; gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n &#7903; &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i n&#224;o th&#236; n&#234;n cho con th&#244;i b&#250;.</p><p>Ngu&#7891;n: <a href="https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/lifestyle/2019/01/mother-accused-of-paedophilia-for-breastfeeding-seven-year-old-son.html">Newshub </a> v&#224; <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-01-23/adelaide-mum-speaks-out-against-trolls-over-breastfeeding/10735812">ABC News </a></p><h3><strong>2. C&#226;u chuy&#7879;n th&#7913; hai</strong></h3><p>Sharon Spink, m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; ng&#432;&#7901;i Anh cho con g&#225;i b&#250; &#273;&#7871;n 9 tu&#7893;i v&#224; c&#361;ng b&#7883; g&#7885;i l&#224; &#7845;u d&#226;m. C&#244; c&#242;n b&#7883; nh&#7853;n x&#233;t b&#7857;ng nh&#7919;ng t&#7915; ng&#7919; nh&#432; &#8216;&#237;ch k&#7927;&#8217;, &#8216;k&#7923; qu&#225;i&#8217;, &#8216;g&#7899;m&#8217;, &#8216;t&#7903;m&#8217;, &#8216;l&#7841;m d&#7909;ng tr&#7867; em&#8217;. Th&#7853;t ra c&#244; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7871;t &#273;&#7871;n v&#224;o n&#259;m 2014 khi chia s&#7867; c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n cho con b&#250; c&#7911;a m&#236;nh tr&#234;n Daily Mail v&#224; New York Post, khi &#273;&#243; b&#233; Charlotte &#273;&#227; b&#250; m&#7865; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c 5 n&#259;m.</p><p>Ngo&#224;i Charlotte ra th&#236; Sharon c&#242;n c&#243; 3 &#273;&#7913;a con n&#7919;a. C&#226;u chuy&#7879;n cho b&#250; d&#224;i l&#226;u b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u khi Isobel, ch&#7883; c&#7911;a Charlotte b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u s&#7909;t c&#226;n v&#224;o th&#225;ng th&#7913; 4 v&#224; Sharon &#273;&#227; d&#249;ng s&#7919;a c&#244;ng th&#7913;c &#273;&#7875; b&#7893; sung cho con. &#8220;Nh&#7901; &#273;&#243; m&#224; t&#244;i nh&#7853;n ra r&#7857;ng t&#244;i mu&#7889;n cho &#273;&#7913;a con k&#7871; ti&#7871;p b&#250; l&#226;u h&#417;n n&#7919;a. T&#244;i th&#237;ch c&#225;i suy ngh&#297; x&#226;y d&#7921;ng m&#7897;t s&#7921; g&#7855;n k&#7871;t g&#7847;n g&#361;i h&#417;n v&#7899;i con.&#8221;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S5hM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc00bbdfe-833d-4c4e-8cb3-286bb90ec439_2048x2048.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S5hM!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc00bbdfe-833d-4c4e-8cb3-286bb90ec439_2048x2048.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S5hM!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc00bbdfe-833d-4c4e-8cb3-286bb90ec439_2048x2048.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S5hM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc00bbdfe-833d-4c4e-8cb3-286bb90ec439_2048x2048.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S5hM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc00bbdfe-833d-4c4e-8cb3-286bb90ec439_2048x2048.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S5hM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc00bbdfe-833d-4c4e-8cb3-286bb90ec439_2048x2048.jpeg" width="1456" height="1456" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S5hM!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc00bbdfe-833d-4c4e-8cb3-286bb90ec439_2048x2048.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S5hM!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc00bbdfe-833d-4c4e-8cb3-286bb90ec439_2048x2048.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S5hM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc00bbdfe-833d-4c4e-8cb3-286bb90ec439_2048x2048.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S5hM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc00bbdfe-833d-4c4e-8cb3-286bb90ec439_2048x2048.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>M&#7863;c d&#249; c&#243; nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#7881; tr&#237;ch, nh&#432;ng c&#244; c&#361;ng c&#243; m&#7897;t l&#432;&#7907;ng &#7911;ng h&#7897; &#273;&#225;ng k&#7875;. Trong &#273;&#243; c&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i vi&#7871;t r&#7857;ng &#8216;M&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7909; n&#7919; cho CH&#205;NH CON M&#204;NH b&#250; l&#224; sai v&#236; &#273;&#7913;a con kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; em b&#233; n&#7919;a, nh&#432;ng vi&#7879;c ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n u&#7889;ng s&#7919;a c&#7911;a m&#7897;t con b&#242; m&#7865; l&#7841;i kh&#244;ng c&#243; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; g&#236; l&#224; sao? Ch&#250;a &#417;i, &#273;&#244;i khi lo&#224;i ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7853;t l&#224; k&#7923; c&#7909;c.&#8221; M&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c vi&#7871;t &#8216;S&#7921; ph&#225;n x&#233;t c&#7911;a x&#227; h&#7897;i th&#7853;t l&#224; kinh t&#7903;m. T&#7893; ch&#7913;c Y t&#7871; Th&#7871; gi&#7899;i khuy&#7871;n ngh&#7883; cho con b&#250; cho &#273;&#7871;n T&#7888;I THI&#7874;U l&#224; hai n&#259;m&#8230; T&#7841;i sao c&#225;c ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7841;i th&#7845;y c&#243; nhu c&#7847;u ph&#225;n x&#233;t c&#244; &#7845;y nh&#7881;?&#8221;</p><p>Theo nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#7911;a m&#7897;t nh&#224; nh&#226;n ch&#7911;ng h&#7885;c c&#7911;a &#272;&#7841;i h&#7885;c Texas A&amp;M, tu&#7893;i cai s&#7919;a sinh h&#7885;c c&#7911;a lo&#224;i ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224; t&#7915; 2,5 &#273;&#7871;n 7 tu&#7893;i, v&#7899;i th&#7901;i gian trung b&#236;nh l&#224; 4.3 tu&#7893;i.</p><p>Leigh Anne O&#8217;Connor, m&#7897;t chuy&#234;n gia t&#432; v&#7845;n s&#7919;a m&#7865; t&#7841;i New York, n&#243;i r&#7857;ng &#8216;Th&#7853;t t&#224;n nh&#7851;n khi ng&#432;&#7901;i ta g&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7909; n&#7919; n&#224;y l&#224; m&#7897;t k&#7867; &#7845;u d&#226;m.&#8217; Trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh l&#224;m vi&#7879;c c&#7911;a m&#236;nh, c&#244; c&#243; h&#7895; tr&#7907; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; cho con b&#250; t&#7899;i 6 n&#259;m v&#224; bi&#7871;t c&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; cho c&#225;c con m&#236;nh b&#250; cho t&#7899;i 8 tu&#7893;i. &#8216;Ch&#237;n tu&#7893;i &#273;&#250;ng l&#224; c&#243; l&#7899;n h&#417;n ti&#234;u chu&#7849;n sinh h&#7885;c, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#243;.&#8217;</p><p>C&#244; n&#243;i th&#234;m &#8216;V&#259;n h&#243;a ph&#432;&#417;ng T&#226;y c&#243; m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p v&#7899;i b&#7897; ng&#7921;c. Ch&#250;ng ta d&#249;ng b&#7897; ng&#7921;c &#273;&#7875; b&#225;n xe h&#417;i v&#224; r&#432;&#7907;u bia, nh&#432;ng khi b&#7847;u v&#250; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; cho con b&#250; th&#236; ng&#432;&#7901;i ta l&#7841;i c&#7843;m th&#7845;y kh&#243; ch&#7883;u.&#8221;</p><p>N&#243;i v&#7873; tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p c&#7911;a m&#7865; con Spink, O&#8217;Connor chia s&#7867; r&#7857;ng cho t&#7899;i nay c&#244; ch&#432;a bi&#7871;t l&#224; c&#243; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u xu&#7845;t b&#7843;n n&#224;o n&#243;i v&#7873; nh&#7919;ng r&#7911;i ro khi cho con b&#250; l&#226;u nh&#432; v&#7853;y hay kh&#244;ng, nh&#432;ng nh&#7919;ng l&#7907;i &#237;ch l&#224; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch cao c&#7911;a Charlotte v&#224; s&#7921; g&#7855;n b&#243; ch&#7863;t ch&#7869; c&#7911;a hai m&#7865; con h&#7885;.</p><p>Ngu&#7891;n: <a href="https://www.itv.com/thismorning/articles/i-still-breastfeed-my-five-year-old-sharon-spink">ITV This Morning</a> v&#224; <a href="https://sg.news.yahoo.com/mom-criticized-breastfeeding-9-year-old-nice-child-control-222342147.html">Yahoo News </a></p><h3><strong>3. C&#226;u chuy&#7879;n th&#7913; ba &#8211; Sophie Emma Rose</strong></h3><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n g&#245; Sophie Emma Rose, m&#7897;t blogger r&#7845;t n&#7893;i ti&#7871;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i Anh v&#236; cho con b&#250; t&#7899;i 4 tu&#7893;i (th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m c&#244; &#7845;y n&#7893;i ti&#7871;ng nh&#7845;t), th&#236; s&#7869; t&#236;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u b&#224;i b&#225;o v&#7873; c&#244;, trong &#273;&#243; c&#243; nhi&#7873;u b&#236;nh lu&#7853;n n&#243;i r&#7857;ng c&#244; cho con trai b&#250; l&#224; k&#237;ch d&#7909;c cho con. C&#244; &#273;&#259;ng t&#7843;i nhi&#7873;u video cho con b&#250; tr&#234;n k&#234;nh Youtube c&#7911;a m&#236;nh l&#224; Sophie&#8217;s Joy Family Vlog.</p><p>Th&#7853;t kh&#244;ng may, Sophie &#273;&#227; qua &#273;&#7901;i trong m&#7897;t tai n&#7841;n giao th&#244;ng &#7903; Th&#225;i Lan v&#224;o n&#259;m 2017 khi &#273;ang mang thai 6 th&#225;ng, Shaye &#8211; con trai l&#7899;n &#8211; khi &#7845;y m&#7899;i 5 tu&#7893;i.</p><p>Kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7915;ng ch&#7881; tr&#237;ch Sophie v&#236; k&#237;ch d&#7909;c con trai khi cho con b&#250; s&#7869; ngh&#297; g&#236; v&#7873; &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867;? N&#243; s&#7869; nh&#7899; v&#7873; m&#7865; v&#236; nh&#7919;ng l&#250;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#244;m &#7845;p v&#224; k&#7871;t n&#7889;i b&#234;n b&#7847;u v&#250; m&#7865;, hay l&#224; n&#243; s&#7869; nh&#7899; c&#7843;nh l&#224;m t&#236;nh v&#7899;i m&#7865; &#273;&#7867; c&#7911;a m&#236;nh?</p><p>Ngu&#7891;n: <a href="https://www.nowtolove.com.au/lifestyle/parenting/mum-posts-videos-breastfeeding-her-four-year-old-16991/">Now to Love</a> v&#224; <a href="https://www.marieclaire.com.au/news/crime/pregnant-blogger-sophie-emma-rose-dies-in-thailand-update/">Marie Claire Australia</a></p><h3>4&#65039;. C&#226;u chuy&#7879;n th&#7913; t&#432; &#8211; l&#224; c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n c&#7911;a m&#236;nh (th&#7853;t ra l&#224; n&#243; nhi&#7873;u n&#432;&#7899;c m&#7855;t l&#7855;m &#273;&#7845;y, nh&#432;ng th&#244;i, chuy&#7879;n &#273;&#227; qua r&#7891;i)</h3><p>M&#236;nh sinh R&#244; khi Ron m&#7899;i 2 tu&#7893;i v&#224; ch&#7881; 10 ng&#224;y sau khi sinh th&#236; R&#244; n&#7893;i eczema. M&#236;nh kh&#244;ng m&#7845;y khi chia s&#7867; chuy&#7879;n &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; eczema cho R&#244; th&#7871; n&#224;o n&#234;n kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ai c&#361;ng bi&#7871;t. R&#244; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c 8 tu&#7847;n th&#236; eczema b&#249;ng ph&#225;t d&#7919; d&#7897;i v&#224; b&#225;c s&#297; ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh ph&#7843;i d&#249;ng steroid v&#224; kh&#225;ng sinh. M&#7865; n&#224;o c&#243; con &#7903; t&#7847;m n&#224;y ch&#7855;c c&#361;ng s&#7869; hi&#7875;u m&#236;nh khi &#7845;y, c&#243; m&#7865; n&#224;o mu&#7889;n d&#249;ng thu&#7889;c cho con v&#224;o khi &#7845;y &#8211; nh&#7845;t l&#224; kh&#225;ng sinh v&#224; steroid (cortisol). M&#236;nh &#273;&#432;&#417;ng nhi&#234;n t&#7915; ch&#7889;i &#273;&#7873; ngh&#7883; c&#7911;a b&#225;c s&#297; v&#224; t&#236;m &#273;&#7911; c&#225;ch &#273;&#7875; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i d&#249;ng thu&#7889;c. T&#7915; t&#7855;m mu&#7889;i, t&#7855;m kh&#7893; qua, ki&#234;ng &#259;n, d&#432;&#7905;ng da&#8230; kh&#244;ng g&#236; l&#224; m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng l&#224;m.</p><p>&#272;&#7875; r&#7891;i h&#417;n 1 th&#225;ng sau &#273;&#243;, th&#7857;ng nh&#7887; b&#7883; nhi&#7877;m tr&#249;ng t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng ch&#7895; eczema l&#7903; lo&#233;t v&#224; m&#236;nh b&#7883; &#273;&#432;a t&#7899;i &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng c&#249;ng l&#224; ph&#7843;i d&#249;ng cortisol (d&#7841;ng u&#7889;ng) v&#224; kh&#225;ng sinh. B&#225;c s&#297; cho 4 ng&#224;y cortisol v&#224; 7 ng&#224;y kh&#225;ng sinh. B&#7889;n ng&#224;y u&#7889;ng cortisol l&#224; 4 ng&#224;y m&#236;nh nh&#432; &#7903; tr&#234;n thi&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng v&#236; da c&#7911;a con l&#225;ng m&#432;&#7907;t tr&#7903; l&#7841;i nh&#432; da em b&#233;, &#273;&#7875; r&#7891;i b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u ng&#224;y th&#7913; 5 khi r&#417;i tr&#7903; l&#7841;i &#273;&#7883;a ng&#7909;c, m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; &#432;&#7899;c g&#236; &#273;&#7915;ng bay tr&#234;n thi&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng.</p><p>M&#236;nh &#273;&#227; c&#243; m&#7897;t thai k&#7923; &#8216;s&#7841;ch s&#7869;&#8217; v&#7899;i R&#244; nha: kh&#244;ng s&#7919;a b&#7847;u kh&#244;ng thu&#7889;c kh&#244;ng ch&#237;ch ng&#7915;a kh&#244;ng g&#236; c&#7843; ngo&#224;i ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; &#259;n u&#7889;ng l&#224;nh m&#7841;nh v&#224; v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng h&#7907;p l&#253;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>C&#226;u chuy&#7879;n chi&#7871;n &#273;&#7845;u v&#7899;i eczema c&#249;ng R&#244; l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n kh&#7911;ng khi&#7871;p &#273;&#7871;n m&#7913;c m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng mu&#7889;n nh&#7899; l&#7841;i n&#7919;a, ch&#7881; nh&#7899; r&#7857;ng l&#250;c &#273;&#243; m&#236;nh ph&#7843;i 24/24 kh&#244;ng r&#7901;i b&#7855;t b&#234;n con v&#236; ch&#7881; c&#7847;n s&#417; h&#7903; m&#7897;t ch&#250;t l&#224; t&#7915; m&#7863;t m&#361;i &#273;&#7871;n ch&#226;n tay th&#7857;ng nh&#7887; s&#7869; t&#7913;a m&#225;u.</p><p>Cho con b&#250; l&#224; c&#225;ch m&#236;nh gi&#250;p R&#244; t&#7841;m qu&#234;n &#273;i c&#417;n ng&#7913;a v&#224; l&#224; l&#250;c b&#249; &#273;&#7855;p cho Ron &#8211; khi &#273;&#243; ph&#7843;i ng&#7911; xa m&#7865; v&#224; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7865; &#244;m &#7845;p nhi&#7873;u v&#236; m&#7865; ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7875; m&#7855;t &#273;&#7871;n em.</p><p>M&#236;nh nh&#7899; &#225;nh m&#7855;t c&#7911;a Ron khi th&#232;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7865; &#244;m m&#224; m&#7865; l&#250;c &#7845;y loay hoay x&#7913;c thu&#7889;c thoa kem cho em.</p><p>M&#236;nh nh&#7899; &#225;nh m&#7855;t thi&#7871;t tha c&#7911;a Ron khi m&#7865; b&#7853;n ru em ng&#7911; trong ph&#242;ng khi c&#7917;a ph&#242;ng &#273;&#243;ng l&#7841;i.</p><p>M&#236;nh nh&#7899; &#225;nh m&#7855;t s&#7907; h&#227;i c&#7911;a Ron khi m&#7865; tr&#7915;ng m&#7855;t nh&#236;n v&#236; &#273;&#7897;t nhi&#234;n m&#7903; c&#7917;a v&#224;o ph&#242;ng khi em &#273;ang ng&#7911;.</p><p>H&#224;nh tr&#236;nh ch&#7919;a tr&#7883; cho R&#244; &#273;&#226;u ph&#7843;i l&#250;c n&#224;o c&#361;ng su&#244;n s&#7867;, c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7845;u hi&#7875;u v&#224; &#7911;ng h&#7897;; c&#243; l&#250;c n&#243; c&#242;n k&#232;m nh&#7919;ng c&#7843;m gi&#225;c t&#7913;c gi&#7853;n &#273;&#7871;n &#273;i&#234;n lo&#7841;n v&#236; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u &#225;p l&#7921;c.</p><p>Nh&#7919;ng l&#250;c &#244;m c&#225;c con v&#224;o l&#242;ng cho b&#250; l&#224; l&#250;c ba m&#7865; con c&#243; s&#7921; k&#7871;t n&#7889;i, xoa d&#7883;u v&#224; t&#297;nh l&#7863;ng v&#224; l&#224; l&#250;c m&#236;nh c&#7843;m th&#7845;y t&#7897;i l&#7895;i c&#7911;a m&#236;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c con tha th&#7913; v&#224; th&#7845;u hi&#7875;u.</p><p>C&#243; nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#234;m Ron t&#7881;nh d&#7853;y g&#224;o kh&#243;c v&#236; nh&#7899; m&#7865; khi&#7871;n c&#7843; nh&#224; ai c&#361;ng c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng v&#224; m&#236;nh c&#361;ng b&#7883; ch&#7881; tr&#237;ch v&#236; kh&#244;ng d&#249;ng s&#7919;a c&#244;ng th&#7913;c &#8216;&#273;&#7875; th&#7917; xem con c&#243; b&#7883; ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng nh&#432; b&#250; m&#7865; kh&#244;ng&#8217;. Th&#7917; sao? Ch&#7881; c&#7847;n m&#7865; d&#249;ng m&#7897;t t&#237; s&#7919;a b&#242; t&#432;&#417;i th&#244;i m&#224; R&#244; &#273;&#227; b&#7883; n&#7893;i ng&#7913;a l&#234;n r&#7891;i, cho con d&#249;ng sct th&#236; m&#7885;i chuy&#7879;n s&#7869; th&#7871; n&#224;o? Sct d&#224;nh cho tr&#7867; d&#7883; &#7913;ng &#432;? M&#7899;i n&#7871;m &#273;&#227; mu&#7889;n nh&#7907;n &#243;i r&#7891;i, l&#224;m sao cho con d&#249;ng? &#272;&#7871;n b&#250; m&#7865; m&#224; c&#361;ng b&#7883; n&#7893;i ng&#7913;a, th&#236; d&#249;ng nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; kh&#225;c c&#242;n kinh kh&#7911;ng h&#417;n n&#7919;a.</p><p>Ron nh&#250;t nh&#225;t nh&#7845;t trong b&#7889;n anh em v&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243; khi&#7871;n m&#236;nh c&#224;ng t&#7921; tr&#225;ch b&#7843;n th&#226;n h&#417;n n&#7919;a. Th&#7871; n&#234;n, cho con b&#250; d&#224;i l&#226;u l&#224; c&#225;ch m&#236;nh c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#7847;n n&#224;o cho con bi&#7871;t r&#7857;ng m&#7865; lu&#244;n h&#7895; tr&#7907; con trong kh&#7843; n&#259;ng m&#224; m&#7865; c&#243; th&#7875;, v&#224; h&#227;y tha th&#7913; cho m&#7865; nh&#7919;ng l&#250;c m&#7865; b&#7883; qu&#225; t&#7843;i m&#224; l&#7899;n ti&#7871;ng v&#7899;i con. C&#243; l&#7847;n khi m&#236;nh h&#7887;i Ron &#8220;Con &#273;&#7883;nh b&#250; m&#7865; t&#7899;i khi n&#224;o?&#8221; th&#236; &#7843;nh n&#243;i l&#224; &#8220;Khi con &#273;&#432;&#7907;c n&#259;m tu&#7893;i r&#432;&#7905;i&#8221;. Th&#7871; l&#224; khi n&#259;m tu&#7893;i r&#432;&#7905;i, t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng &#7843;nh cai th&#7853;t v&#236; &#8216;con l&#7899;n r&#7891;i&#8217; nh&#432;ng l&#226;u l&#226;u c&#361;ng xin m&#7865; &#8216;cho mi&#7871;ng&#8217;.</p><p>C&#242;n R&#244; th&#236; sao?</p><p>H&#7891;i n&#259;m tu&#7893;i, R&#244; tuy&#234;n b&#7889; &#8220;b&#250; m&#7865; cho t&#7899;i khi n&#224;o con 100 tu&#7893;i&#8221; (&#7915;, l&#250;c &#273;&#243; l&#224; m&#7865; n&#224;o ch&#7913; m&#7865; n&#224;y ng&#7911;m r&#7891;i con). Nh&#432;ng l&#7847;n b&#250; cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng l&#224; v&#224;o sinh nh&#7853;t 7 tu&#7893;i c&#7911;a &#7843;nh v&#224; &#7843;nh n&#243;i r&#7857;ng &#8220;M&#7865; h&#7871;t s&#7919;a &#242;i!&#8221;</p><p>C&#7843;m gi&#225;c c&#7911;a m&#236;nh khi cho con b&#250; l&#7899;n th&#7871; n&#224;o?</p><p>Th&#7853;t ra t&#7915; khi sinh Roy &#273;&#7871;n nay, R&#244; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n xin b&#250; m&#7865; nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#250;c n&#224;o m&#236;nh c&#361;ng &#273;&#7891;ng &#253;. B&#7903;i v&#236;, chuy&#7879;n cho con b&#250; l&#224; &#8216;mutual relationship&#8217; (m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; qua l&#7841;i &#8211; l&#7851;n nhau) n&#234;n n&#243; ch&#7881; th&#7921;c s&#7921; c&#243; &#253; ngh&#297;a khi c&#7843; m&#7865; v&#224; con &#273;&#7873;u c&#7843;m th&#7845;y tho&#7843;i m&#225;i khi b&#234;n nhau. M&#7895;i l&#7847;n t&#7915; ch&#7889;i R&#244;, m&#236;nh n&#243;i r&#7857;ng &#8220;M&#7865; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y kh&#244;ng tho&#7843;i m&#225;i khi cho con b&#250; n&#7919;a&#8221; ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#8220;Con l&#7899;n r&#7891;i, &#273;&#7915;ng b&#250; n&#7919;a&#8221;.</p><p>Con c&#224;ng l&#7899;n, c&#224;ng n&#234;n d&#7841;y cho con bi&#7871;t v&#7873; c&#417; th&#7875;, v&#7873; s&#7921; t&#244;n tr&#7885;ng c&#417; th&#7875; c&#7911;a m&#236;nh c&#361;ng nh&#432; c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c. N&#7871;u con mu&#7889;n b&#250; m&#7865; nh&#432;ng m&#7865; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7891;ng &#253; th&#236; con c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i bi&#7871;t &#273;&#243; l&#224; quy&#7873;n c&#7911;a m&#7865;, quy&#7873;n t&#7915; ch&#7889;i cho con b&#250; v&#224; con c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i t&#244;n tr&#7885;ng &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243;. &#272;&#244;i khi, con mu&#7889;n &#244;m m&#7865;, s&#7901; v&#250; m&#7865;, nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u m&#7865; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7891;ng &#253; th&#236; con ph&#7843;i b&#7887; tay ra. Vi&#7879;c th&#7875; hi&#7879;n s&#7921; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7891;ng &#253; khi con &#273;&#7909;ng ch&#7841;m v&#224;o c&#417; th&#7875; c&#7911;a m&#7865; l&#224; &#273;&#7875; cho con bi&#7871;t gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n c&#7911;a m&#236;nh, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7891;ng h&#243;a s&#7921; &#273;&#7909;ng ch&#7841;m &#273;&#243; v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c th&#245;a m&#227;n nh&#7909;c d&#7909;c c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n nh&#432; nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#227; ch&#7881; tr&#237;ch vi&#7879;c cho con b&#250; l&#226;u d&#224;i.</p><p>Th&#7871; th&#236; cho con 9 tu&#7893;i b&#250; c&#243; ph&#7843;i l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u kinh t&#7903;m kh&#244;ng?</p><p>N&#7871;u vi&#7879;c cho con l&#7899;n (9 tu&#7893;i b&#250;) l&#224; kinh t&#7903;m, th&#236; nh&#7919;ng l&#7901;i ph&#225;n x&#233;t v&#224; b&#236;nh lu&#7853;n v&#7873; &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243; c&#242;n kinh t&#7903;m h&#417;n! C&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#242;n so s&#225;nh vi&#7879;c cho &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; b&#250; v&#250; m&#7865; ch&#7859;ng kh&#225;c n&#224;o vi&#7879;c b&#250; d&#432;&#417;ng v&#7853;t<span> </span>khi &#273;ang l&#224;m t&#236;nh.</p><p>M&#7897;t b&#224;i tr&#234;n t&#7841;p ch&#237; Forbes c&#243; t&#7921;a &#273;&#7873; l&#224; &#8216;C&#225;ch c&#225;c b&#224; m&#7865; cho con b&#250; b&#7883; t&#236;nh d&#7909;c h&#243;a tr&#234;n m&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i&#8217; (How Breastfeeding Mothers Are Being Sexualized On Social Media) n&#243;i v&#7873; vi&#7879;c nh&#7919;ng h&#236;nh &#7843;nh cho con b&#250; b&#7883; t&#225;ch ra kh&#7887;i b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh v&#224; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng l&#224;m nh&#7919;ng h&#236;nh &#7843;nh khi&#234;u d&#226;m m&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#243; s&#7921; cho ph&#233;p c&#7911;a ch&#7911; nh&#226;n.</p><p>Ngu&#7891;n:<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexandralevine/2022/06/17/how-breastfeeding-mothers-are-being-sexualized-on-social-media/?sh=1ba4a306ef20"> Forbes</a></p><h3><strong>5&#65039;. C&#226;u chuy&#7879;n th&#7913; n&#259;m &#8211; L&#224; c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n c&#7911;a b&#7841;n</strong></h3><p>C&#226;u chuy&#7879;n nu&#244;i con b&#7857;ng s&#7919;a m&#7865; c&#7911;a b&#7841;n th&#7871; n&#224;o? &#272;&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m &#273;&#225;ng nh&#7899; hay n&#243; khi&#7871;n b&#7841;n h&#227;i h&#249;ng? Cho d&#249; n&#243; nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o th&#236; c&#361;ng ch&#7881; c&#243; b&#7841;n m&#7899;i c&#7843;m nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#7871;t, cho d&#249; b&#7841;n c&#243; k&#7875; ra chi ti&#7871;t th&#7871; n&#224;o nh&#432;ng c&#361;ng ch&#7881; c&#243; b&#7841;n m&#7899;i l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#432;&#7899;c qua tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m &#273;&#243;. C&#243; nh&#7919;ng l&#250;c b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng mu&#7889;n chia s&#7867; v&#7899;i ai c&#7843;, b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n gi&#7919; cho ri&#234;ng m&#236;nh.</p><p>S&#7921; vi&#7879;c v&#7851;n v&#7853;y, nh&#432;ng c&#225;ch ch&#250;ng ta nh&#236;n n&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#225;c.</p><p>Tia n&#7855;ng m&#7863;t tr&#7901;i c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;em l&#7841;i ni&#7873;m h&#226;n hoan cho ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#224;y, nh&#432;ng v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c th&#236; &#273;&#243; l&#224; n&#7895;i s&#7907;. V&#224; m&#7863;t tr&#7901;i v&#7851;n m&#7885;c, b&#7845;t k&#7875; n&#7895;i s&#7907; h&#227;i hay h&#7841;nh ph&#250;c c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#224;o. B&#243;ng t&#7889;i c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng lui d&#7847;n v&#236; c&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#259;m gh&#233;t n&#243;.</p><div><hr></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe"><span>&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Vì sao em thức đêm nhiều lần?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Con th&#7913;c &#273;&#234;m nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; m&#7865; &#273;ang l&#224;m sai &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236;.]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/vi-sao-em-thuc-em-nhieu-lan</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/vi-sao-em-thuc-em-nhieu-lan</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 16 Sep 2026 06:41:55 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RT-m!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed01c367-af6d-43ca-aecd-29f76b215368_2816x1536.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>Con th&#7913;c &#273;&#234;m nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; m&#7865; &#273;ang l&#224;m sai &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236;. B&#224;i n&#224;y gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch v&#236; sao th&#7913;c &#273;&#234;m l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7911;a ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n, m&#7889;i li&#234;n h&#7879; gi&#7919;a b&#250; m&#7865; v&#224; gi&#7845;c ng&#7911;, nh&#7919;ng giai &#273;o&#7841;n con d&#7877; th&#7913;c h&#417;n h&#7859;n, v&#224; khi n&#224;o n&#234;n t&#236;m th&#234;m h&#7895; tr&#7907; chuy&#234;n m&#244;n.</em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RT-m!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed01c367-af6d-43ca-aecd-29f76b215368_2816x1536.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><h3><strong>Th&#7913;c &#273;&#234;m l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng</strong></h3><p>Gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; c&#7911;a tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh kh&#244;ng gi&#7889;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n ngay t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u. Tr&#7867; c&#7847;n c&#7843; n&#259;m &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#7901;i &#273;&#7875; d&#7847;n &#8220;t&#7921; &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh&#8221; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; ban &#273;&#234;m, v&#224; qu&#225; tr&#236;nh &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng tuy&#7871;n t&#237;nh ch&#250;t n&#224;o. M&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u theo d&#245;i 75 tr&#7867; kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh su&#7889;t 12 th&#225;ng &#273;&#7847;u (qua nh&#7853;t k&#253; gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; c&#7911;a cha m&#7865;) cho th&#7845;y b&#432;&#7899;c nh&#7843;y l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t trong kh&#7843; n&#259;ng t&#7921; ng&#7911; l&#7841;i c&#7911;a tr&#7867; di&#7877;n ra t&#7915; th&#225;ng th&#7913; 1 &#273;&#7871;n th&#225;ng th&#7913; 4, nh&#432;ng ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n tr&#7867; v&#7851;n ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c th&#7913;c gi&#7845;c gi&#7919;a c&#225;c chu k&#7923; ng&#7911;, c&#7843; ng&#224;y l&#7851;n &#273;&#234;m, trong su&#7889;t n&#259;m &#273;&#7847;u.</p><p><em>Ngu&#7891;n: Henderson, France, Owens &amp; Blampied (2010), <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20974775/">Sleeping Through the Night: The Consolidation of Self-regulated Sleep Across the First Year of Life</a>, Pediatrics, 126(5), e1081. </em></p><p>N&#243;i c&#225;ch kh&#225;c, con th&#7913;c &#273;&#234;m nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; m&#7865; &#273;ang l&#224;m sai &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236;, m&#224; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n l&#224; b&#7897; n&#227;o v&#224; h&#7879; th&#7847;n kinh c&#7911;a con v&#7851;n &#273;ang trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh. <a href="https://www.webcuame.com/p/giac-ngu-cua-be-phan-1">Chu k&#7923; ng&#7911; c&#7911;a tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh ng&#7855;n h&#417;n ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u</a>, n&#234;n gi&#7919;a m&#7895;i chu k&#7923;, con c&#243; nhi&#7873;u &#8220;c&#417; h&#7897;i&#8221; &#273;&#7875; th&#7913;c gi&#7845;c h&#417;n.</p><h3><strong>B&#250; m&#7865; v&#224; vi&#7879;c th&#7913;c &#273;&#234;m: m&#7889;i li&#234;n h&#7879; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n nh&#432; m&#236;nh ngh&#297;</strong></h3><p>Nhi&#7873;u m&#7865; nghe n&#243;i b&#250; m&#7865; khi&#7871;n con th&#7913;c &#273;&#234;m nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n b&#250; b&#236;nh, v&#224; lo l&#7855;ng kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t c&#243; n&#234;n ng&#432;ng b&#250; &#273;&#234;m &#273;&#7875; con &#8220;ng&#7911; ngoan&#8221; h&#417;n kh&#244;ng. Nh&#432;ng s&#7889; li&#7879;u th&#7921;c t&#7871; th&#236; ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p h&#417;n v&#7853;y nhi&#7873;u. M&#7897;t kh&#7843;o s&#225;t tr&#234;n 342 b&#224; m&#7865; c&#243; con 6-12 th&#225;ng t&#7841;i Na Uy ghi nh&#7853;n 96,8% tr&#7867; b&#250; m&#7865; v&#7851;n th&#7913;c gi&#7845;c ban &#273;&#234;m, v&#224; 93,5% &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#250; &#237;t nh&#7845;t m&#7897;t l&#7847;n trong &#273;&#234;m. N&#243;i c&#225;ch kh&#225;c, &#273;&#226;y l&#224; chuy&#7879;n c&#7921;c k&#7923; ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n &#7903; giai &#273;o&#7841;n n&#224;y, g&#7847;n nh&#432; nh&#224; n&#224;o c&#243; con nh&#7887; c&#361;ng g&#7863;p.</p><p><em>Ngu&#7891;n: Madar, Kurniasari, Marjerrison &amp; Mdala (2024), <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-023-03805-2">Breastfeeding and Sleeping Patterns Among 6&#8211;12-Month-Old Infants in Norway</a>, Maternal and Child Health Journal, 28(3), 496&#8211;505. </em></p><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; ph&#7847;n m&#236;nh th&#7845;y th&#250; v&#7883; nh&#7845;t khi &#273;&#7885;c v&#7873; ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; n&#224;y: nh&#224; nh&#226;n ch&#7911;ng h&#7885;c James McKenna, ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#224;nh c&#7843; s&#7921; nghi&#7879;p nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; m&#7865;-con, cho r&#7857;ng vi&#7879;c th&#7913;c &#273;&#234;m &#273;&#7875; b&#250; l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#417; ch&#7871; sinh h&#7885;c c&#243; vai tr&#242; b&#7843;o v&#7879;: gi&#250;p &#273;i&#7873;u h&#242;a nh&#7883;p th&#7903;, th&#226;n nhi&#7879;t c&#7911;a tr&#7867;, &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i duy tr&#236; ngu&#7891;n s&#7919;a cho m&#7865;, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i m&#7897;t &#8220;tr&#7909;c tr&#7863;c&#8221; c&#7847;n s&#7917;a. &#212;ng g&#7885;i m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; gi&#7919;a vi&#7879;c b&#250; &#273;&#234;m v&#224; th&#7913;c gi&#7845;c l&#224; &#8220;congruence&#8221; (s&#7921; t&#432;&#417;ng h&#7907;p) nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n l&#224; &#8220;conflict&#8221; (xung &#273;&#7897;t) nh&#432; c&#225;ch x&#227; h&#7897;i hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i th&#432;&#7901;ng nh&#236;n nh&#7853;n.</p><p><em>Ngu&#7891;n: McKenna, J. J. (2014), <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3982898/">Night waking among breastfeeding mothers and infants: Conflict, congruence or both</a>?, Evolution, Medicine &amp; Public Health, 2014(1), 40. </em></p><p>C&#361;ng c&#7847;n n&#243;i th&#234;m: nhi&#7873;u chuy&#234;n gia trong l&#297;nh v&#7921;c b&#250; m&#7865; cho r&#7857;ng c&#225;ch m&#7865; d&#249;ng vi&#7879;c b&#250; &#273;&#7875; ru con ng&#7911; l&#7841;i m&#7899;i l&#224; y&#7871;u t&#7889; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n, ch&#7913; t&#7921; th&#226;n vi&#7879;c b&#250; m&#7865; ch&#432;a ch&#7855;c &#273;&#227; &#8220;g&#226;y ra&#8221; th&#7913;c &#273;&#234;m. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t g&#243;c nh&#236;n h&#7907;p l&#253; v&#7873; m&#7863;t c&#417; ch&#7871;, nh&#432;ng c&#7847;n n&#243;i r&#245;: b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p v&#7873; &#273;i&#7875;m n&#224;y c&#242;n kh&#225; l&#7851;n l&#7897;n. M&#7897;t s&#7889; t&#7893;ng quan th&#7853;m ch&#237; ghi nh&#7853;n tr&#7867; b&#250; m&#7865; ho&#224;n to&#224;n th&#7913;c &#273;&#234;m nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n b&#250; c&#244;ng th&#7913;c, n&#234;n m&#236;nh coi &#273;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t h&#7907;p l&#253; h&#417;n l&#224; m&#7897;t k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u ch&#7913;ng minh ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n.</p><h3><strong>Nh&#7919;ng giai &#273;o&#7841;n con d&#7877; th&#7913;c &#273;&#234;m h&#417;n b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng</strong></h3><p>Ngo&#224;i vi&#7879;c th&#7913;c &#273;&#234;m &#8220;n&#7873;n&#8221; v&#236; gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; ch&#432;a tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh, c&#243; nh&#7919;ng giai &#273;o&#7841;n con th&#432;&#7901;ng th&#7913;c nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n h&#7859;n, khi&#7871;n m&#7865; hoang mang t&#432;&#7903;ng con &#273;ang &#8220;tu&#7897;t d&#7889;c&#8221;:</p><p>R&#7891;i kho&#7843;ng th&#225;ng th&#7913; 3-4, gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; c&#7911;a con c&#243; m&#7897;t b&#432;&#7899;c chuy&#7875;n th&#7853;t s&#7921; v&#7873; m&#7863;t sinh h&#7885;c: con b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u ng&#7911; theo chu k&#7923; gi&#7889;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n h&#417;n (c&#243; c&#225;c pha ng&#7911; n&#244;ng m&#224; con c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7881;nh h&#7859;n d&#7853;y), thay v&#236; ki&#7875;u ng&#7911; s&#417; sinh tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243;. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t b&#432;&#7899;c tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i m&#7897;t &#8220;s&#7921; c&#7889;&#8221; c&#7847;n kh&#7855;c ph&#7909;c, d&#249; giai &#273;o&#7841;n n&#224;y con th&#432;&#7901;ng th&#7913;c d&#7853;y nhi&#7873;u v&#224; kh&#243; ng&#7911; l&#7841;i h&#417;n.</p><p><em>Ngu&#7891;n: Cleveland Clinic, <a href="https://health.clevelandclinic.org/the-4-month-sleep-regression-what-parents-need-to-know">4-Month Sleep Regression: What Parents Need To Know</a>. </em></p><p>Nh&#7919;ng m&#7889;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n l&#7899;n kh&#225;c nh&#432; m&#7885;c r&#259;ng, bi&#7871;t l&#7853;t, bi&#7871;t b&#242;, bi&#7871;t &#273;&#7913;ng, ho&#7863;c giai &#273;o&#7841;n lo &#226;u chia ly (th&#432;&#7901;ng r&#245; nh&#7845;t quanh 8-10 th&#225;ng, khi con &#253; th&#7913;c r&#245; h&#417;n v&#7873; vi&#7879;c m&#7865; r&#7901;i kh&#7887;i ph&#242;ng) c&#361;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;i k&#232;m nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#234;m th&#7913;c gi&#7845;c nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n h&#7859;n. &#7888;m, m&#7885;c r&#259;ng, hay &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n l&#224; m&#7897;t ng&#224;y qu&#225; nhi&#7873;u k&#237;ch th&#237;ch m&#7899;i c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; khi&#7871;n m&#7897;t &#273;&#234;m y&#234;n b&#236;nh b&#7895;ng d&#432;ng th&#224;nh... kh&#244;ng y&#234;n ch&#250;t n&#224;o.</p><h3><strong>V&#7853;y m&#7865; c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m g&#236;?</strong></h3><p>M&#236;nh kh&#244;ng ngh&#297; c&#243; m&#7897;t c&#244;ng th&#7913;c chung &#273;&#250;ng cho m&#7885;i nh&#224;, nh&#432;ng c&#243; v&#224;i &#273;i&#7873;u m&#236;nh lu&#244;n nh&#7855;c c&#225;c m&#7865; m&#236;nh t&#432; v&#7845;n (v&#224; c&#361;ng t&#7921; nh&#7855;c m&#236;nh su&#7889;t 5 l&#7847;n l&#224;m m&#7865;):</p><p>&#272;&#7915;ng v&#7897;i t&#7921; tr&#225;ch hay &#233;p con &#8220;ng&#7911; xuy&#234;n &#273;&#234;m&#8221; qu&#225; s&#7899;m ch&#7881; v&#236; th&#7845;y con ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c &#273;&#259;ng story ng&#7911; ngoan l&#250;c 2 th&#225;ng tu&#7893;i. M&#7895;i n&#227;o b&#7897; tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh theo t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; ri&#234;ng.</p><p>N&#7871;u &#273;ang b&#250; m&#7865; v&#224; vi&#7879;c b&#250; &#273;&#234;m kh&#244;ng khi&#7871;n m&#7865; ki&#7879;t s&#7913;c qu&#225; m&#7913;c, kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n v&#7897;i cai b&#250; &#273;&#234;m ch&#7881; v&#236; ngh&#297; n&#243; &#8220;g&#226;y&#8221; th&#7913;c gi&#7845;c, v&#236; nh&#432; &#273;&#227; n&#243;i &#7903; tr&#234;n, m&#7889;i li&#234;n h&#7879; &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n m&#7897;t chi&#7873;u.</p><p>Chia vi&#7879;c th&#7913;c &#273;&#234;m v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7841;n &#273;&#7901;i n&#7871;u c&#243; th&#7875;, k&#7875; c&#7843; ch&#7881; l&#224; thay phi&#234;n ai d&#7853;y d&#7895; con ng&#7911; l&#7841;i nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#234;m m&#7865; &#273;&#227; qu&#225; m&#7879;t, &#273;&#7875; m&#7865; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ng&#7911; li&#7873;n m&#7897;t m&#7841;ch d&#224;i h&#417;n d&#249; ch&#7881; v&#224;i ti&#7871;ng.</p><p>Tranh th&#7911; ch&#7907;p m&#7855;t khi con ng&#7911; ng&#224;y, thay v&#236; c&#7889; l&#224;m h&#7871;t vi&#7879;c nh&#224;. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; l&#250;c th&#7913; t&#7921; &#432;u ti&#234;n c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#226;n nh&#7855;c: m&#7897;t c&#259;n nh&#224; s&#7841;ch s&#7869; ng&#259;n n&#7855;p v&#224; m&#7897;t b&#224; m&#7865; thi&#7871;u ng&#7911;, hay m&#7897;t b&#224; m&#7865; kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh v&#224; m&#7897;t c&#259;n nh&#224; b&#7873; b&#7897;n?</p><h3><strong>Khi n&#224;o c&#7847;n h&#7895; tr&#7907; chuy&#234;n m&#244;n</strong></h3><p>Th&#7913;c &#273;&#234;m nhi&#7873;u l&#224; chuy&#7879;n b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng, nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u con kh&#243;c d&#7919; d&#7897;i kh&#244;ng d&#7895; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c, &#432;&#7905;n ng&#432;&#7901;i sau b&#250; nh&#432; &#273;ang kh&#243; ch&#7883;u, t&#259;ng c&#226;n ch&#7853;m, ho&#7863;c m&#7865; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y ki&#7879;t s&#7913;c t&#7899;i m&#7913;c &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng t&#226;m tr&#7841;ng/an to&#224;n c&#7911;a c&#7843; m&#7865; v&#224; con trong nhi&#7873;u tu&#7847;n li&#7873;n, &#273;&#226;y l&#224; l&#250;c n&#234;n t&#236;m b&#225;c s&#297; nhi, chuy&#234;n gia t&#432; v&#7845;n s&#7919;a m&#7865; (IBCLC), ho&#7863;c chuy&#234;n gia gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; nhi khoa, thay v&#236; t&#7921; m&#236;nh g&#7891;ng th&#234;m. N&#7871;u &#273;ang cho con ng&#7911; chung gi&#432;&#7901;ng, c&#361;ng n&#234;n t&#236;m hi&#7875;u k&#7929; c&#225;c nguy&#234;n t&#7855;c ng&#7911; chung an to&#224;n (safe co-sleeping) &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;m r&#7911;i ro.</p><p>&#272;&#234;m c&#7911;a m&#7865; v&#224; b&#233; nh&#224; m&#236;nh th&#7871; n&#224;o? C&#243; giai &#273;o&#7841;n n&#224;o b&#233; th&#7913;c d&#7919; nh&#7845;t m&#224; m&#7865; c&#242;n nh&#7899; m&#227;i kh&#244;ng? K&#7875; m&#236;nh nghe v&#7899;i!</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe"><span>&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Vàng Da Sơ Sinh: Vitamin D, Phơi Nắng Và Những Ngộ Nhận Mẹ Cần Biết]]></title><description><![CDATA[B&#224;i vi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p b&#7903;i m&#7897;t Chuy&#234;n gia T&#432; v&#7845;n S&#7919;a m&#7865; Qu&#7889;c t&#7871; (IBCLC), kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7845;p ph&#233;p k&#234; toa thu&#7889;c, do &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng thay th&#7871; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n v&#224; ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; c&#7911;a b&#225;c s&#297;.]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/vang-da-so-sinh-vitamin-d-phoi-nang</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/vang-da-so-sinh-vitamin-d-phoi-nang</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 12 Sep 2026 13:19:44 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DNsm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2f26351-75bd-4308-9925-23fd4bb08e68_2816x1536.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em><span>B&#224;i vi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p b&#7903;i m&#7897;t Chuy&#234;n gia T&#432; v&#7845;n S&#7919;a m&#7865; Qu&#7889;c t&#7871; (IBCLC), kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7845;p ph&#233;p k&#234; toa thu&#7889;c, do &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng thay th&#7871; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n v&#224; ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; c&#7911;a b&#225;c s&#297;. N&#7871;u con c&#243; d&#7845;u hi&#7879;u b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng, m&#7865; lu&#244;n c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;a b&#233; &#273;i kh&#225;m tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p.</span></em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DNsm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2f26351-75bd-4308-9925-23fd4bb08e68_2816x1536.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DNsm!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2f26351-75bd-4308-9925-23fd4bb08e68_2816x1536.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DNsm!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2f26351-75bd-4308-9925-23fd4bb08e68_2816x1536.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DNsm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2f26351-75bd-4308-9925-23fd4bb08e68_2816x1536.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DNsm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2f26351-75bd-4308-9925-23fd4bb08e68_2816x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DNsm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2f26351-75bd-4308-9925-23fd4bb08e68_2816x1536.jpeg" width="1456" height="794" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DNsm!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2f26351-75bd-4308-9925-23fd4bb08e68_2816x1536.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DNsm!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2f26351-75bd-4308-9925-23fd4bb08e68_2816x1536.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DNsm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2f26351-75bd-4308-9925-23fd4bb08e68_2816x1536.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DNsm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2f26351-75bd-4308-9925-23fd4bb08e68_2816x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p><span>M&#7865; S&#7919;a c&#243; bi&#7871;t, g&#7847;n nh&#432; &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh n&#224;o c&#361;ng s&#7869; v&#224;ng da &#237;t nhi&#7873;u trong tu&#7847;n &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#7901;i. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; chuy&#7879;n h&#7871;t s&#7913;c ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n. Nh&#432;ng ch&#237;nh v&#236; &#8220;ai c&#361;ng g&#7863;p&#8221;, n&#234;n xung quanh chuy&#7879;n v&#224;ng da l&#7841;i c&#243; v&#244; s&#7889; l&#7901;i truy&#7873;n tai, c&#243; c&#225;i &#273;&#250;ng, c&#243; c&#225;i... nghe qua th&#236; h&#7907;p l&#253; nh&#432;ng th&#7921;c ra sai b&#233;t. Hai &#253; ki&#7871;n ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n nh&#7845;t m&#224; m&#236;nh hay nghe c&#225;c m&#7865; k&#7875; l&#7841;i l&#224;: &#8220;B&#225;c s&#297; cho u&#7889;ng vitamin D l&#224; &#273;&#7875; h&#7871;t v&#224;ng da&#8221; v&#224; &#8220;V&#224;ng da th&#236; c&#7913; ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng bu&#7893;i s&#225;ng l&#224; &#7893;n, c&#243; li&#234;n quan g&#236; t&#7899;i D &#273;&#226;u.&#8221; &#221; ki&#7871;n sau nghe c&#243; v&#7867; &#8220;khoa h&#7885;c&#8221; h&#417;n &#253; ki&#7871;n tr&#432;&#7899;c, nh&#432;ng ti&#7871;c l&#224; c&#361;ng sai, ch&#7881; sai theo m&#7897;t ki&#7875;u tinh vi h&#417;n th&#244;i.</span></p><h3><strong><span>I. Ng&#7897; nh&#7853;n s&#7889; 1: &#8220;U&#7889;ng vitamin D l&#224; &#273;&#7875; h&#7871;t v&#224;ng da&#8221;</span></strong></h3><p><span>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; ng&#7897; nh&#7853;n d&#7877; hi&#7875;u nh&#7845;t, v&#236; n&#243; xu&#7845;t ph&#225;t t&#7915; m&#7897;t s&#7921; tr&#249;ng h&#7907;p th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m: b&#233; m&#7899;i sinh v&#7915;a v&#224;ng da, v&#7915;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#225;c s&#297; k&#234; vitamin D. V&#236; v&#7853;y, nhi&#7873;u ph&#7909; huynh &#273;inh ninh hai chuy&#7879;n n&#224;y c&#243; li&#234;n quan nh&#226;n qu&#7843; v&#7899;i nhau.</span></p><p><strong><span>S&#7921; th&#7853;t: </span></strong><span>KH&#212;NG li&#234;n quan g&#236; c&#7843;. Vitamin D3 (th&#432;&#7901;ng 400 IU/ng&#224;y cho tr&#7867; b&#250; m&#7865; ho&#224;n to&#224;n) &#273;&#432;&#7907;c k&#234; &#273;&#7875; ph&#242;ng c&#242;i x&#432;&#417;ng v&#224; h&#7895; tr&#7907; h&#7879; mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch c&#7911;a b&#233;, v&#236; s&#7919;a m&#7865; v&#7889;n &#237;t vitamin D, m&#224; tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh th&#236; ch&#432;a n&#234;n ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p nhi&#7873;u (m&#236;nh s&#7869; n&#243;i k&#7929; &#7903; ph&#7847;n III). Con &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng chuy&#7875;n h&#243;a vitamin D trong c&#417; th&#7875; v&#224; con &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng chuy&#7875;n h&#243;a bilirubin (ch&#7845;t g&#226;y v&#224;ng da) l&#224; hai con &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng ho&#224;n to&#224;n t&#225;ch bi&#7879;t, kh&#244;ng c&#7855;t ngang nhau &#7903; b&#7845;t k&#7923; &#273;i&#7875;m n&#224;o. U&#7889;ng D &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#7863;n, v&#224;ng da v&#7851;n c&#243; th&#7875; t&#259;ng trong v&#224;i ng&#224;y &#273;&#7847;u r&#7891;i t&#7921; lui, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i v&#236; D &#8220;kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7911; li&#7873;u&#8221;, m&#224; v&#236; &#273;&#243; v&#7889;n l&#224; di&#7877;n ti&#7871;n sinh l&#253; b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng (&#7903; &#273;&#226;y m&#236;nh &#273;ang n&#243;i v&#7873; v&#224;ng da sinh l&#253; nha)</span></p><h3><strong><span>II. V&#7853;y v&#224;ng da sinh l&#253; th&#7921;c s&#7921; l&#224; do &#273;&#226;u?</span></strong></h3><p><span>C&#243; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch kh&#225; ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n truy&#7873;n tai nhau r&#7857;ng: con n&#7857;m trong b&#7909;ng m&#7865; mang &#8220;lo&#7841;i m&#225;u y&#7871;m kh&#237;&#8221; (t&#7913;c l&#224; m&#225;u &#8220;thi&#7871;u oxy&#8221;, ph&#7843;i s&#7889;ng ki&#7875;u... n&#237;n th&#7903;), n&#234;n khi ra &#273;&#7901;i th&#7903; b&#7857;ng ph&#7893;i, c&#417; th&#7875; &#8220;s&#7889;c&#8221; m&#224; l&#224;m h&#7891;ng c&#7847;u v&#7905; h&#224;ng lo&#7841;t, sinh ra bilirubin &#7891; &#7841;t g&#226;y v&#224;ng da. Nghe r&#7845;t k&#7883;ch t&#237;nh, nh&#432;ng may m&#7855;n thay, sai ho&#224;n to&#224;n v&#7873; sinh l&#253; h&#7885;c.</span></p><p><span>S&#7921; th&#7853;t l&#224;: em b&#233; trong b&#7909;ng m&#7865; ch&#432;a bao gi&#7901; &#8220;thi&#7871;u oxy&#8221; c&#7843;. Ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i, thai nhi c&#243; m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i hemoglobin &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t g&#7885;i l&#224; HbF (hemoglobin b&#224;o thai) v&#7899;i &#225;i l&#7921;c b&#7855;t oxy CAO H&#416;N h&#7859;n hemoglobin ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n (HbA), nh&#7901; v&#7853;y b&#233; m&#7899;i &#8220;gi&#224;nh&#8221; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c oxy hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; t&#7915; d&#242;ng m&#225;u m&#7865; qua nhau thai. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#417; ch&#7871; th&#237;ch nghi r&#7845;t tinh vi, ho&#224;n to&#224;n kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#8220;y&#7871;m kh&#237;&#8221;.</span></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wasD!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a641060-0115-425b-8699-a4cbd7198e90_2816x1536.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wasD!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a641060-0115-425b-8699-a4cbd7198e90_2816x1536.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wasD!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a641060-0115-425b-8699-a4cbd7198e90_2816x1536.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wasD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a641060-0115-425b-8699-a4cbd7198e90_2816x1536.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wasD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a641060-0115-425b-8699-a4cbd7198e90_2816x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wasD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a641060-0115-425b-8699-a4cbd7198e90_2816x1536.jpeg" width="1456" height="794" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wasD!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a641060-0115-425b-8699-a4cbd7198e90_2816x1536.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wasD!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a641060-0115-425b-8699-a4cbd7198e90_2816x1536.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wasD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a641060-0115-425b-8699-a4cbd7198e90_2816x1536.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wasD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a641060-0115-425b-8699-a4cbd7198e90_2816x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p><span>V&#7853;y v&#224;ng da t&#7915; &#273;&#226;u ra? T&#7915; ch&#237;nh qu&#225; tr&#236;nh &#8220;&#273;&#7893;i qu&#226;n&#8221; ho&#224;n to&#224;n t&#7921; nhi&#234;n sau sinh. M&#7865; c&#7913; h&#236;nh dung c&#417; th&#7875; b&#233; nh&#432; m&#7897;t &#273;&#7897;i xe: trong b&#7909;ng m&#7865;, b&#233; c&#7847;n lo&#7841;i &#8220;xe HbF&#8221; chuy&#234;n b&#7855;t oxy hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; t&#7915; nhau thai. Sau khi ch&#224;o &#273;&#7901;i v&#224; t&#7921; th&#7903; b&#7857;ng ph&#7893;i (ngu&#7891;n oxy d&#7891;i d&#224;o h&#417;n h&#7859;n), c&#417; th&#7875; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n lo&#7841;i &#8220;xe&#8221; &#273;&#7863;c ch&#7911;ng &#273;&#243; n&#7919;a, n&#234;n b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u thay d&#7847;n b&#7857;ng &#8220;xe &#273;&#7901;i m&#7899;i&#8221; l&#224; HbA. M&#224; h&#7891;ng c&#7847;u ch&#7913;a HbF c&#7911;a tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh l&#7841;i c&#243; tu&#7893;i th&#7885; ng&#7855;n h&#417;n h&#7891;ng c&#7847;u ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n kh&#225; nhi&#7873;u, n&#234;n trong v&#224;i ng&#224;y &#273;&#7847;u, m&#7897;t l&#432;&#7907;ng l&#7899;n h&#7891;ng c&#7847;u &#8220;h&#7871;t h&#7841;n&#8221; c&#249;ng l&#250;c b&#7883; ph&#226;n h&#7911;y, sinh ra bilirubin nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n kh&#7843; n&#259;ng x&#7917; l&#253; c&#7911;a gan non n&#7899;t.</span></p><p><span>&#272;&#250;ng l&#250;c &#273;&#243;, men gan UGT1A1 (&#8221;c&#244;ng nh&#226;n&#8221; ph&#7909; tr&#225;ch x&#7917; l&#253; bilirubin) &#7903; tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh m&#7899;i ch&#7881; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng kho&#7843;ng 1% c&#244;ng su&#7845;t so v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n. &#8220;R&#225;c&#8221; (bilirubin) sinh ra nhi&#7873;u m&#224; &#8220;c&#244;ng nh&#226;n d&#7885;n r&#225;c&#8221; l&#7841;i &#237;t v&#224; y&#7871;u, k&#7871;t qu&#7843; l&#224; bilirubin &#7913; l&#7841;i trong m&#225;u, th&#7845;m v&#224;o da, g&#226;y v&#224;ng da. &#272;&#243; ch&#237;nh l&#224; v&#224;ng da sinh l&#253;, ho&#224;n to&#224;n kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i do &#8220;m&#225;u y&#7871;m kh&#237;&#8221; hay chuy&#7879;n g&#236; k&#7883;ch t&#237;nh c&#7843;, m&#224; l&#224; m&#7897;t qu&#225; tr&#236;nh chuy&#7875;n giao r&#7845;t &#273;&#7895;i b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7911;a c&#417; th&#7875; non n&#7899;t.</span></p><h3><strong><span>III. &#8220;Ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng cho h&#7871;t v&#224;ng da&#8221; - &#273;&#250;ng hay sai?</span></strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KA16!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25c76413-e502-4cab-aa5e-4cd4ce049c80_2816x1536.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KA16!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25c76413-e502-4cab-aa5e-4cd4ce049c80_2816x1536.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KA16!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25c76413-e502-4cab-aa5e-4cd4ce049c80_2816x1536.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KA16!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25c76413-e502-4cab-aa5e-4cd4ce049c80_2816x1536.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KA16!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25c76413-e502-4cab-aa5e-4cd4ce049c80_2816x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KA16!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25c76413-e502-4cab-aa5e-4cd4ce049c80_2816x1536.jpeg" width="1456" height="794" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KA16!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25c76413-e502-4cab-aa5e-4cd4ce049c80_2816x1536.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KA16!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25c76413-e502-4cab-aa5e-4cd4ce049c80_2816x1536.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KA16!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25c76413-e502-4cab-aa5e-4cd4ce049c80_2816x1536.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KA16!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F25c76413-e502-4cab-aa5e-4cd4ce049c80_2816x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p><span>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; &#253; ki&#7871;n m&#236;nh mu&#7889;n n&#243;i k&#7929; nh&#7845;t, v&#236; n&#243; nguy hi&#7875;m h&#417;n ng&#7897; nh&#7853;n v&#7873; vitamin D nhi&#7873;u, b&#7903;i n&#243; nghe &#8220;c&#243; v&#7867; khoa h&#7885;c&#8221; n&#234;n d&#7877; khi&#7871;n m&#7865; ch&#7911; quan l&#224;m theo. B&#7843;n th&#226;n m&#236;nh c&#361;ng t&#7915;ng ng&#7897; nh&#7853;n nh&#432; v&#7853;y lu&#244;n ch&#7913; n&#243;i g&#236; ai!</span></p><p><span>C&#243; &#253; ki&#7871;n gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch r&#7857;ng ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng gi&#250;p &#8220;t&#259;ng c&#432;&#7901;ng trao &#273;&#7893;i ch&#7845;t&#8221; cho c&#417; th&#7875; b&#233;, nh&#7901; &#273;&#243; bilirubin &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#224;o th&#7843;i nhanh h&#417;n qua ph&#226;n v&#224; n&#432;&#7899;c ti&#7875;u. Nghe th&#236; h&#7907;p l&#253;, nh&#432;ng &#273;&#226;y l&#224; hi&#7875;u sai c&#417; ch&#7871; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch kh&#225; c&#259;n b&#7843;n.</span></p><p><strong><span>S&#7921; th&#7853;t, </span></strong><span>ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; v&#224;ng da b&#7857;ng &#225;nh s&#225;ng (chi&#7871;u &#273;&#232;n, phototherapy) kh&#244;ng h&#7873; li&#234;n quan g&#236; &#273;&#7871;n &#8220;trao &#273;&#7893;i ch&#7845;t&#8221;. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng QUANG H&#211;A x&#7843;y ra ngay t&#7841;i da: khi bilirubin trong c&#225;c mao m&#7841;ch d&#432;&#7899;i da h&#7845;p th&#7909; &#225;nh s&#225;ng &#7903; &#273;&#250;ng d&#7843;i b&#432;&#7899;c s&#243;ng xanh-l&#7909;c (460&#8211;490 nm), n&#243; b&#7883; bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;i c&#7845;u tr&#250;c th&#224;nh m&#7897;t ch&#7845;t &#273;&#7891;ng ph&#226;n g&#7885;i l&#224; lumirubin, ch&#7845;t n&#224;y tan &#273;&#432;&#7907;c trong n&#432;&#7899;c n&#234;n c&#243; th&#7875; theo m&#7853;t v&#224; n&#432;&#7899;c ti&#7875;u ra ngo&#224;i m&#224; KH&#212;NG c&#7847;n qua gan x&#7917; l&#253;. M&#7865; c&#7913; h&#236;nh dung bilirubin nh&#432; m&#7897;t v&#7871;t m&#7921;c kh&#243; tan trong n&#432;&#7899;c b&#225;m tr&#234;n da. &#193;nh s&#225;ng &#273;&#250;ng b&#432;&#7899;c s&#243;ng gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i &#8220;dung m&#244;i&#8221; &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t bi&#7871;n v&#7871;t m&#7921;c &#273;&#243; th&#224;nh d&#7841;ng tan &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7875; c&#417; th&#7875; x&#7843; tr&#244;i &#273;i. Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i c&#7913; &#8220;ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng, ra m&#7891; h&#244;i, trao &#273;&#7893;i ch&#7845;t t&#259;ng l&#234;n&#8221; l&#224; v&#7871;t m&#7921;c &#273;&#243; t&#7921; bay m&#224;u.</span></p><p><span>V&#7853;y ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng s&#225;ng c&#243; l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c vi&#7879;c &#8220;dung m&#244;i&#8221; n&#224;y kh&#244;ng? V&#7873; l&#253; thuy&#7871;t, &#225;nh n&#7855;ng m&#7863;t tr&#7901;i C&#211; ch&#7913;a d&#7843;i b&#432;&#7899;c s&#243;ng xanh c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t. &#272;&#243; l&#224; l&#253; do &#7903; m&#7897;t s&#7889; n&#432;&#7899;c &#273;ang ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n thi&#7871;u m&#225;y chi&#7871;u &#273;&#232;n, ng&#432;&#7901;i ta c&#243; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u d&#249;ng &#8220;&#225;nh n&#7855;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#7885;c&#8221; qua c&#225;c t&#7845;m m&#224;ng chuy&#234;n d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; l&#7885;c b&#7899;t tia UV v&#224; h&#7891;ng ngo&#7841;i, d&#249;ng nh&#432; bi&#7879;n ph&#225;p t&#7841;m th&#7901;i c&#243; ki&#7875;m so&#225;t y t&#7871; ch&#7863;t ch&#7869; (Cochrane Review, Horn et al. 2021). &#272;&#243; l&#224; chuy&#7879;n HO&#192;N TO&#192;N kh&#225;c v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c m&#7865; b&#7871; con ra hi&#234;n nh&#224; ho&#7863;c &#273;&#7875; b&#233; n&#7857;m c&#7841;nh c&#7917;a s&#7893; &#273;&#243;n n&#7855;ng s&#225;ng (v&#7889;n l&#224; th&#7921;c h&#224;nh kh&#225; ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n trong d&#226;n gian Vi&#7879;t Nam, m&#236;nh c&#361;ng t&#7915;ng n&#7857;m trong s&#7889; n&#224;y ch&#7899; c&#243; ph&#7843;i cao si&#234;u g&#236; &#273;&#226;u haha).</span></p><p><span>M&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#7915;a c&#244;ng b&#7889; n&#259;m 2026 &#273;o tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p l&#432;&#7907;ng &#225;nh s&#225;ng xanh xuy&#234;n qua 7 lo&#7841;i k&#237;nh c&#7917;a s&#7893; d&#226;n d&#7909;ng ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n, v&#224; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; kh&#225; b&#7845;t ng&#7901;: l&#432;&#7907;ng &#225;nh s&#225;ng xanh l&#7885;t qua k&#237;nh nh&#224; m&#236;nh cao g&#7845;p 3&#8211;8 L&#7846;N so v&#7899;i li&#7873;u chi&#7871;u &#273;&#232;n t&#237;ch c&#7921;c trong b&#7879;nh vi&#7879;n, t&#7913;c l&#224; ho&#224;n to&#224;n KH&#212;NG ki&#7875;m so&#225;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c li&#7873;u, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#8220;y&#7871;u h&#417;n n&#234;n an to&#224;n h&#417;n&#8221; nh&#432; nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i ngh&#297;. &#272;&#227; v&#7853;y, k&#237;nh c&#7917;a s&#7893; th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng v&#7851;n &#273;&#7875; l&#7885;t 70&#8211;90% tia UVA v&#224; h&#7891;ng ngo&#7841;i, nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; kh&#244;ng gi&#250;p g&#236; cho vi&#7879;c h&#7841; v&#224;ng da, m&#224; ch&#7881; mang l&#7841;i nguy c&#417; ch&#225;y n&#7855;ng, b&#7887;ng da v&#224; qu&#225; nhi&#7879;t cho l&#224;n da v&#7889;n r&#7845;t m&#7887;ng manh c&#7911;a tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh (Sequ&#237;-Canet et al., 2026). &#272;&#243; l&#224; c&#242;n ch&#432;a k&#7875; t&#7899;i vi&#7879;c m&#7843;i ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng &#8220;ch&#7901; xem c&#243; &#273;&#7905; kh&#244;ng&#8221; c&#243; th&#7875; khi&#7871;n m&#7865; tr&#236; ho&#227;n &#273;&#432;a con &#273;i &#273;o bilirubin khi th&#7921;c s&#7921; c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t.</span></p><p><span>Ch&#237;nh v&#236; v&#7853;y m&#224; c&#225;c t&#7893; ch&#7913;c y t&#7871; l&#7899;n nh&#432; Safer Care Victoria (&#218;c) &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#227; n&#234;u r&#245;: ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng kh&#244;ng c&#242;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c khuy&#7871;n c&#225;o &#273;&#7875; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; v&#224;ng da v&#236; nguy c&#417; ch&#225;y n&#7855;ng v&#224; qu&#225; nhi&#7879;t. Cancer Council Australia c&#361;ng kh&#7859;ng &#273;&#7883;nh vi&#7879;c &#273;&#7875; b&#233; ti&#7871;p x&#250;c tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p v&#7899;i n&#7855;ng &#273;&#7875; &#8220;ch&#7919;a&#8221; v&#224;ng da l&#224; kh&#244;ng ph&#249; h&#7907;p, v&#224; khuy&#7871;n c&#225;o tr&#7867; d&#432;&#7899;i 12 th&#225;ng n&#234;n tr&#225;nh n&#7855;ng tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p khi ch&#7881; s&#7889; UV t&#7915; 3 tr&#7903; l&#234;n. Vi&#7871;t &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#226;y, h&#7859;n c&#243; m&#7865; s&#7869; h&#7889;t ho&#7843;ng: &#8220;&#7890;, nh&#432; v&#7853;y l&#224; t&#244;i kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng cho con sao?&#8221; Kh&#244;ng h&#7873; nh&#233;!  Ra ngo&#224;i h&#237;t th&#7903; kh&#244;ng kh&#237;, ng&#7855;m c&#7843;nh v&#7851;n lu&#244;n t&#7889;t cho nh&#7883;p sinh h&#7885;c v&#224; tinh th&#7847;n c&#7911;a c&#7843; m&#7865; l&#7851;n con, v&#236; n&#7855;ng tr&#7901;i c&#243; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u l&#7907;i &#237;ch m&#224; m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; chia s&#7867; &#7903; </span><a href="https://www.webcuame.com/p/viec-bo-sung-vitamin-d-nhan-tao-a"><span>b&#224;i n&#224;y</span></a><span>. Ch&#7881; l&#224; &#273;&#7915;ng xem vi&#7879;c ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng nh&#432; m&#7897;t &#8220;li&#7879;u ph&#225;p &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; v&#224;ng da&#8221; t&#7841;i nh&#224;.</span></p><h3><strong><span>IV. V&#7853;y khi con v&#224;ng da, m&#7865; n&#234;n t&#236;m ai h&#7895; tr&#7907;?</span></strong></h3><p><span>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; ch&#7895; m&#236;nh mu&#7889;n n&#243;i r&#245;, v&#236; nhi&#7873;u m&#7865; hay l&#7851;n l&#7897;n vai tr&#242; c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#7895; tr&#7907; nu&#244;i con b&#7857;ng s&#7919;a m&#7865;, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n ho&#7863;c qu&#225; lo l&#7855;ng t&#7921; x&#7917; l&#253; m&#7897;t m&#236;nh, ho&#7863;c tin nh&#7847;m l&#7901;i khuy&#234;n kh&#244;ng &#273;&#250;ng chuy&#234;n m&#244;n.</span></p><p><strong><span>T&#432; V&#7845;n Vi&#234;n S&#7919;a M&#7865; (BC, Breastfeeding Counselor)</span></strong><span>, th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; c&#225;c m&#7865; &#273;&#227; c&#243; kinh nghi&#7879;m nu&#244;i con b&#7857;ng s&#7919;a m&#7865;, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#224;o t&#7841;o ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n &#273;&#7875; h&#7895; tr&#7907; &#273;&#7891;ng &#273;&#7859;ng &#7903; c&#7845;p c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng. Vai tr&#242; c&#7911;a BC trong c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n v&#224;ng da l&#224; l&#224;m &#8220;ng&#432;&#7901;i g&#225;c c&#7893;ng&#8221; tuy&#7871;n &#273;&#7847;u: l&#7855;ng nghe, tr&#7845;n an t&#226;m l&#253; m&#7865; (v&#236; m&#7865; n&#224;o c&#361;ng ho&#7843;ng khi th&#7845;y con v&#224;ng), h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n t&#432; th&#7871; b&#250; c&#417; b&#7843;n &#273;&#7875; b&#233; b&#250; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; h&#417;n, v&#224; quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t l&#224; NH&#7852;N RA S&#7898;M khi c&#243; d&#7845;u hi&#7879;u b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7875; ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u m&#7865; &#273;&#7871;n IBCLC ho&#7863;c b&#225;c s&#297; ngay, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng t&#7921; m&#236;nh ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n hay khuy&#234;n x&#7917; tr&#237; y khoa (k&#7875; c&#7843; chuy&#7879;n ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng hay u&#7889;ng D).</span></p><p><strong><span>Chuy&#234;n Gia IBCLC (International Board Certified Lactation Consultant)</span></strong><span> l&#224; chuy&#234;n vi&#234;n y t&#7871; li&#234;n ng&#224;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7913;ng nh&#7853;n qu&#7889;c t&#7871;, tr&#7843;i qua t&#7889;i thi&#7875;u 14 m&#244;n khoa h&#7885;c s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e, 95 gi&#7901; l&#253; thuy&#7871;t chuy&#234;n s&#226;u v&#224; 300&#8211;1.000 gi&#7901; th&#7921;c h&#224;nh l&#226;m s&#224;ng c&#243; gi&#225;m s&#225;t tr&#432;&#7899;c khi thi l&#7845;y ch&#7913;ng ch&#7881; c&#7911;a H&#7897;i &#273;&#7891;ng IBLCE. V&#7899;i m&#7897;t ca v&#224;ng da, IBCLC l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i:</span></p><p><span>&#8226; &#272;&#225;nh gi&#225; kh&#7899;p ng&#7853;m v&#224; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; chuy&#7875;n s&#7919;a c&#7911;a b&#233;, v&#236; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p v&#224;ng da t&#259;ng trong tu&#7847;n &#273;&#7847;u l&#224; do v&#224;ng da v&#236; b&#250; ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; (suboptimal intake jaundice): kh&#7899;p ng&#7853;m ch&#432;a t&#7889;t khi&#7871;n b&#233; nh&#7853;n &#237;t s&#7919;a non, ch&#7853;m t&#7889;ng xu&#7845;t ph&#226;n su, l&#224;m t&#259;ng t&#225;i h&#7845;p thu bilirubin qua chu tr&#236;nh ru&#7897;t-gan.</span></p><p><span>&#8226; H&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n m&#7865; t&#7889;i &#432;u h&#243;a c&#7919; b&#250;, c&#7909; th&#7875; l&#224; cho b&#250; t&#237;ch c&#7921;c 8&#8211;12 c&#7919;/ng&#224;y, ch&#7881;nh t&#432; th&#7871; &#273;&#7875; b&#233; nu&#7889;t s&#7919;a hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; h&#417;n (theo ABM Clinical Protocol #22, Revised 2017).</span></p><p><span>&#8226; Nh&#7853;n di&#7879;n v&#224;ng da s&#7919;a m&#7865; (breast milk jaundice), hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng l&#224;nh t&#237;nh, kh&#7903;i ph&#225;t tu&#7847;n th&#7913; 2&#8211;3 v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; k&#233;o d&#224;i &#273;&#7871;n 2&#8211;3 th&#225;ng &#7903; tr&#7867; b&#250; m&#7865; ho&#224;n to&#224;n, b&#233; v&#7851;n t&#259;ng c&#226;n t&#7889;t, lanh l&#7907;i, &#273;i ti&#234;u ph&#226;n v&#224;ng b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng. Tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p n&#224;y KH&#212;NG c&#7847;n ng&#7915;ng b&#250; v&#224; c&#224;ng kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng.</span></p><p><span>&#8226; L&#7853;p k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch ch&#259;m s&#243;c c&#225; nh&#226;n h&#243;a v&#224; ph&#7889;i h&#7907;p c&#249;ng b&#225;c s&#297; Nhi khi ca b&#7879;nh ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p h&#417;n (tr&#7867; sinh non, s&#7909;t c&#226;n nhi&#7873;u, v&#224;ng da k&#233;o d&#224;i b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng).</span></p><p><strong><span>Tuy&#7871;n B&#225;c S&#297; Chuy&#234;n Khoa</span></strong><span> l&#224; n&#417;i duy nh&#7845;t c&#243; th&#7849;m quy&#7873;n &#273;o n&#7891;ng &#273;&#7897; bilirubin m&#225;u/qua da (TSB/TcB), ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n v&#224; ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh chi&#7871;u &#273;&#232;n (phototherapy) ho&#7863;c c&#225;c can thi&#7879;p y khoa kh&#225;c. M&#7865; c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;a b&#233; &#273;&#7871;n b&#225;c s&#297; NGAY, kh&#244;ng ch&#7901; &#273;&#7907;i, n&#7871;u th&#7845;y m&#7897;t trong hai nh&#243;m d&#7845;u hi&#7879;u sau:</span></p><p><strong><span>Nh&#243;m c&#7843;nh b&#225;o bilirubin t&#259;ng nhanh, nguy c&#417; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng n&#227;o b&#7897;: </span></strong><span>v&#224;ng da xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n tr&#432;&#7899;c 24 gi&#7901; tu&#7893;i, lan nhanh xu&#7889;ng b&#7909;ng/&#273;&#249;i, k&#232;m b&#233; b&#250; k&#233;m, li b&#236; kh&#243; &#273;&#225;nh th&#7913;c, gi&#7843;m tr&#432;&#417;ng l&#7921;c c&#417;.</span></p><p><strong><span>Nh&#243;m c&#7843;nh b&#225;o t&#7855;c m&#7853;t (m&#7897;t b&#7879;nh c&#7843;nh HO&#192;N TO&#192;N kh&#225;c, d&#7877; b&#7883; nh&#7847;m l&#224; v&#224;ng da s&#7919;a m&#7865; l&#224;nh t&#237;nh): </span></strong><span>ph&#226;n b&#7841;c m&#224;u (tr&#7855;ng/x&#225;m) v&#224; n&#432;&#7899;c ti&#7875;u s&#7851;m m&#224;u k&#233;o d&#224;i qu&#225; 2 tu&#7847;n tu&#7893;i: &#273;&#226;y c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; d&#7845;u hi&#7879;u c&#7911;a teo &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng m&#7853;t b&#7849;m sinh, c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n v&#224; can thi&#7879;p ph&#7851;u thu&#7853;t tr&#432;&#7899;c 6&#8211;8 tu&#7847;n tu&#7893;i &#273;&#7875; b&#7843;o t&#7891;n ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng gan cho b&#233;, n&#234;n tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7911; quan &#8220;ch&#7855;c l&#224; v&#224;ng da s&#7919;a m&#7865;, t&#7915; t&#7915; r&#7891;i h&#7871;t&#8221;.</span></p><p><span>M&#244; h&#236;nh ph&#7889;i h&#7907;p BC-IBCLC-B&#225;c s&#297; n&#224;y kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n chia &#8220;ai gi&#7887;i h&#417;n ai&#8221;, m&#224; &#273;&#7875; m&#7895;i tuy&#7871;n l&#224;m &#273;&#250;ng ph&#7847;n vi&#7879;c m&#236;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#224;o t&#7841;o, nh&#7901; v&#7853;y m&#7865; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#7895; tr&#7907; &#273;&#250;ng l&#250;c, &#273;&#250;ng ch&#7895;, v&#224; b&#233; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c an to&#224;n.</span></p><h3><strong><span>L&#7901;i k&#7871;t</span></strong></h3><p><span>V&#224;ng da s&#417; sinh l&#224; chuy&#7879;n r&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng g&#7863;p, v&#224; ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n s&#7869; t&#7921; h&#7871;t m&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n l&#224;m g&#236; &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t ngo&#224;i vi&#7879;c cho b&#233; b&#250; &#273;&#7911;, b&#250; &#273;&#250;ng. Vitamin D kh&#244;ng ch&#7919;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c v&#224;ng da, ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng qua c&#7917;a s&#7893; c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#8220;li&#7879;u ph&#225;p&#8221; an to&#224;n nh&#432; nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#7851;n ngh&#297;. C&#7843; hai ng&#7897; nh&#7853;n n&#224;y &#273;&#7873;u xu&#7845;t ph&#225;t t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng l&#7901;i gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch nghe qua c&#243; v&#7867; h&#7907;p l&#253;, nh&#432;ng khi truy &#273;&#7871;n t&#7853;n g&#7889;c c&#417; ch&#7871; sinh h&#7885;c th&#236; l&#7841;i &#273;i sai &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng. &#272;i&#7873;u m&#7865; c&#7847;n l&#224;m kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; t&#7921; m&#224;y m&#242; &#8220;m&#7865;o d&#226;n gian&#8221;, m&#224; l&#224; t&#236;m &#273;&#250;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#7895; tr&#7907; &#273;&#250;ng l&#250;c: t&#7915; t&#432; v&#7845;n vi&#234;n s&#7919;a m&#7865; cho nh&#7919;ng lo l&#7855;ng ban &#273;&#7847;u, &#273;&#7871;n IBCLC khi c&#7847;n &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; k&#7929; h&#417;n, v&#224; b&#225;c s&#297; khi c&#243; d&#7845;u hi&#7879;u c&#7847;n theo d&#245;i y khoa th&#7921;c s&#7921;.</span></p><h1><strong><span>T&#224;i li&#7879;u tham kh&#7843;o</span></strong></h1><p><span>&#8226; StatPearls. Neonatal Jaundice. NCBI Bookshelf, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532930/"><span>NBK532930</span></a><span>.</span></p><p><span>&#8226; StatPearls. Physiology, Fetal Hemoglobin. NCBI Bookshelf, </span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500011/"><span>NBK500011</span></a><span>.</span></p><p><span>&#8226; Safer Care Victoria. Neonatal eHandbook - Jaundice in neonates. </span><a href="https://www.safercare.vic.gov.au/best-practice-improvement/clinical-guidance/neonatal/jaundice-in-neonates"><span>safercare.vic.gov.au</span></a></p><p><span>&#8226; Cancer Council Australia. Sun Protection for Babies. </span><a href="https://www.cancer.org.au/about-us/policy-and-advocacy/prevention/uv-radiation/related-resources/sun-protection-babies"><span>cancer.org.au</span></a></p><p><span>&#8226; Horn D, Ehret D, Gautham KS, Soll R. (2021). Sunlight for the prevention and treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in term and late preterm neonates. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. </span><a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8259558/"><span>PMC8259558</span></a><span>.</span></p><p><span>&#8226; Sequ&#237;-Canet JM, Alba-Fern&#225;ndez J, del Rey-Tormos R, Angelats-Romero CM, Sequ&#237;-Sabater JM. (2026). Sunlight through residential glazing and prevention of neonatal jaundice. Anales de Pediatr&#237;a (English Edition), 104(5). DOI: </span><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpede.2026.504206"><span>10.1016/j.anpede.2026.504206</span></a><span>.</span></p><p><span>&#8226; Kemper AR, Newman TB, Slaughter JL, et al. (2022). Clinical Practice Guideline Revision: Management of Hyperbilirubinemia in the Newborn Infant 35 or More Weeks of Gestation. Pediatrics, 150(3):e2022058859. DOI: </span><a href="https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2022-058859"><span>10.1542/peds.2022-058859</span></a><span>.</span></p><p><span>&#8226; Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine. (2017). ABM Clinical Protocol #22: Guidelines for Management of Jaundice in the Breastfeeding Infant &#8805;35 Weeks&#8217; Gestation - Revised 2017. Breastfeeding Medicine, 12(5). PMID: </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29624434/"><span>29624434</span></a><span>.</span></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe"><span>&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Giữ tỉnh thức giữa ‘bão tin đồn’ gây bất an]]></title><description><![CDATA[M&#7845;y h&#244;m nay, m&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i x&#244;n xao tr&#432;&#7899;c m&#7897;t th&#244;ng tin kh&#225; gi&#7853;t g&#226;n trong c&#225;c h&#7897;i nh&#243;m b&#7881;m s&#7919;a: &#8220;1 l&#237;t s&#7919;a b&#242; &#273;&#7841;t chu&#7849;n FDA ch&#7913;a &#273;&#7871;n 750 tri&#7879;u t&#7871; b&#224;o m&#7911;, ngh&#297;a l&#224; ly s&#7919;a n&#224;o con b&#7841;n u&#7889;ng c&#361;ng c&#243; &#237;t nh&#7845;t 1 gi&#7885;t m&#7911;!&#8221;]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/giu-tinh-thuc-giua-bao-tin-on-gay</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/giu-tinh-thuc-giua-bao-tin-on-gay</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 12 Sep 2026 06:14:16 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EJ3J!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cdce756-c5c4-4c5d-92b1-d0de7ab02f76_2816x1536.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EJ3J!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cdce756-c5c4-4c5d-92b1-d0de7ab02f76_2816x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EJ3J!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cdce756-c5c4-4c5d-92b1-d0de7ab02f76_2816x1536.jpeg" width="1456" height="794" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EJ3J!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cdce756-c5c4-4c5d-92b1-d0de7ab02f76_2816x1536.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EJ3J!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cdce756-c5c4-4c5d-92b1-d0de7ab02f76_2816x1536.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EJ3J!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cdce756-c5c4-4c5d-92b1-d0de7ab02f76_2816x1536.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EJ3J!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cdce756-c5c4-4c5d-92b1-d0de7ab02f76_2816x1536.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>M&#7845;y h&#244;m nay, m&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i x&#244;n xao tr&#432;&#7899;c m&#7897;t th&#244;ng tin kh&#225; gi&#7853;t g&#226;n trong c&#225;c h&#7897;i nh&#243;m b&#7881;m s&#7919;a: &#8220;1 l&#237;t s&#7919;a b&#242; &#273;&#7841;t chu&#7849;n FDA ch&#7913;a &#273;&#7871;n 750 tri&#7879;u t&#7871; b&#224;o m&#7911;, ngh&#297;a l&#224; ly s&#7919;a n&#224;o con b&#7841;n u&#7889;ng c&#361;ng c&#243; &#237;t nh&#7845;t 1 gi&#7885;t m&#7911;!&#8221;</p><p>Truy nguy&#234;n ngu&#7891;n g&#7889;c th&#236; m&#236;nh th&#7845;y r&#7857;ng tin &#273;&#7891;n n&#224;y th&#7853;t ra kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i m&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y, m&#224; n&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; xu&#7845;t ph&#225;t t&#7915; c&#225;c b&#224;i vi&#7871;t tuy&#234;n truy&#7873;n ch&#7889;ng s&#7919;a tr&#234;n m&#7841;ng, v&#224; m&#7897;t ngu&#7891;n s&#7899;m, d&#7877; l&#7847;n ra l&#224; b&#224;i &#8220;How Many Pus Cells Are In Your Milk&#8221; tr&#234;n Food Matters, d&#7851;n l&#7841;i m&#7897;t b&#224;i c&#7911;a Charlotte Gerson v&#224; tr&#237;ch con s&#7889; &#8220;750 million pus cells per liter&#8221; nh&#432; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch g&#226;y s&#7889;c. (theo Food Matters, 2009) C&#225;c trang kh&#225;c sau &#273;&#243; tr&#237;ch l&#7841;i v&#224; r&#7891;i n&#243; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh tin &#273;&#7891;n (m&#236;nh c&#243; &#273;&#7875; ngu&#7891;n &#7903; danh s&#225;ch b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i cho b&#7841;n tham kh&#7843;o, n&#7871;u b&#7841;n t&#236;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ngu&#7891;n n&#224;o kh&#225;c th&#236; cho m&#236;nh bi&#7871;t lu&#244;n nghen).</p><p>Nghe qua, b&#7845;t k&#7923; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224;m cha m&#7865; n&#224;o c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng tr&#225;nh kh&#7887;i c&#7843;m gi&#225;c hoang mang, lo s&#7907; cho s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e c&#7911;a con m&#236;nh. Nh&#432;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c khi ch&#250;ng ta &#273;&#7875; n&#7895;i b&#7845;t an &#7845;y cu&#7889;n &#273;i, m&#236;nh mu&#7889;n c&#249;ng ba m&#7865; d&#7915;ng l&#7841;i m&#7897;t nh&#7883;p, nh&#236;n nh&#7853;n c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n n&#224;y b&#7857;ng m&#7897;t l&#259;ng k&#237;nh th&#7845;u c&#7843;m v&#224; khoa h&#7885;c h&#417;n.</p><p><strong>S&#7921; &#273;&#7891;ng c&#7843;m ph&#237;a sau nh&#7919;ng th&#244;ng &#273;i&#7879;p m&#7841;nh m&#7869;</strong></p><p>Tr&#432;&#7899;c h&#7871;t, ch&#250;ng ta c&#7847;n hi&#7875;u r&#7857;ng, nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i chia s&#7867; th&#244;ng tin n&#224;y, d&#249; l&#224; c&#225;c m&#7865; s&#7919;a hay c&#225;c t&#432; v&#7845;n vi&#234;n, &#273;&#7873;u xu&#7845;t ph&#225;t t&#7915; m&#7897;t tr&#225;i tim v&#244; c&#249;ng &#7845;m &#225;p v&#224; t&#236;nh y&#234;u th&#432;&#417;ng v&#244; b&#7901; b&#7871;n &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i tr&#7867; th&#417;. V&#236; qu&#225; mong mu&#7889;n m&#7885;i em b&#233; &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#432;&#7903;ng d&#242;ng s&#7919;a m&#7865; ng&#7885;t ng&#224;o, &#273;&#244;i khi trong h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh lan t&#7887;a &#273;i&#7873;u t&#7889;t &#273;&#7865;p &#273;&#243;, s&#7921; k&#7871;t n&#7889;i c&#7843;m x&#250;c m&#7841;nh m&#7869; d&#7877; khi&#7871;n ch&#250;ng ta ch&#250; &#253; v&#224; tin v&#224;o nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u kh&#7849;u hi&#7879;u c&#243; t&#237;nh t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng cao, m&#224; ch&#432;a k&#7883;p truy nguy&#234;n nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p &#273;&#7857;ng sau.</p><p>&#272;&#243; ho&#224;n to&#224;n l&#224; s&#7921; x&#250;c &#273;&#7897;ng v&#224; t&#226;m huy&#7871;t c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224;m ngh&#7873;, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i m&#7897;t &#253; ni&#7879;m h&#249; d&#7885;a &#225;c &#253;. Tuy nhi&#234;n, &#273;&#7875; ba m&#7865; c&#243; th&#7875; nu&#244;i con trong s&#7921; b&#236;nh y&#234;n, ch&#250;ng ta h&#227;y c&#249;ng nhau l&#224;m r&#245; kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m khoa h&#7885;c n&#224;y nh&#233;!</p><p><strong>1. &#8220;T&#7871; b&#224;o Soma&#8221; (Somatic cell) l&#224; g&#236;? C&#243; ph&#7843;i l&#224; m&#7911; kh&#244;ng?</strong></p><p>Con s&#7889; &#8220;750 tri&#7879;u&#8221; th&#7921;c ch&#7845;t b&#7855;t ngu&#7891;n t&#7915; m&#7897;t thu&#7853;t ng&#7919; sinh h&#7885;c b&#7883; hi&#7875;u nh&#7847;m: T&#7871; b&#224;o soma.</p><p>Trong sinh h&#7885;c, t&#7871; b&#224;o soma &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n l&#224; nh&#7919;ng t&#7871; b&#224;o c&#417; th&#7875; b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng (nh&#432; t&#7871; b&#224;o bi&#7875;u m&#244;, hay c&#225;c t&#7871; b&#224;o b&#7841;ch c&#7847;u &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch).</p><p>Trong s&#7919;a (k&#7875; c&#7843; s&#7919;a m&#7865; hay s&#7919;a b&#242;), t&#7871; b&#224;o soma lu&#244;n t&#7891;n t&#7841;i t&#7921; nhi&#234;n. Ch&#250;ng g&#7891;m c&#225;c t&#7871; b&#224;o bi&#7875;u m&#244; bong ra t&#7915; tuy&#7871;n v&#250; trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh ti&#7871;t s&#7919;a v&#224; t&#7871; b&#224;o b&#7841;ch c&#7847;u b&#7843;o v&#7879; c&#417; th&#7875;. (theo NIH &#8211; National Human Genome Research Institute)</p><p>&#272;&#7875; d&#7877; h&#236;nh dung, m&#7865; c&#7913; ngh&#297; t&#7871; b&#224;o soma gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; l&#7899;p da ch&#7871;t m&#224; c&#417; th&#7875; m&#236;nh v&#7851;n &#226;m th&#7847;m bong ra m&#7895;i ng&#224;y &#8211; tuy&#7871;n v&#250; c&#7911;a b&#242; c&#361;ng li&#234;n t&#7909;c &#8220;thay l&#7899;p l&#243;t&#8221; b&#234;n trong khi ti&#7871;t s&#7919;a, &#273;&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t qu&#225; tr&#236;nh sinh l&#253; b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i d&#7845;u hi&#7879;u c&#7911;a b&#7879;nh t&#7853;t hay &#244; nhi&#7877;m.<a href="#_msocom_1">[CWS1]</a></p><p>V&#236; v&#7853;y, t&#7871; b&#224;o soma l&#224; m&#7897;t th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n sinh h&#7885;c b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng, ho&#224;n to&#224;n kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7891;ng ngh&#297;a v&#7899;i &#8220;m&#7911;&#8221;. &#272;&#225;nh &#273;&#7891;ng hai kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m n&#224;y l&#224; m&#7897;t s&#7921; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n h&#243;a qu&#225; m&#7913;c, v&#244; t&#236;nh t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t h&#236;nh &#7843;nh g&#226;y hoang mang.</p><p><strong>2. &#221; ngh&#297;a th&#7921;c s&#7921; c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng con s&#7889;</strong></p><p>C&#417; quan Qu&#7843;n l&#253; Th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m v&#224; D&#432;&#7907;c ph&#7849;m M&#7929; (FDA) &#273;&#432;a ra gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n t&#7889;i &#273;a &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i s&#7919;a Grade A l&#224; 750.000 t&#7871; b&#224;o soma/mL (theo FDA/NCIMS &#8211; Grade A Pasteurized Milk Ordinance, b&#7843;n 2013). Khi nh&#226;n cho 1 l&#237;t (1.000 mL), ch&#250;ng ta c&#243; con s&#7889; 750 tri&#7879;u. T&#7841;i Vi&#7879;t Nam, Quy chu&#7849;n QCVN 01-186:2017/BNNPTNT c&#361;ng ki&#7875;m so&#225;t ng&#432;&#7905;ng n&#224;y kh&#244;ng v&#432;&#7907;t qu&#225; 1.000.000 t&#7871; b&#224;o/mL (theo QCVN 01-186:2017/BNNPTNT, B&#7897; NN&amp;PTNT).</p><p><em>Nh&#432;ng &#253; ngh&#297;a th&#7921;c s&#7921; c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; g&#236;?</em></p><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; NG&#431;&#7904;NG K&#7928; THU&#7852;T &#273;&#7875; qu&#7843;n l&#253; ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng v&#224; theo d&#245;i s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e &#273;&#224;n b&#242;, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; l&#432;&#7907;ng m&#7911; cho ph&#233;p trong ly s&#7919;a u&#7889;ng.</p><p>Tr&#234;n th&#7921;c t&#7871;, s&#7919;a th&#432;&#417;ng ph&#7849;m &#273;&#7841;t chu&#7849;n &#273;&#7871;n tay ng&#432;&#7901;i ti&#234;u d&#249;ng c&#243; ch&#7881; s&#7889; t&#7871; b&#224;o soma th&#7845;p h&#417;n r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u (theo Penn State Extension, 2023). K&#7871;t lu&#7853;n n&#224;y &#225;p d&#7909;ng cho s&#7919;a b&#242; t&#432;&#417;i/s&#7919;a n&#432;&#7899;c th&#432;&#417;ng ph&#7849;m n&#243;i chung &#8211; k&#7875; c&#7843; s&#7919;a b&#242; d&#249;ng l&#224;m nguy&#234;n li&#7879;u s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t s&#7919;a c&#244;ng th&#7913;c &#8211; ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n &#7903; m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7909; th&#7875; n&#224;o.</p><p>Quan tr&#7885;ng h&#417;n, theo c&#225;c th&#7921;c h&#224;nh ch&#259;n nu&#244;i ti&#234;u chu&#7849;n qu&#7889;c t&#7871; v&#224; Vi&#7879;t Nam, s&#7919;a t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng ch&#250; b&#242; b&#7883; vi&#234;m nhi&#7877;m n&#7863;ng (th&#7921;c s&#7921; c&#243; m&#7911;) s&#7869; b&#7883; lo&#7841;i b&#7887; ngay t&#7915; n&#244;ng tr&#7841;i, tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#432;a v&#224;o chu&#7895;i ch&#7871; bi&#7871;n c&#7911;a nh&#224; m&#225;y. (theo Dairy Australia, 2023)</p><p>C&#361;ng c&#7847;n n&#243;i th&#234;m: ch&#7881; s&#7889; t&#7871; b&#224;o soma t&#259;ng cao v&#7851;n c&#243; &#253; ngh&#297;a l&#226;m s&#224;ng &#8211; &#273;&#243; l&#224; d&#7845;u hi&#7879;u b&#242; &#273;ang b&#7883; vi&#234;m v&#250; &#7903; m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; nh&#7865;, th&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#432;a c&#243; tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng r&#245; r&#224;ng (vi&#234;m c&#7853;n l&#226;m s&#224;ng). &#272;&#226;y ch&#237;nh l&#224; l&#253; do ng&#224;nh s&#7919;a d&#249;ng ch&#7881; s&#7889; n&#224;y &#273;&#7875; gi&#225;m s&#225;t s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e &#273;&#224;n b&#242;. Nh&#432;ng &#7903; m&#7913;c trong ng&#432;&#7905;ng cho ph&#233;p, n&#243; ph&#7843;n &#225;nh t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng vi&#234;m nh&#7865; ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng t&#7841;o th&#224;nh m&#7911; theo ngh&#297;a &#273;en (d&#7883;ch vi&#234;m r&#245; r&#7879;t, c&#243; m&#249;i ho&#7863;c m&#224;u b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng) nh&#432; tin &#273;&#7891;n m&#244; t&#7843; (theo Penn State Extension, 2023).</p><p>H&#227;y ghi nh&#7853;n n&#7895; l&#7921;c c&#7911;a ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh v&#224; nu&#244;i con trong b&#236;nh y&#234;n H&#224;nh tr&#236;nh l&#224;m cha m&#7865; v&#7889;n &#273;&#227; c&#243; qu&#225; nhi&#7873;u &#225;p l&#7921;c, t&#7915; vi&#7879;c c&#226;n &#273;o &#273;ong &#273;&#7871;m t&#7915;ng b&#7919;a &#259;n &#273;&#7871;n gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; c&#7911;a con. B&#7843;n th&#226;n t&#236;nh y&#234;u th&#432;&#417;ng d&#224;nh cho s&#7919;a m&#7865; l&#224; m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u v&#244; c&#249;ng thi&#234;ng li&#234;ng. Nh&#432;ng t&#236;nh y&#234;u th&#432;&#417;ng v&#224; khoa h&#7885;c ch&#226;n ch&#237;nh lu&#244;n l&#224; m&#7897;t d&#242;ng ch&#7843;y trong l&#224;nh, kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#226;y d&#7921;ng tr&#234;n nh&#7919;ng n&#7895;i s&#7907; h&#227;i v&#244; h&#236;nh.</p><p>M&#7885;i l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n nu&#244;i d&#432;&#7905;ng nu&#244;i con khi &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#432;a ra d&#7921;a tr&#234;n ho&#224;n c&#7843;nh v&#224; s&#7921; n&#7895; l&#7921;c c&#7911;a gia &#273;&#236;nh, &#273;&#7873;u x&#7913;ng &#273;&#225;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#226;n tr&#7885;ng.</p><p>L&#7901;i nh&#7855;n g&#7917;i &#273;&#7871;n c&#225;c b&#7853;c ph&#7909; huynh: M&#7895;i khi &#273;&#7913;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c m&#7897;t th&#244;ng tin khi&#7871;n ba m&#7865; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y hoang mang hay t&#7897;i l&#7895;i, h&#227;y &#225;p d&#7909;ng &#8220;b&#7897; l&#7885;c&#8221; t&#7881;nh th&#7913;c:</p><p>Th&#7845;u hi&#7875;u c&#7843;m x&#250;c: Hi&#7875;u r&#7857;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i vi&#7871;t c&#243; th&#7875; v&#236; qu&#225; t&#226;m huy&#7871;t v&#7899;i s&#7919;a m&#7865; n&#234;n d&#249;ng t&#7915; ng&#7919; m&#7841;nh m&#7869; &#273;&#7875; k&#234;u g&#7885;i.</p><p>Ki&#7875;m ch&#7913;ng ngu&#7891;n g&#7889;c: T&#236;m hi&#7875;u xem con s&#7889; &#273;&#243; l&#224; quy chu&#7849;n k&#7929; thu&#7853;t hay ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#226;u kh&#7849;u hi&#7879;u tr&#234;n m&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i.</p><p>Tin v&#224;o h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh c&#7911;a m&#236;nh: S&#7921; b&#236;nh y&#234;n, t&#7881;nh t&#225;o c&#7911;a cha m&#7865; l&#224; m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t cho s&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#7911;a con.</p><p><span>C&#7843;m &#417;n ba m&#7865; v&#236; &#273;&#227; lu&#244;n g&#7841;n &#273;&#7909;c kh&#417;i trong, n&#7895; l&#7921;c m&#7895;i ng&#224;y &#273;&#7875; mang &#273;&#7871;n cho con nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u t&#7889;t &#273;&#7865;p v&#224; khoa h&#7885;c nh&#7845;t!</span></p><p>T&#192;I LI&#7878;U THAM KH&#7842;O</p><p>1. Dairy Australia. <a href="https://www.dairy.com.au/you-ask-we-answer/what-are-the-samples-tested-for-and-how-do-the-results-impact-the-farmer-and-processor">Milk samples are tested in a laboratory for nutrient composition, quality and safety</a>. 2026.</p><p>2. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) / National Conference on Interstate Milk Shipments (NCIMS). <a href="https://extension.purdue.edu/4-H/_docs/2013-pmo-final-section-7-grade-a-standards.pdf">Grade &#8220;A&#8221; Pasteurized Milk Ordinance (PMO), Section 7: Standards for Grade A Milk</a> (b&#7843;n 2013, ng&#432;&#7905;ng 750.000 t&#7871; b&#224;o soma/mL cho s&#7919;a c&#225; th&#7875; n&#244;ng tr&#7841;i)</p><p>3. Penn State Extension. <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/milk-quality-effects-of-a-high-somatic-cell-count">Milk Quality Effects of a High Somatic Cell Count</a>. 2023.</p><p>4. Penn State Extension. <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/what-is-a-milking-evaluation-and-how-can-it-help-improve-milk-quality">What is a Milking Evaluation and How Can it Help Improve Milk Quality? </a></p><p>5. Dairy Australia. <a href="https://www.dairy.com.au/you-ask-we-answer/does-milk-contain-blood-and-pus">Does milk contain blood and pus?</a> 2023. (xem ghi ch&#250; v&#7873; ngu&#7891;n Dairy Australia &#7903; m&#7909;c 1)</p><p>6. B&#7897; N&#244;ng nghi&#7879;p v&#224; PTNT. QCVN 01-186:2017/BNNPTNT &#8211; <a href="https://luatvietnam.vn/thuc-pham/quy-chuan-viet-nam-qcvn-01-186-2017-bnnptnt-bo-nong-nghiep-va-phat-trien-nong-thon-156939-d3.html">Quy chu&#7849;n k&#7929; thu&#7853;t qu&#7889;c gia v&#7873; S&#7919;a t&#432;&#417;i nguy&#234;n li&#7879;u.</a></p><p>7. Jayarao BM, et al. <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0924224423001048">Milk somatic cell count: From conventional microscope method to new biosensor-based method</a>. 2023.</p><p>T&#243;m t&#7855;t t&#7841;i: </p><p>8. PETA Australia. <a href="https://www.peta.org.au/news/milk-contains-poo/">Does Australian Milk Contain Cow Poo?</a> 2024 &#8211; v&#237; d&#7909; v&#7873; di&#7877;n gi&#7843;i mang t&#237;nh v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng.</p><p>9. National Human Genome Research Institute. <a href="https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Somatic-Cells">Somatic Cells</a> &#8211; Genetics Home Reference Glossary.</p><p>10. Food Matters. <a href="https://www.foodmatters.com/article/how-many-pus-cells-are-in-your-milk">How Many Pus Cells Are In Your Milk</a>. 2009 </p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe"><span>&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Liệu có phải 98% mẹ đủ sữa cho con không?]]></title><description><![CDATA[D&#224;nh cho: T&#432; v&#7845;n vi&#234;n S&#7919;a m&#7865; / IBCLC.]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/lieu-co-phai-98-me-u-sua-cho-con</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/lieu-co-phai-98-me-u-sua-cho-con</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 09 Sep 2026 13:56:07 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r4e6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff7873a21-c73e-4132-8847-146ff9cf47b6_1024x1024.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em><span>D&#224;nh cho: T&#432; v&#7845;n vi&#234;n S&#7919;a m&#7865; / IBCLC. B&#224;i fact-check s&#7889; li&#7879;u, ph&#7909;c v&#7909; t&#432; v&#7845;n v&#224; truy&#7873;n th&#244;ng.</span></em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r4e6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff7873a21-c73e-4132-8847-146ff9cf47b6_1024x1024.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r4e6!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff7873a21-c73e-4132-8847-146ff9cf47b6_1024x1024.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r4e6!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff7873a21-c73e-4132-8847-146ff9cf47b6_1024x1024.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r4e6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff7873a21-c73e-4132-8847-146ff9cf47b6_1024x1024.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r4e6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff7873a21-c73e-4132-8847-146ff9cf47b6_1024x1024.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r4e6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff7873a21-c73e-4132-8847-146ff9cf47b6_1024x1024.jpeg" width="1024" height="1024" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f7873a21-c73e-4132-8847-146ff9cf47b6_1024x1024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1024,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:385945,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/i/214884881?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff7873a21-c73e-4132-8847-146ff9cf47b6_1024x1024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r4e6!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff7873a21-c73e-4132-8847-146ff9cf47b6_1024x1024.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r4e6!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff7873a21-c73e-4132-8847-146ff9cf47b6_1024x1024.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r4e6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff7873a21-c73e-4132-8847-146ff9cf47b6_1024x1024.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r4e6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff7873a21-c73e-4132-8847-146ff9cf47b6_1024x1024.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p><span>T&#432; v&#7845;n vi&#234;n S&#7919;a m&#7865; ch&#7855;c kh&#244;ng l&#7841; g&#236; c&#226;u n&#224;y: </span><em><span>&#8220;98% m&#7865; c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7911; s&#7919;a cho con, v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; ch&#7881; l&#224; kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t c&#225;ch.&#8221;</span></em><span> Nghe r&#7845;t c&#243; l&#253;, r&#7845;t truy&#7873;n c&#7843;m h&#7913;ng, v&#224; c&#361;ng r&#7845;t d&#7877; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#237;ch l&#7841;i trong bu&#7893;i t&#432; v&#7845;n hay b&#224;i truy&#7873;n th&#244;ng. Nh&#432;ng khi l&#7847;n theo con s&#7889; &#8220;98%&#8221; n&#224;y v&#7873; t&#7853;n ngu&#7891;n, m&#236;nh ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n ra kh&#244;ng c&#243; b&#225;o c&#225;o n&#224;o c&#7911;a WHO/UNICEF n&#243;i &#8220;98% m&#7865; c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7911; s&#7919;a&#8221; theo &#273;&#250;ng ngh&#297;a &#273;&#243; c&#7843;. B&#224;i n&#224;y l&#224; b&#7843;n fact-check d&#224;nh ri&#234;ng cho c&#225;c t&#432; v&#7845;n vi&#234;n, &#273;&#7875; m&#236;nh tr&#237;ch s&#7889; li&#7879;u &#273;&#250;ng ch&#7895;, v&#224; t&#7921; tin h&#417;n khi c&#243; m&#7865; h&#7887;i ng&#432;&#7907;c: &#8220;V&#7853;y c&#243; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng kh&#244;ng?&#8221;</span></p><h3><strong><span>I. Con s&#7889; &#8220;98%&#8221; th&#7853;t ra &#273;o c&#225;i g&#236;?</span></strong></h3><p><span>Khi l&#7847;n theo c&#225;c b&#225;o c&#225;o g&#7889;c c&#7911;a UNICEF/WHO, m&#236;nh t&#236;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#237;t nh&#7845;t ba con s&#7889; &#8220;98%&#8221; kh&#225;c nhau, v&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#225;i n&#224;o l&#224; &#8220;t&#7927; l&#7879; m&#7865; &#273;&#7911; s&#7919;a&#8221;.</span></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ibY_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F051dad22-8e2b-450d-8b0d-821d252ccec3_1024x1024.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ibY_!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F051dad22-8e2b-450d-8b0d-821d252ccec3_1024x1024.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ibY_!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F051dad22-8e2b-450d-8b0d-821d252ccec3_1024x1024.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ibY_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F051dad22-8e2b-450d-8b0d-821d252ccec3_1024x1024.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ibY_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F051dad22-8e2b-450d-8b0d-821d252ccec3_1024x1024.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ibY_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F051dad22-8e2b-450d-8b0d-821d252ccec3_1024x1024.jpeg" width="1024" height="1024" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/051dad22-8e2b-450d-8b0d-821d252ccec3_1024x1024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1024,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:355098,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/i/214884881?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F051dad22-8e2b-450d-8b0d-821d252ccec3_1024x1024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ibY_!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F051dad22-8e2b-450d-8b0d-821d252ccec3_1024x1024.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ibY_!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F051dad22-8e2b-450d-8b0d-821d252ccec3_1024x1024.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ibY_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F051dad22-8e2b-450d-8b0d-821d252ccec3_1024x1024.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ibY_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F051dad22-8e2b-450d-8b0d-821d252ccec3_1024x1024.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p><strong><span>1. T&#7927; l&#7879; tr&#7867; T&#7914;NG &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#250; m&#7865; (initiation), kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i t&#7927; l&#7879; duy tr&#236; &#273;&#7911; s&#7919;a</span></strong></p><p><span>UNICEF khu v&#7921;c Nam &#193; (13/5/2018) c&#244;ng b&#7889;: &#8220;&#205;t nh&#7845;t 98% tr&#7867; trong khu v&#7921;c t&#7915;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#250; m&#7865; v&#224;o m&#7897;t th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m n&#224;o &#273;&#243; trong &#273;&#7901;i, g&#7891;m Afghanistan (98%), Bhutan (99%), Nepal (99%) v&#224; Sri Lanka (99%)...&#8221; </span><em><span>(UNICEF Bangladesh/Nam &#193;, 2018)</span></em><span>. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; </span><strong><span>t&#7927; l&#7879; kh&#7903;i &#273;&#7847;u b&#250; m&#7865;</span></strong><span> (tr&#7867; c&#243; b&#250; m&#7865; &#237;t nh&#7845;t m&#7897;t l&#7847;n), ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng n&#243;i g&#236; v&#7873; vi&#7879;c m&#7865; c&#243; &#273;&#7911; s&#7919;a &#273;&#7875; duy tr&#236; l&#226;u d&#224;i.</span></p><p><span>T&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921;, m&#7897;t th&#244;ng c&#225;o c&#7911;a UNICEF t&#7841;i CHDC Congo (2/8/2017) c&#361;ng d&#249;ng con s&#7889; 98%: &#8220;D&#249; 98% tr&#7867; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#250; m&#7865;, c&#225;c th&#7921;c h&#224;nh ch&#432;a &#273;&#250;ng v&#7851;n t&#7891;n t&#7841;i&#8221;, r&#7891;i ngay sau &#273;&#243; ch&#7881; ra ch&#7881; </span><strong><span>52%</span></strong><span> tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#250; trong gi&#7901; &#273;&#7847;u sau sinh, v&#224; ch&#7881; </span><strong><span>48%</span></strong><span> tr&#7867; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#250; m&#7865; ho&#224;n to&#224;n &#273;&#7871;n 6 th&#225;ng (theo DHS Congo 2013&#8211;14). &#8220;98% t&#7915;ng b&#250;&#8221; v&#224; &#8220;48% b&#250; ho&#224;n to&#224;n 6 th&#225;ng&#8221; l&#224; hai con s&#7889; r&#7845;t kh&#225;c nhau. Con s&#7889; &#273;&#7847;u kh&#244;ng ch&#7913;ng minh m&#7865; &#8220;&#273;&#7911; s&#7919;a&#8221;.</span></p><p><strong><span>2. T&#7927; l&#7879; m&#7865; MONG MU&#7888;N nu&#244;i con ho&#224;n to&#224;n b&#7857;ng s&#7919;a m&#7865;, ch&#7913; ch&#432;a ph&#7843;i t&#7927; l&#7879; l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c</span></strong></p><p><span>B&#225;o c&#225;o UNICEF/WHO (2022), </span><em><span>&#8220;How the marketing of formula milk influences our decisions on infant feeding&#8221;</span></em><span> (trang 14, M&#7909;c 4) ghi nh&#7853;n: &#8220;kh&#7855;p c&#225;c qu&#7889;c gia kh&#7843;o s&#225;t, t&#7927; l&#7879; m&#7865; b&#224;y t&#7887; mong mu&#7889;n nu&#244;i con ho&#224;n to&#224;n b&#7857;ng s&#7919;a m&#7865; dao &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7915; 49% (Morocco) &#273;&#7871;n 98% (Bangladesh)&#8221;. &#272;&#225;ng l&#432;u &#253;, s&#7889; li&#7879;u c&#7911;a </span><strong><span>Vi&#7879;t Nam trong CH&#205;NH b&#225;o c&#225;o n&#224;y l&#224; 68%</span></strong><span>, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i 98%. D&#249; &#7903; n&#432;&#7899;c n&#224;o, &#273;&#226;y v&#7851;n l&#224; con s&#7889; &#273;o &#8220;mong mu&#7889;n&#8221;, ch&#7913; ch&#432;a ph&#7843;i &#8220;l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c&#8221; hay &#8220;&#273;&#7911; s&#7919;a&#8221;.</span></p><p><strong><span>3. Ngay c&#7843; t&#7927; l&#7879; &#8220;t&#7915;ng b&#250; m&#7865;&#8221; c&#361;ng &#273;&#7893;i theo t&#7915;ng cu&#7897;c kh&#7843;o s&#225;t</span></strong></p><p><span>&#7902; Moldova, kh&#7843;o s&#225;t MICS n&#259;m 2012 t&#7915;ng ghi nh&#7853;n 96,7% tr&#7867; t&#7915;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#250; m&#7865;; nh&#432;ng kh&#7843;o s&#225;t IYCF g&#7847;n nh&#7845;t do UN/UNICEF Moldova th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n (2025) l&#7841;i cho ra 94%. C&#249;ng m&#7897;t kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m, &#273;o &#7903; hai th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m kh&#225;c nhau, ra hai con s&#7889; kh&#225;c nhau. V&#236; v&#7853;y, khi th&#7845;y m&#7897;t con s&#7889; &#8220;98%&#8221; tr&#244;i n&#7893;i kh&#244;ng ghi r&#245; ngu&#7891;n v&#224; n&#259;m, t&#432; v&#7845;n vi&#234;n n&#234;n d&#7915;ng l&#7841;i v&#224; h&#7887;i: &#273;o c&#225;i g&#236;, &#7903; &#273;&#226;u, n&#259;m n&#224;o?</span></p><p><span>Nh&#236;n chung, kh&#244;ng c&#243; b&#225;o c&#225;o Tier 1/2 n&#224;o c&#7911;a WHO/UNICEF kh&#7859;ng &#273;&#7883;nh &#8220;98% m&#7865; c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7911; s&#7919;a cho con&#8221; theo ngh&#297;a s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t &#273;&#7911; s&#7919;a l&#226;u d&#224;i. Con s&#7889; 98% ch&#7881; xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n khi &#273;o t&#7927; l&#7879; kh&#7903;i &#273;&#7847;u b&#250; m&#7865; ho&#7863;c t&#7927; l&#7879; mong mu&#7889;n nu&#244;i con ho&#224;n to&#224;n, v&#224; m&#7895;i b&#225;o c&#225;o cho ra 98% &#7903; m&#7897;t qu&#7889;c gia kh&#225;c nhau.</span></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n6Yp!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fadf29593-9367-483e-a7ac-0e3ffe342c00_1330x595.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n6Yp!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fadf29593-9367-483e-a7ac-0e3ffe342c00_1330x595.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n6Yp!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fadf29593-9367-483e-a7ac-0e3ffe342c00_1330x595.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n6Yp!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fadf29593-9367-483e-a7ac-0e3ffe342c00_1330x595.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n6Yp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fadf29593-9367-483e-a7ac-0e3ffe342c00_1330x595.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n6Yp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fadf29593-9367-483e-a7ac-0e3ffe342c00_1330x595.png" width="1330" height="595" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/adf29593-9367-483e-a7ac-0e3ffe342c00_1330x595.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:595,&quot;width&quot;:1330,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:107560,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/i/214884881?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fadf29593-9367-483e-a7ac-0e3ffe342c00_1330x595.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n6Yp!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fadf29593-9367-483e-a7ac-0e3ffe342c00_1330x595.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n6Yp!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fadf29593-9367-483e-a7ac-0e3ffe342c00_1330x595.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n6Yp!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fadf29593-9367-483e-a7ac-0e3ffe342c00_1330x595.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n6Yp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fadf29593-9367-483e-a7ac-0e3ffe342c00_1330x595.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong><span>II. V&#7853;y t&#7927; l&#7879; m&#7865; TH&#7920;C S&#7920; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7911; s&#7919;a v&#236; l&#253; do sinh l&#253; l&#224; bao nhi&#234;u?</span></strong></h3><p><span>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; c&#226;u h&#7887;i kh&#243; tr&#7843; l&#7901;i ch&#237;nh x&#225;c h&#417;n nhi&#7873;u so v&#7899;i v&#7867; ngo&#224;i c&#7911;a n&#243;, v&#224; c&#7847;n th&#224;nh th&#7853;t l&#224; y v&#259;n hi&#7879;n </span><strong><span>ch&#432;a c&#243; m&#7897;t con s&#7889; &#273;&#7891;ng thu&#7853;n duy nh&#7845;t</span></strong><span>.</span></p><p><span>&#431;&#7899;c t&#237;nh kinh &#273;i&#7875;n, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#237;ch d&#7851;n nhi&#7873;u nh&#7845;t, &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; Neifert (2001): &#8220;c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7871;n 5% ph&#7909; n&#7919; g&#7863;p t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng thi&#7871;u s&#7919;a nguy&#234;n ph&#225;t th&#7921;c s&#7921;, do bi&#7871;n th&#7875; gi&#7843;i ph&#7851;u tuy&#7871;n v&#250; ho&#7863;c b&#7879;nh l&#253; y khoa khi&#7871;n h&#7885; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t &#273;&#7911; s&#7919;a d&#249; &#273;&#227; n&#7895; l&#7921;c t&#7889;i &#273;a&#8221;. Con s&#7889; n&#224;y &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; quan s&#225;t l&#226;m s&#224;ng, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i m&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u d&#7883;ch t&#7877; quy m&#244; l&#7899;n, n&#234;n hi&#7875;u &#273;&#226;y l&#224; &#432;&#7899;c t&#237;nh th&#7853;n tr&#7885;ng, ch&#7913; ch&#432;a ph&#7843;i h&#7857;ng s&#7889; tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i.</span></p><p><span>Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u g&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y v&#224; c&#7909; th&#7875; h&#417;n nhi&#7873;u l&#224; Jin v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921; (2025, </span><em><span>Nutrients</span></em><span>): kh&#7843;o s&#225;t c&#7855;t ngang 460 m&#7865; &#273;ang cho con b&#250; t&#7841;i Perth (&#218;c), &#273;o tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p b&#7857;ng c&#226;n tr&#432;&#7899;c/sau b&#250; (test-weighing) thay v&#236; ch&#7881; d&#7921;a v&#224;o c&#7843;m nh&#7853;n c&#7911;a m&#7865;, ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n </span><strong><span>176/460 (38,3%)</span></strong><span> r&#417;i v&#224;o nh&#243;m thi&#7871;u s&#7919;a th&#7921;c s&#7921; theo ti&#234;u ch&#237; kh&#225;ch quan. Nh&#243;m nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#361;ng l&#432;u &#253; m&#7851;u kh&#7843;o s&#225;t c&#243; th&#7875; l&#7879;ch cao h&#417;n d&#226;n s&#7889; chung, v&#236; m&#7865; &#273;ang g&#7863;p kh&#243; kh&#259;n cho b&#250; c&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng tham gia kh&#7843;o s&#225;t nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n. G&#7897;p chung v&#7899;i &#432;&#7899;c t&#237;nh c&#361; c&#7911;a Neifert v&#224; c&#225;c nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n kh&#225;c (IGT, n&#7897;i ti&#7871;t, ph&#7851;u thu&#7853;t ng&#7921;c), kho&#7843;ng &#432;&#7899;c t&#237;nh h&#7907;p l&#253; hi&#7879;n nay l&#224; </span><strong><span>10&#8211;38% (t&#249;y nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#224; ti&#234;u ch&#237; &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng)</span></strong><span>, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i m&#7897;t con s&#7889; c&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh duy nh&#7845;t.</span></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xoqE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecd0e1c0-a99c-4104-894d-863c8a8e587d_2048x2048.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xoqE!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecd0e1c0-a99c-4104-894d-863c8a8e587d_2048x2048.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xoqE!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecd0e1c0-a99c-4104-894d-863c8a8e587d_2048x2048.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xoqE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecd0e1c0-a99c-4104-894d-863c8a8e587d_2048x2048.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xoqE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecd0e1c0-a99c-4104-894d-863c8a8e587d_2048x2048.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xoqE!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecd0e1c0-a99c-4104-894d-863c8a8e587d_2048x2048.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xoqE!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecd0e1c0-a99c-4104-894d-863c8a8e587d_2048x2048.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xoqE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecd0e1c0-a99c-4104-894d-863c8a8e587d_2048x2048.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xoqE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecd0e1c0-a99c-4104-894d-863c8a8e587d_2048x2048.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p><span>&#7848;n d&#7909; d&#7877; d&#249;ng khi gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch v&#7899;i m&#7865;: n&#7871;u tuy&#7871;n s&#7919;a l&#224; m&#7897;t &#8220;nh&#224; m&#225;y&#8221;, th&#236; ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n c&#225;c ca &#8220;&#237;t s&#7919;a&#8221; l&#224; do </span><strong><span>d&#226;y chuy&#7873;n v&#7853;n h&#224;nh ch&#432;a tr&#417;n tru</span></strong><span> (cho b&#250;/h&#250;t ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; t&#7847;n su&#7845;t, kh&#7899;p ng&#7853;m ch&#432;a t&#7889;t, t&#225;ch m&#7865; con qu&#225; l&#226;u sau sinh), nh&#7919;ng tr&#7903; ng&#7841;i n&#224;y ho&#224;n to&#224;n kh&#7855;c ph&#7909;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. M&#7897;t t&#7927; l&#7879; nh&#7887; h&#417;n l&#224; do ch&#237;nh &#8220;nh&#224; m&#225;y&#8221; </span><strong><span>thi&#7871;u d&#226;y chuy&#7873;n s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t ngay t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u</span></strong><span> (IGT) ho&#7863;c &#8220;ngu&#7891;n &#273;i&#7879;n&#8221; n&#7897;i ti&#7871;t tr&#7909;c tr&#7863;c, nh&#243;m n&#224;y c&#7847;n &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; y khoa, kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; ch&#7881;nh kh&#7899;p ng&#7853;m l&#224; xong.</span></p><h3><strong><span>III. V&#236; sao ranh gi&#7899;i n&#224;y quan tr&#7885;ng v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224;m t&#432; v&#7845;n?</span></strong></h3><p><span>V&#236; &#8220;98% m&#7865; c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7911; s&#7919;a&#8221; nghe c&#243; v&#7867; kh&#7843; quan, nh&#432;ng d&#249;ng sai ch&#7895;. Tr&#7845;n an m&#7897;t m&#7865; &#273;ang thi&#7871;u s&#7919;a TH&#7852;T S&#7920; (nh&#243;m IGT, n&#7897;i ti&#7871;t) b&#7857;ng m&#7897;t con s&#7889; &#273;o t&#7927; l&#7879; &#8220;kh&#7903;i &#273;&#7847;u b&#250; m&#7865;&#8221; to&#224;n c&#7847;u kh&#244;ng gi&#250;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#236;, th&#7853;m ch&#237; c&#243; th&#7875; khi&#7871;n m&#7865; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y b&#7883; &#273;&#7893; l&#7895;i (&#8220;ch&#7855;c do m&#236;nh l&#224;m sai g&#236; &#273;&#243;&#8221;) trong khi v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; n&#7857;m &#7903; sinh l&#253;, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i k&#7929; thu&#7853;t. Ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i, t&#432; v&#7845;n vi&#234;n hi&#7875;u r&#245; ranh gi&#7899;i gi&#7919;a &#8220;ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n kh&#7855;c ph&#7909;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7857;ng h&#7895; tr&#7907; &#273;&#250;ng&#8221; v&#224; &#8220;m&#7897;t t&#7927; l&#7879; nh&#7887; c&#7847;n chuy&#7875;n tuy&#7871;n y khoa&#8221; m&#7899;i th&#7921;c s&#7921; b&#7843;o v&#7879; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7843; hai nh&#243;m m&#7865;.</span></p><h3><strong><span>IV. Th&#244;ng &#273;i&#7879;p n&#234;n d&#249;ng thay v&#236; &#8220;98% m&#7865; &#273;&#7911; s&#7919;a&#8221;</span></strong></h3><p><em><span>C&#243; th&#7875; d&#249;ng tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p c&#225;c c&#226;u d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y khi trao &#273;&#7893;i v&#7899;i m&#7865; ho&#7863;c khi so&#7841;n t&#224;i li&#7879;u truy&#7873;n th&#244;ng:</span></em></p><p><span>&#8226; Ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n m&#7865; c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u cho con b&#250; n&#7871;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#7895; tr&#7907; &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;ch ngay t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u, v&#224; t&#7927; l&#7879; kh&#7903;i &#273;&#7847;u b&#250; m&#7865; &#7903; nhi&#7873;u n&#417;i tr&#234;n th&#7871; gi&#7899;i r&#7845;t cao (94&#8211;99% &#7903; khu v&#7921;c Nam &#193;, UNICEF 2018).</span></p><p><span>&#8226; &#272;a s&#7889; tr&#7903; ng&#7841;i v&#7873; s&#7919;a m&#7865; &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; y&#7871;u t&#7889; c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh, nh&#432; t&#7847;n su&#7845;t b&#250;/h&#250;t, kh&#7899;p ng&#7853;m, th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m da ti&#7871;p da, ch&#7913; ch&#432;a h&#7859;n do m&#7865; &#8220;kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7911; s&#7919;a&#8221; v&#7873; m&#7863;t sinh l&#253;.</span></p><p><span>&#8226; M&#7897;t t&#7927; l&#7879; nh&#7887; h&#417;n (&#432;&#7899;c t&#237;nh 10&#8211;38% t&#249;y nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u) c&#243; nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n sinh l&#253; th&#7921;c s&#7921; v&#224; c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c IBCLC ho&#7863;c b&#225;c s&#297; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; ri&#234;ng, &#273;&#7915;ng &#273;&#7875; m&#7897;t con s&#7889; chung chung khi&#7871;n nh&#243;m n&#224;y b&#7883; b&#7887; qua.</span></p><p><span>&#8226; Khi tr&#237;ch s&#7889; li&#7879;u, lu&#244;n n&#243;i r&#245; &#273;o c&#225;i g&#236; (t&#7915;ng b&#250; / mong mu&#7889;n / &#273;&#7911; s&#7919;a l&#226;u d&#224;i), &#7903; &#273;&#226;u, n&#259;m n&#224;o. Ba chi ti&#7871;t n&#224;y &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n c&#225;c tr&#237;ch d&#7851;n ki&#7875;u &#8220;98%&#8221; b&#7883; d&#249;ng sai.</span></p><h3><strong><span>V. Ph&#7841;m vi &#225;p d&#7909;ng</span></strong></h3><p><span>B&#224;i vi&#7871;t mang t&#237;nh t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p t&#224;i li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; t&#432; v&#7845;n vi&#234;n tham kh&#7843;o khi trao &#273;&#7893;i v&#7899;i m&#7865; ho&#7863;c x&#226;y d&#7921;ng n&#7897;i dung truy&#7873;n th&#244;ng, kh&#244;ng thay th&#7871; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; l&#226;m s&#224;ng ri&#234;ng cho t&#7915;ng ca. V&#7899;i m&#7865; nghi ng&#7901; c&#243; nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n thi&#7871;u s&#7919;a sinh l&#253; th&#7921;c s&#7921;, v&#7851;n c&#7847;n th&#259;m kh&#225;m/&#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; b&#7903;i IBCLC ho&#7863;c b&#225;c s&#297; c&#243; chuy&#234;n m&#244;n.</span></p><h3><strong><span>T&#224;i li&#7879;u tham kh&#7843;o</span></strong></h3><p><span>1. Neifert, M.R. (2001). Prevention of breastfeeding tragedies. </span><em><span>Pediatric Clinics of North America</span></em><span>, 48(2), 273&#8211;297. PMID: 11339153.</span></p><p><span>2. Jin, X., Lai, C.T., Perrella, S.L., Gridneva, Z., McEachran, J.L., Hassan, G.M., Taylor, N.L., &amp; Geddes, D.T. (2025). Defining Low Milk Supply: A Data-Driven Diagnostic Framework and Risk Factor Analysis for Breastfeeding Women. </span><em><span>Nutrients</span></em><span>, 17(22), 3524. </span><a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17223524"><span>https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17223524</span></a></p><p><span>3. UNICEF, WHO (2022). </span><em><span>How the marketing of formula milk influences our decisions on infant feeding</span></em><span>. Geneva: WHO/UNICEF, tr. 14 (M&#7909;c 4), H&#236;nh 6. </span><a href="https://www.unicef.org/media/115916/file/Multi-country%20study%20examining%20the%20impact%20of%20BMS%20marketing%20on%20infant%20feeding%20decisions%20and%20practices,%20UNICEF,%20WHO%202022.pdf"><span>Xem b&#225;o c&#225;o</span></a></p><p><span>4. UNICEF Bangladesh / V&#259;n ph&#242;ng khu v&#7921;c Nam &#193; (13/5/2018). </span><em><span>On Mother&#8217;s Day, celebrating women in South Asia as champions of breastfeeding.</span></em><span> </span><a href="https://www.unicef.org/bangladesh/en/press-releases/mothers-day-celebrating-women-south-asia-champions-breastfeeding"><span>Xem th&#244;ng c&#225;o</span></a></p><p><span>5. UNICEF C&#7897;ng h&#242;a D&#226;n ch&#7911; Congo (2/8/2017). </span><em><span>By failing to invest in breastfeeding, we are failing mothers and their babies.</span></em><span> </span><a href="https://www.unicef.org/drcongo/en/press-releases/failing-invest-breastfeeding-we-are-failing-mothers-and-their-babies"><span>Xem th&#244;ng c&#225;o</span></a></p><p><span>6. UN Moldova / UNICEF (2025). </span><em><span>Report: IYCF Survey Moldova 2025.</span></em><span> </span><a href="https://moldova.un.org/sites/default/files/2025-06/Report_IYCF%20survey%20Moldova%202025_EN.pdf.pdf"><span>Xem b&#225;o c&#225;o</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe"><span>&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Khi nào việc nuôi con sữa mẹ thực sự gặp trở ngại?]]></title><description><![CDATA[G&#243;c nh&#236;n IBCLC, c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng khoa h&#7885;c &#273;&#7871;n 2026]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/khi-nao-viec-nuoi-con-sua-me-thuc-su-gap-tro-ngai</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/khi-nao-viec-nuoi-con-sua-me-thuc-su-gap-tro-ngai</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 09 Sep 2026 03:31:42 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RPPT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8130a8cb-983e-4a22-868f-b88d3c677133_2048x2048.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p><em>G&#243;c nh&#236;n IBCLC, c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng khoa h&#7885;c &#273;&#7871;n 2026</em></p><p><em>B&#224;i vi&#7871;t do m&#7897;t Chuy&#234;n gia T&#432; v&#7845;n S&#7919;a m&#7865; Qu&#7889;c t&#7871; (IBCLC) t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p. M&#236;nh kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7845;p ph&#233;p k&#234; toa thu&#7889;c, n&#234;n b&#224;i n&#224;y kh&#244;ng thay th&#7871; l&#7901;i khuy&#234;n c&#7911;a B&#225;c s&#297;/IBCLC hay T&#432; v&#7845;n vi&#234;n S&#7919;a m&#7865; tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p kh&#225;m cho m&#7865; v&#224; b&#233;. V&#7899;i b&#7845;t k&#7923; t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e n&#224;o nh&#7855;c t&#7899;i trong b&#224;i, m&#7865; nh&#7899; h&#7887;i th&#234;m b&#225;c s&#297; chuy&#234;n khoa g&#7847;n m&#236;nh nha.</em></p></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RPPT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8130a8cb-983e-4a22-868f-b88d3c677133_2048x2048.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RPPT!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8130a8cb-983e-4a22-868f-b88d3c677133_2048x2048.jpeg 424w, 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>B&#7841;n &#273;&#227; t&#7915;ng nghe c&#226;u &#8220;98% c&#225;c m&#7865; &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#7911; s&#7919;a cho con&#8221; v&#224; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y m&#236;nh ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; t&#7889;t, m&#236;nh qu&#225; t&#7879; kh&#244;ng? B&#7841;n &#273;&#227; tin t&#432;&#7903;ng v&#224;o kh&#7843; n&#259;ng l&#224;m m&#7865; c&#7911;a m&#236;nh, nh&#432;ng th&#7921;c t&#7871; nh&#432; m&#7897;t ly n&#432;&#7899;c l&#7841;nh h&#7855;t v&#224;o m&#7863;t: b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; l&#224;m &#273;&#7911; c&#225;ch, l&#224;m theo &#273;&#7911; m&#7865;o nh&#432;ng m&#7885;i th&#7913; v&#7851;n di&#7877;n ra kh&#244;ng nh&#432; &#253;. B&#7841;n bi&#7871;t kh&#244;ng, &#273;a s&#7889; c&#225;c ca &#8220;con kh&#244;ng ch&#7883;u b&#250; m&#7865;&#8221; hay &#8220;m&#7865; t&#7921; nhi&#234;n m&#7845;t s&#7919;a&#8221; m&#224; m&#236;nh hay g&#7863;p trong c&#225;c group nu&#244;i con, th&#7853;t ra l&#224; do kh&#7899;p ng&#7853;m ch&#432;a &#273;&#250;ng, c&#7919; b&#250; c&#242;n th&#432;a, ho&#7863;c m&#7865; ch&#432;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#7895; tr&#7907; ph&#249; h&#7907;p. &#272;&#226;y &#273;&#7873;u l&#224; nh&#7919;ng chuy&#7879;n ho&#224;n to&#224;n c&#243; th&#7875; x&#7917; l&#253; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. Nh&#432;ng c&#361;ng c&#243; m&#7897;t nh&#243;m c&#225;c tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p l&#224; ngo&#7841;i l&#7879; th&#7853;t s&#7921;: c&#417; th&#7875; m&#7865; ho&#7863;c b&#233; c&#243; l&#253; do sinh h&#7885;c r&#245; r&#224;ng khi&#7871;n vi&#7879;c b&#250; m&#7865; ho&#224;n to&#224;n kh&#244;ng l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c, ho&#7863;c ch&#7881; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#250; m&#7865; m&#7897;t &#237;t. B&#224;i n&#224;y t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p l&#7841;i nh&#7919;ng tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p trong nh&#243;m n&#224;y, k&#232;m theo c&#225;c y v&#259;n c&#243; th&#7875; tra c&#7913;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7875; gi&#250;p c&#225;c t&#432; v&#7845;n vi&#234;n s&#7919;a m&#7865; v&#224; c&#225;c gia &#273;&#236;nh c&#7847;n h&#7895; tr&#7907; c&#243; b&#7913;c tranh &#273;a chi&#7873;u h&#417;n &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7889;i chi&#7871;u v&#7899;i ho&#224;n c&#7843;nh c&#7911;a m&#236;nh.</p><p><strong>I. KHI CH&#205;NH B&#201; KH&#212;NG B&#218; &#272;&#431;&#7906;C S&#7918;A M&#7864; (R&#7844;T HI&#7870;M G&#7862;P)</strong></p><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; c&#225;c b&#7879;nh chuy&#7875;n h&#243;a b&#7849;m sinh, ngh&#297;a l&#224; c&#417; th&#7875; b&#233; thi&#7871;u m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i men (enzyme) c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t &#273;&#7875; ti&#234;u h&#243;a m&#7897;t ch&#7845;t n&#224;o &#273;&#243; c&#243; trong s&#7919;a. C&#225;c b&#7879;nh n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n ngay t&#7915; l&#250;c m&#7899;i sinh, qua x&#233;t nghi&#7879;m <a href="https://raisingchildren.net.au/newborns/health-daily-care/health-concerns/newborn-screening">l&#7845;y m&#225;u g&#243;t ch&#226;n</a> (s&#224;ng l&#7885;c s&#417; sinh).</p><p><em>1. Galactosemia: th&#7853;t ra c&#243; t&#7899;i 4 d&#7841;ng kh&#225;c nhau, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i m&#7897;t</em></p><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; ch&#7895; nhi&#7873;u b&#224;i vi&#7871;t hay g&#7897;p chung l&#7841;i, nh&#432;ng th&#7921;c t&#7871; galactosemia l&#224; c&#7843; m&#7897;t nh&#243;m b&#7879;nh, m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; n&#7863;ng nh&#7865; r&#7845;t kh&#225;c nhau:</p><ol><li><p><strong>D&#7841;ng n&#7863;ng nh&#7845;t (Type I, c&#7893; &#273;i&#7875;n):</strong> b&#233; ho&#224;n to&#224;n kh&#244;ng ti&#234;u h&#243;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c galactose (m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng c&#243; trong s&#7919;a m&#7865; v&#224; c&#7843; s&#7919;a c&#244;ng th&#7913;c th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng), n&#234;n b&#7855;t bu&#7897;c ph&#7843;i ng&#7915;ng s&#7919;a m&#7865;, chuy&#7875;n sang <strong>s&#7919;a c&#244;ng th&#7913;c &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t kh&#244;ng c&#243; galactose</strong> (kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i s&#7919;a c&#244;ng th&#7913;c th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng) ngay sau sinh. D&#7845;u hi&#7879;u: v&#224;ng da l&#226;u ng&#224;y, n&#244;n &#243;i, gan to, nhi&#7877;m tr&#249;ng n&#7863;ng sau v&#224;i ng&#224;y b&#250;. T&#7881; l&#7879; c&#225;c b&#233; m&#7855;c d&#7841;ng n&#224;y l&#224; kho&#7843;ng 1/30.000-60.000 tr&#7867; tr&#234;n th&#7871; gi&#7899;i.</p></li><li><p><strong>D&#7841;ng Duarte:</strong> c&#249;ng n&#7857;m tr&#234;n gen g&#226;y b&#7879;nh Type I nh&#432;ng &#273;&#7897;t bi&#7871;n nh&#7865; h&#417;n nhi&#7873;u. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; d&#7841;ng <strong>ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n nh&#7845;t</strong>, g&#7845;p h&#417;n 10 l&#7847;n d&#7841;ng c&#7893; &#273;i&#7875;n (kho&#7843;ng 1/4.000 tr&#7867; t&#7841;i M&#7929;), n&#234;n ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n k&#7871;t qu&#7843; s&#224;ng l&#7885;c &#8220;d&#432;&#417;ng t&#237;nh galactosemia&#8221; th&#7853;t ra r&#417;i v&#224;o nh&#243;m n&#224;y. Tin vui: m&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u l&#7899;n n&#259;m 2019 theo d&#245;i 350 tr&#7867; (206 b&#233; m&#7855;c d&#7841;ng Duarte v&#224; 144 b&#233; kh&#244;ng m&#7855;c) kh&#244;ng th&#7845;y b&#233; n&#224;o b&#7883; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n v&#236; b&#250; s&#7919;a c&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng lactose l&#250;c nh&#7887;. V&#236; v&#7853;y hi&#7879;n nay ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n b&#225;c s&#297; chuy&#7875;n h&#243;a <strong>kh&#244;ng c&#242;n y&#234;u c&#7847;u cai s&#7919;a m&#7865;</strong> v&#7899;i d&#7841;ng n&#224;y n&#7919;a.</p></li><li><p><strong>Type II (thi&#7871;u men galactokinase):</strong> hi&#7871;m h&#417;n, nh&#7865; h&#417;n th&#7875; c&#7893; &#273;i&#7875;n nhi&#7873;u. Ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p ch&#237;nh l&#224; d&#7877; b&#7883; &#273;&#7909;c th&#7911;y tinh th&#7875; s&#7899;m, nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n v&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; &#259;n k&#7883;p th&#7901;i th&#236; s&#7869; ph&#242;ng ng&#7915;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ho&#224;n to&#224;n.</p></li><li><p><strong>Type III (thi&#7871;u men epimerase):</strong> c&#243; 2 m&#7913;c. Th&#7875; to&#224;n th&#226;n th&#236; n&#7863;ng nh&#432; d&#7841;ng c&#7893; &#273;i&#7875;n, c&#361;ng ph&#7843;i ng&#7915;ng b&#250; m&#7865;. Nh&#432;ng th&#7875; nh&#7865; h&#417;n (ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n h&#417;n nhi&#7873;u) th&#432;&#7901;ng kh&#244;ng c&#243; tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng g&#236;, kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ki&#234;ng g&#236; c&#7843;.</p></li></ol><p><em>2. Phenylketonuria (PKU)</em></p><p>PKU l&#224; m&#7897;t b&#7879;nh di truy&#7873;n hi&#7871;m g&#7863;p khi&#7871;n c&#417; th&#7875; b&#233; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; x&#7917; l&#253; m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i ch&#7845;t &#273;&#7841;m (protein) c&#243; t&#234;n l&#224; phenylalanine. N&#7871;u kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n v&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; s&#7899;m, ch&#7845;t n&#224;y s&#7869; t&#237;ch t&#7909; trong n&#227;o v&#224; g&#226;y t&#7893;n th&#432;&#417;ng th&#7847;n kinh, ch&#7853;m ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n tr&#237; tu&#7879;. Nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i ngh&#297; b&#233; PKU l&#224; &#8220;c&#7845;m b&#250; m&#7865; tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i&#8221;, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng &#273;&#250;ng &#273;&#226;u. B&#233; PKU <strong>v&#7851;n b&#250; m&#7865; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c</strong>, ch&#7881; c&#7847;n b&#225;c s&#297; theo d&#245;i s&#225;t n&#7891;ng &#273;&#7897; phenylalanine trong m&#225;u v&#224; b&#7893; sung th&#234;m m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n s&#7919;a c&#244;ng th&#7913;c &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t khi c&#7847;n. T&#7927; l&#7879; m&#7855;c b&#7879;nh n&#224;y kh&#225;c nhau r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u t&#249;y v&#249;ng, c&#243; n&#417;i kh&#225; cao nh&#432; m&#7897;t s&#7889; v&#249;ng ch&#226;u &#194;u v&#224; Trung &#272;&#244;ng, c&#243; n&#417;i c&#7921;c hi&#7871;m nh&#432; &#272;&#244;ng &#193;, n&#234;n c&#225;c con s&#7889; hay th&#7845;y ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7913;c tham kh&#7843;o chung, kh&#244;ng &#225;p y nguy&#234;n cho Vi&#7879;t Nam &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</p><p><em>3. Thi&#7871;u men G6PD</em></p><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n h&#417;n nhi&#7873;u &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam v&#224; &#272;&#244;ng Nam &#193; so v&#7899;i hai b&#7879;nh tr&#234;n, v&#224; b&#233; trai g&#7863;p nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n b&#233; g&#225;i. Thi&#7871;u men G6PD l&#224; m&#7897;t b&#7879;nh di truy&#7873;n khi&#7871;n h&#7891;ng c&#7847;u c&#7911;a b&#233; d&#7877; b&#7883; v&#7905; khi g&#7863;p m&#7897;t s&#7889; t&#225;c nh&#226;n nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh, nh&#432; m&#7897;t s&#7889; thu&#7889;c, th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m, ho&#7863;c nhi&#7877;m tr&#249;ng. Khi h&#7891;ng c&#7847;u b&#7883; v&#7905;, b&#233; c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7883; v&#224;ng da, thi&#7871;u m&#225;u, v&#224; trong tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p n&#7863;ng c&#243; th&#7875; nguy hi&#7875;m &#273;&#7871;n t&#237;nh m&#7841;ng. Tin m&#7915;ng l&#224; b&#233; thi&#7871;u men G6PD <strong>v&#7851;n b&#250; m&#7865; ho&#224;n to&#224;n b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng</strong>. M&#7865; ch&#7881; c&#7847;n tr&#225;nh &#273;&#7875; b&#233; (v&#224; b&#7843;n th&#226;n m&#7865;, n&#7871;u &#273;ang cho con b&#250;) ti&#7871;p x&#250;c v&#7899;i m&#7897;t s&#7889; th&#7913; c&#243; th&#7875; g&#226;y t&#225;n huy&#7871;t, <a href="https://eva.vn/suc-khoe/be-1-tuoi-bi-tan-mau-cap-tinh-ton-hai-than-kinh-vi-goi-bang-phien-trong-tu-quan-ao-c131a402739.html">nh&#432; &#273;&#7853;u t&#7857;m, b&#259;ng phi&#7871;n (long n&#227;o)</a>, v&#224;i lo&#7841;i kh&#225;ng sinh v&#224; thu&#7889;c h&#7841; s&#7889;t nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh. B&#225;c s&#297; nhi s&#7869; &#273;&#432;a danh s&#225;ch c&#7909; th&#7875; ngay khi b&#233; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n.</p><p><em>4. C&#225;c b&#7879;nh c&#7921;c hi&#7871;m kh&#225;c</em></p><p>C&#249;ng nh&#243;m &#8220;c&#7921;c hi&#7871;m&#8221; n&#224;y c&#242;n c&#243; MSUD (Maple Syrup Urine Disease, r&#7889;i lo&#7841;n chuy&#7875;n h&#243;a m&#7897;t s&#7889; acid amin, kho&#7843;ng 1/185.000 tr&#7867;), fructosemia, tyrosinemia type 1, v&#224; r&#7889;i lo&#7841;n chu tr&#236;nh ur&#234;. T&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#7847;n ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; &#259;n &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t ngay t&#7915; sau sinh.</p><p><strong>II. KHI M&#7864; TH&#7920;C S&#7920; KH&#212;NG &#272;&#7910; S&#7918;A HO&#7862;C KH&#212;NG TH&#7874; C&#211; S&#7918;A</strong></p><p><em>A. Do c&#7845;u tr&#250;c gi&#7843;i ph&#7851;u v&#250;</em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uO3Q!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa1fc0942-880a-474e-874a-cd4d7f50449e_2048x2048.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uO3Q!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa1fc0942-880a-474e-874a-cd4d7f50449e_2048x2048.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uO3Q!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa1fc0942-880a-474e-874a-cd4d7f50449e_2048x2048.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uO3Q!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa1fc0942-880a-474e-874a-cd4d7f50449e_2048x2048.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uO3Q!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa1fc0942-880a-474e-874a-cd4d7f50449e_2048x2048.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uO3Q!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa1fc0942-880a-474e-874a-cd4d7f50449e_2048x2048.jpeg" width="1456" height="1456" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a1fc0942-880a-474e-874a-cd4d7f50449e_2048x2048.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1456,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:698231,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/i/214566658?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa1fc0942-880a-474e-874a-cd4d7f50449e_2048x2048.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uO3Q!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa1fc0942-880a-474e-874a-cd4d7f50449e_2048x2048.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uO3Q!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa1fc0942-880a-474e-874a-cd4d7f50449e_2048x2048.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uO3Q!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa1fc0942-880a-474e-874a-cd4d7f50449e_2048x2048.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uO3Q!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa1fc0942-880a-474e-874a-cd4d7f50449e_2048x2048.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>C&#243; m&#7897;t t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng g&#7885;i l&#224; <strong>thi&#7875;u s&#7843;n m&#244; tuy&#7871;n v&#250; (IGT)</strong>, ngh&#297;a l&#224; m&#244; tuy&#7871;n s&#7919;a trong ng&#7921;c kh&#244;ng ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n &#273;&#7911; trong thai k&#7923; &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o &#273;&#7911; s&#7919;a. <a href="https://latch.ie/insufficient-glandular-tissue-igt/">T&#7881; l&#7879;</a> c&#225;c m&#7865; g&#7863;p t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng IGT r&#417;i v&#224;o kho&#7843;ng 1 - 5%. &#272;i&#7873;u quan tr&#7885;ng l&#224; c&#225;i n&#224;y kh&#244;ng li&#234;n quan g&#236; &#273;&#7871;n size ng&#7921;c to hay nh&#7887;. C&#243; m&#7865; ng&#7921;c to v&#7851;n b&#7883; IGT, c&#243; m&#7865; ng&#7921;c nh&#7887; v&#7851;n &#273;&#7911; s&#7919;a b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng. IGT c&#243; m&#7897;t s&#7889; d&#7845;u hi&#7879;u nh&#432;: ng&#7921;c c&#243; d&#225;ng d&#224;i h&#7865;p nh&#432; &#8220;c&#225;i &#7889;ng&#8221;, hai b&#234;n ng&#7921;c c&#225;ch xa nhau b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng, ng&#7921;c g&#7847;n nh&#432; kh&#244;ng l&#7899;n th&#234;m ch&#250;t n&#224;o su&#7889;t thai k&#7923;, c&#243; r&#7841;n da nh&#432;ng ng&#7921;c l&#7841;i kh&#244;ng to l&#234;n. M&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u g&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y tr&#234;n 460 m&#7865; t&#7841;i &#218;c cho th&#7845;y y&#7871;u t&#7889; li&#234;n quan nhi&#7873;u nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c thi&#7871;u s&#7919;a ch&#237;nh l&#224; &#8220;ng&#7921;c &#237;t l&#7899;n l&#234;n khi mang thai&#8221;. Nh&#432;ng &#273;&#226;y m&#7899;i ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u, c&#7847;n th&#234;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#7903; nhi&#7873;u n&#417;i kh&#225;c m&#7899;i ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c cho b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh Vi&#7879;t Nam.</p><p>M&#7865; b&#7883; IGT v&#7851;n c&#243; th&#7875; <strong>cho b&#250; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n</strong>, nhi&#7873;u m&#7865; c&#7847;n b&#7893; sung th&#234;m s&#7919;a hi&#7871;n t&#7863;ng ho&#7863;c s&#7919;a c&#244;ng th&#7913;c, v&#224; c&#243; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n s&#7919;a m&#7865; v&#7851;n t&#7889;t h&#417;n l&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#243; g&#236;.</p><p><strong>Ph&#7851;u thu&#7853;t ng&#7921;c</strong> c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; khi&#7871;n m&#7865; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7911; ho&#7863;c kh&#244;ng th&#7875; c&#243; s&#7919;a cho con b&#250;: ph&#7851;u thu&#7853;t thu nh&#7887; ng&#7921;c d&#7877; l&#224;m t&#7893;n th&#432;&#417;ng &#7889;ng d&#7851;n s&#7919;a n&#234;n &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng nhi&#7873;u nh&#7845;t; n&#226;ng ng&#7921;c th&#432;&#7901;ng &#237;t &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng h&#417;n n&#7871;u t&#250;i ng&#7921;c &#273;&#7863;t d&#432;&#7899;i c&#417;; c&#242;n ph&#7851;u thu&#7853;t c&#7855;t b&#7887; m&#244; v&#250; (th&#432;&#7901;ng g&#7863;p &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i chuy&#7875;n gi&#7899;i nam) th&#236; h&#7847;u nh&#432; kh&#244;ng c&#242;n kh&#7843; n&#259;ng cho b&#250; ho&#224;n to&#224;n.</p><p><em>B. Do n&#7897;i ti&#7871;t</em></p><p>V&#224;i t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng n&#7897;i ti&#7871;t c&#243; th&#7875; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c t&#7841;o s&#7919;a:</p><p><span>&#8226; </span><strong>Suy tuy&#7871;n y&#234;n:</strong> tuy&#7871;n y&#234;n gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; &#8220;nh&#224; m&#225;y s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t&#8221; hai hormone quan tr&#7885;ng cho vi&#7879;c cho b&#250;, g&#7891;m prolactin (k&#237;ch th&#237;ch t&#7841;o s&#7919;a) v&#224; oxytocin (k&#237;ch th&#237;ch s&#7919;a ch&#7843;y ra). Khi tuy&#7871;n y&#234;n suy, c&#7843; hai &#273;&#7873;u thi&#7871;u. </p><p><span>&#8226; </span><strong>H&#7897;i ch&#7913;ng &#273;a nang bu&#7891;ng tr&#7913;ng (PCOS):</strong> c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m ng&#7921;c &#237;t ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n h&#417;n trong thai k&#7923; v&#224; gi&#7843;m hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; c&#7911;a prolactin. Nh&#432;ng &#273;&#226;y v&#7851;n l&#224; m&#7843;ng &#273;ang &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u th&#234;m, ch&#432;a ph&#7843;i &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n nh&#432; PKU hay G6PD.</p><p><span>&#8226; </span><strong>Suy gi&#225;p:</strong> hormone tuy&#7871;n gi&#225;p r&#7845;t quan tr&#7885;ng cho vi&#7879;c t&#7841;o s&#7919;a, n&#234;n m&#7865; suy gi&#225;p c&#7847;n &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911; song song v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c cho b&#250;.</p><p><span>&#8226; </span><strong>Ti&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng thai k&#7923; (GDM):</strong> c&#361;ng l&#224; m&#7897;t y&#7871;u t&#7889; c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m gi&#7843;m s&#7919;a ho&#7863;c ch&#7853;m ti&#7871;t s&#7919;a, c&#243; th&#7875; do &#273;&#7873; kh&#225;ng insulin c&#7843;n tr&#7903; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a prolactin (ph&#7847;n n&#224;y ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh c&#361;ng tr&#7843;i qua khi sinh b&#233; th&#7913; n&#259;m).</p><p><strong>III. M&#7864; CHUY&#7874;N GI&#7898;I V&#192; CHA M&#7864; KH&#212;NG MANG THAI: V&#7850;N C&#211; TH&#7874; B&#218; M&#7864;, NH&#431;NG G&#7862;P NHI&#7872;U KH&#211; KH&#258;N V&#192; C&#7846;N H&#7894; TR&#7906; </strong></p><p><strong>&#8220;M&#7865; chuy&#7875;n gi&#7899;i n&#7919;&#8221;</strong> l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i khi sinh ra &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh l&#224; nam, nh&#432;ng b&#7843;n d&#7841;ng gi&#7899;i c&#7911;a h&#7885; l&#224; n&#7919;. Nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i trong s&#7889; n&#224;y &#273;&#227; ho&#7863;c &#273;ang d&#249;ng hormone n&#7919; h&#243;a (estrogen, progesterone) nh&#432; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a qu&#225; tr&#236;nh chuy&#7875;n gi&#7899;i, c&#243; ho&#7863;c kh&#244;ng k&#232;m ph&#7851;u thu&#7853;t.</p><p>S&#7903; d&#297; ng&#7921;c c&#7911;a nam gi&#7899;i kh&#244;ng ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n m&#244; tuy&#7871;n s&#7919;a v&#236; thi&#7871;u c&#225;c hormone n&#7919; (estrogen, progesterone) trong tu&#7893;i d&#7853;y th&#236;. Khi m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng hormone n&#7919; &#273;&#7911; l&#226;u, m&#244; tuy&#7871;n v&#250; c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; nh&#432; &#7903; n&#7919; gi&#7899;i. &#272;&#226;y c&#361;ng l&#224; l&#253; do nhi&#7873;u m&#7865; chuy&#7875;n gi&#7899;i n&#7919; v&#7851;n c&#243; ng&#7921;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n t&#7915; tr&#432;&#7899;c. T&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921;, nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224; n&#7919; chuy&#7875;n gi&#7899;i th&#224;nh nam s&#7869; m&#7885;c r&#226;u, t&#243;c&#8230;v&#224; c&#243; nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7863;c t&#237;nh c&#7911;a nam gi&#7899;i v&#236; d&#249;ng hormone nam.</p><p>Hormone n&#7919; gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; vi&#7879;c <strong>x&#226;y s&#7861;n m&#7897;t nh&#224; m&#225;y </strong>(m&#244; tuy&#7871;n v&#250;), nh&#432;ng nh&#224; m&#225;y &#273;&#243; ch&#432;a  v&#7853;n h&#224;nh v&#236; ch&#432;a c&#243; &#8220;&#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng&#8221;, t&#7913;c l&#224; ch&#432;a t&#7915;ng tr&#7843;i qua thai k&#7923;, giai &#273;o&#7841;n c&#417; th&#7875; t&#7921; nhi&#234;n ra l&#7879;nh cho tuy&#7871;n v&#250; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#7841;o s&#7919;a. <strong>Ph&#225;c &#273;&#7891; k&#237;ch ph&#225;t s&#7919;a</strong> (th&#234;m hormone theo tr&#236;nh t&#7921; m&#244; ph&#7887;ng thai k&#7923;, th&#234;m thu&#7889;c k&#237;ch prolactin l&#224; domperidone, v&#224; h&#250;t s&#7919;a &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#7863;n nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n m&#7895;i ng&#224;y) ch&#237;nh l&#224; c&#225;ch t&#7841;o &#8220;&#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng gi&#7843;&#8221; &#273;&#7875;  nh&#224; m&#225;y &#273;&#243; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SWKy!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F086997c0-00ad-47cf-b5c5-e780bac8b40c_2048x2048.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SWKy!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F086997c0-00ad-47cf-b5c5-e780bac8b40c_2048x2048.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SWKy!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F086997c0-00ad-47cf-b5c5-e780bac8b40c_2048x2048.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SWKy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F086997c0-00ad-47cf-b5c5-e780bac8b40c_2048x2048.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SWKy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F086997c0-00ad-47cf-b5c5-e780bac8b40c_2048x2048.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SWKy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F086997c0-00ad-47cf-b5c5-e780bac8b40c_2048x2048.jpeg" width="1456" height="1456" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SWKy!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F086997c0-00ad-47cf-b5c5-e780bac8b40c_2048x2048.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SWKy!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F086997c0-00ad-47cf-b5c5-e780bac8b40c_2048x2048.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SWKy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F086997c0-00ad-47cf-b5c5-e780bac8b40c_2048x2048.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SWKy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F086997c0-00ad-47cf-b5c5-e780bac8b40c_2048x2048.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>Ca b&#225;o c&#225;o n&#7893;i ti&#7871;ng nh&#7845;t (n&#259;m 2018) ghi nh&#7853;n m&#7897;t m&#7865; chuy&#7875;n gi&#7899;i n&#7919; &#273;&#227; c&#243; th&#7875; cho con b&#250; m&#7865; ho&#224;n to&#224;n trong 6 tu&#7847;n &#273;&#7847;u, &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#7881;nh kho&#7843;ng 237mL s&#7919;a/ng&#224;y, sau &#273;&#243; chuy&#7875;n sang b&#250; k&#232;m s&#7919;a c&#244;ng th&#7913;c. Nh&#432;ng c&#225;c ca kh&#225;c cho k&#7871;t qu&#7843; r&#7845;t kh&#225;c nhau, c&#243; ca ch&#7881; &#273;&#7841;t kho&#7843;ng 30mL/ng&#224;y, cho th&#7845;y <strong>l&#432;&#7907;ng s&#7919;a &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#249;y t&#7915;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u</strong>. So v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p sinh &#273;&#7867; t&#7921; nhi&#234;n th&#236; c&#225;c m&#7865; chuy&#7875;n gi&#7899;i th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#243; &#237;t s&#7919;a h&#417;n, n&#234;n ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n v&#7851;n c&#7847;n b&#7893; sung th&#234;m s&#7919;a hi&#7871;n t&#7863;ng ho&#7863;c s&#7919;a c&#244;ng th&#7913;c. &#7902; tr&#234;n m&#236;nh nh&#7855;c &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; &#8220;&#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng gi&#7843;&#8221; n&#234;n &#8216;h&#224;ng&#8217; ch&#7881; s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t &#273;&#7911; ban &#273;&#7847;u, sau &#273;&#243; &#8216;gi&#225;m &#273;&#7889;c&#8217; nh&#224; m&#225;y (c&#417; th&#7875;) ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n n&#234;n ch&#7881; th&#7883; cho c&#225;c qu&#7843;n l&#253; gi&#7843;m ho&#7863;c ng&#432;ng s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh &#8216;ph&#225; s&#7843;n&#8217; cho c&#244;ng ty. </p><p><strong>M&#7865; chuy&#7875;n gi&#7899;i nam</strong> (khi sinh ra &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh l&#224; n&#7919; nh&#432;ng b&#7843;n d&#7841;ng gi&#7899;i l&#224; nam): n&#7871;u &#273;&#227; ph&#7851;u thu&#7853;t c&#7855;t b&#7887; m&#244; v&#250; th&#236; h&#7847;u nh&#432; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; ti&#7871;t s&#7919;a. N&#7871;u ch&#432;a ph&#7851;u thu&#7853;t, m&#7897;t s&#7889; v&#7851;n c&#243; s&#7919;a, nh&#432;ng c&#243; th&#7875; g&#7863;p nh&#7919;ng tr&#7903; ng&#7841;i kh&#225;c v&#224; c&#7847;n h&#7895; tr&#7907; chuy&#234;n m&#244;n.</p><p><strong>M&#7865; kh&#244;ng mang thai n&#243;i chung</strong> <span>(k&#7875; c&#7843; m&#7865; nh&#7853;n con nu&#244;i, m&#7865; nh&#7901; mang thai h&#7897;): m&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u t&#7841;i Iran tr&#234;n 117 ng&#432;&#7901;i theo ph&#225;c &#273;&#7891; k&#237;ch ph&#225;t s&#7919;a chu&#7849;n cho th&#7845;y </span><strong><span>ch&#7881; 14,5% (17/117) duy tr&#236; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c vi&#7879;c b&#250; m&#7865; t&#7915; 6 th&#225;ng tr&#7903; l&#234;n</span></strong><span>, s&#7889; c&#242;n l&#7841;i d&#7915;ng s&#7899;m h&#417;n. &#272;&#225;ng ch&#250; &#253;, trong nh&#243;m duy tr&#236; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7915; 6 th&#225;ng, t&#7927; l&#7879; &#273;&#7841;t b&#250; m&#7865; ho&#224;n to&#224;n (t&#237;nh &#273;&#7871;n ng&#224;y th&#7913; 120) cao h&#417;n h&#7859;n nh&#243;m d&#7915;ng s&#7899;m: 70,6% so v&#7899;i 24%. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; t&#432;&#417;ng quan quan s&#225;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c trong m&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u, ch&#432;a r&#245; chi&#7873;u nh&#226;n qu&#7843;, nh&#432;ng cho th&#7845;y vi&#7879;c h&#7895; tr&#7907; duy tr&#236; b&#250; l&#226;u d&#224;i c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; y&#7871;u t&#7889; &#273;&#225;ng ch&#250; &#253;. V&#236; v&#7853;y, ai &#273;ang c&#226;n nh&#7855;c con &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng n&#224;y n&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#432; v&#7845;n ngay t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u, t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t c&#243; m&#7897;t IBCLC theo s&#225;t su&#7889;t qu&#225; tr&#236;nh.</span></p><p><strong>IV. NH&#7918;NG THU&#7888;C V&#192; B&#7878;NH C&#7846;N T&#7840;M NG&#431;NG HO&#7862;C KH&#212;NG N&#202;N CHO B&#218;</strong></p><p><span>&#8226; </span><strong>&#272;ang h&#243;a tr&#7883; ung th&#432;:</strong> ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n thu&#7889;c h&#243;a tr&#7883; qua &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7919;a m&#7865; v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; g&#226;y h&#7841;i cho b&#233;, n&#234;n <strong>kh&#244;ng cho b&#250; trong th&#7901;i gian &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883;</strong>.</p><p>&#8226; <strong>Thu&#7889;c ph&#243;ng x&#7841; (ch&#7909;p ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n h&#236;nh &#7843;nh):</strong> th&#7901;i gian c&#7847;n ng&#432;ng b&#250; (t&#7841;m th&#7901;i) t&#249;y v&#224;o lo&#7841;i thu&#7889;c v&#224; li&#7873;u d&#249;ng. C&#243; khi ch&#7881; v&#224;i gi&#7901;, c&#243; khi c&#7847;n v&#224;i tu&#7847;n, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t v&#7899;i i-&#7889;t ph&#243;ng x&#7841; li&#7873;u &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883;. Vi&#7879;c n&#224;y c&#7847;n c&#243; s&#7921; t&#432; v&#7845;n c&#7911;a b&#225;c s&#297; theo t&#7915;ng tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p.</p><p><span>&#8226; </span><strong>Ma t&#250;y </strong>(nh&#432; cocaine, heroin, ma t&#250;y &#273;&#225;): tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i kh&#244;ng cho b&#250;.</p><p><span>&#8226; </span><strong>Thu&#7889;c &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; lao:</strong>  C&#225;c thu&#7889;c lao h&#224;ng &#273;&#7847;u (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol) &#273;&#432;&#7907;c <strong>WHO x&#225;c nh&#7853;n v&#7851;n cho b&#250; b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c</strong>. Ch&#7881; v&#224;i thu&#7889;c h&#224;ng hai nh&#432; streptomycin, kanamycin c&#7847;n b&#225;c s&#297; theo d&#245;i k&#7929; h&#417;n m&#7897;t ch&#250;t.</p><p><strong>V. M&#7864; NHI&#7876;M HIV: H&#431;&#7898;NG D&#7850;N V&#7914;A M&#7898;I THAY &#272;&#7892;I</strong></p><p>T&#7841;i Vi&#7879;t Nam, kho&#7843;ng <a href="https://suckhoedoisong.vn/xet-nghiem-hiv-viem-gan-b-va-giang-mai-cho-phu-nu-mang-thai-vi-sao-can-lam-som-169250910153433849.htm">0,3%</a> <span>ph&#7909; n&#7919; trong &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i sinh s&#7843;n (15-49 tu&#7893;i) nhi&#7877;m HIV (theo UNAIDS 2024)</span>. Tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#226;y, khuy&#7871;n c&#225;o to&#224;n c&#7847;u d&#224;nh cho b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n HIV l&#224; tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c cho con b&#250;. Nh&#432;ng t&#7915; khi c&#243; thu&#7889;c ARV hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;, c&#225;c h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n qu&#7889;c t&#7871; &#273;&#227; thay &#273;&#7893;i: m&#7865; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; ARV &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#7863;n, t&#7843;i l&#432;&#7907;ng virus <strong>kh&#244;ng ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c</strong>, c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#432; v&#7845;n l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n cho con b&#250;, v&#7899;i <a href="https://suckhoedoisong.vn/nguoi-nhiem-hiv-co-the-ket-hon-va-sinh-con-khoe-manh-khong-169260630163436847.htm">nguy c&#417; l&#226;y qua s&#7919;a m&#7865; gi&#7843;m &#273;&#225;ng k&#7875; nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng v&#7873; 0%, m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; c&#7909; th&#7875; c&#242;n t&#249;y th&#7901;i gian b&#250; v&#224; m&#7913;c tu&#226;n th&#7911; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883;.</a></p><p>Theo H&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n k&#7929; thu&#7853;t d&#7921; ph&#242;ng l&#226;y truy&#7873;n HIV t&#7915; m&#7865; sang con (<a href="https://luatvietnam.vn/y-te/quyet-dinh-678-qd-byt-2025-huong-dan-ky-thuat-du-phong-lay-truyen-hiv-viem-gan-b-giang-mai-tu-me-sang-con-428837-d1.html">Q&#272; 678/Q&#272;-BYT 2025</a>), ph&#7909; n&#7919; nhi&#7877;m HIV c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c <strong>t&#432; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911; tr&#432;&#7899;c sinh v&#224; sau sinh</strong> v&#7873; c&#225;c l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n nu&#244;i con: <strong>s&#7919;a m&#7865;, s&#7919;a m&#7865; thanh tr&#249;ng (ng&#226;n h&#224;ng s&#7919;a), ho&#7863;c s&#7919;a c&#244;ng th&#7913;c.</strong> N&#7871;u m&#7865; ch&#7885;n cho con b&#250; th&#236; c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c <strong>theo d&#245;i, h&#7895; tr&#7907; tu&#226;n th&#7911; ARV v&#224; t&#225;i kh&#225;m &#273;&#7883;nh k&#7923;</strong>, v&#224; t&#7841;m ng&#7915;ng b&#250; khi c&#243; d&#7845;u hi&#7879;u t&#7843;i l&#432;&#7907;ng virus t&#259;ng cao ho&#7863;c t&#7893;n th&#432;&#417;ng v&#250;.</p><p><strong>VI. M&#7864; M&#7854;C LAO CH&#431;A &#272;I&#7872;U TR&#7882;</strong></p><p>Theo b&#225;o c&#225;o c&#7911;a WHO n&#259;m 2023, Vi&#7879;t Nam hi&#7879;n x&#7871;p th&#7913; 11 trong s&#7889; 30 n&#432;&#7899;c c&#243; g&#225;nh n&#7863;ng lao cao nh&#7845;t th&#7871; gi&#7899;i, v&#7899;i kho&#7843;ng 172.000 ca m&#7899;i m&#7895;i n&#259;m. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; &#273;&#227; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n so v&#7899;i v&#7883; tr&#237; 16 h&#7891;i n&#259;m 2018, nh&#432;ng v&#7851;n c&#242;n kh&#225; n&#7863;ng.</p><p>S&#7919;a m&#7865; <strong>kh&#244;ng ch&#7913;a vi khu&#7849;n lao</strong>, nh&#432;ng vi khu&#7849;n c&#243; th&#7875; l&#226;y cho b&#233; qua ti&#7871;p x&#250;c g&#7847;n khi ho hay n&#243;i chuy&#7879;n. V&#236; v&#7853;y m&#7865; m&#7855;c lao <strong>ch&#432;a &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883;</strong> n&#234;n t&#7841;m th&#7901;i <em>kh&#244;ng b&#250; tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p ho&#7863;c &#7903; g&#7847;n b&#233;</em>, cho t&#7899;i khi h&#7871;t kh&#7843; n&#259;ng l&#226;y. Th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; sau kho&#7843;ng 2 tu&#7847;n &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; v&#224; x&#233;t nghi&#7879;m &#273;&#7901;m chuy&#7875;n &#226;m t&#237;nh, th&#7901;i gian c&#7909; th&#7875; t&#249;y t&#7915;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i, b&#225;c s&#297; s&#7869; x&#225;c nh&#7853;n. Trong l&#250;c n&#224;y m&#7865; v&#7851;n c&#243; th&#7875; h&#250;t s&#7919;a &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c cho b&#233; b&#250;, v&#236; vi khu&#7849;n lao kh&#244;ng l&#226;y qua &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng s&#7919;a m&#7865;. </p><p><strong><span>VII. T&#211;M L&#7840;I: TR&#7902; NG&#7840;I TH&#7852;T S&#7920; HI&#7870;M &#272;&#7870;N M&#7912;C N&#192;O?</span></strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K3hW!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ea407d2-75f0-47ec-9933-ad96cb389bfe_1840x1530.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K3hW!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ea407d2-75f0-47ec-9933-ad96cb389bfe_1840x1530.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K3hW!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ea407d2-75f0-47ec-9933-ad96cb389bfe_1840x1530.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K3hW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ea407d2-75f0-47ec-9933-ad96cb389bfe_1840x1530.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K3hW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ea407d2-75f0-47ec-9933-ad96cb389bfe_1840x1530.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K3hW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ea407d2-75f0-47ec-9933-ad96cb389bfe_1840x1530.png" width="1456" height="1211" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0ea407d2-75f0-47ec-9933-ad96cb389bfe_1840x1530.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1211,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:208158,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/i/214566658?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ea407d2-75f0-47ec-9933-ad96cb389bfe_1840x1530.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K3hW!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ea407d2-75f0-47ec-9933-ad96cb389bfe_1840x1530.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K3hW!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ea407d2-75f0-47ec-9933-ad96cb389bfe_1840x1530.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K3hW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ea407d2-75f0-47ec-9933-ad96cb389bfe_1840x1530.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K3hW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ea407d2-75f0-47ec-9933-ad96cb389bfe_1840x1530.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Tr&#234;n &#273;&#226;y l&#224; ph&#7847;n t&#7893;ng k&#7871;t t&#7915; danh s&#225;ch tham kh&#7843;o &#7903; cu&#7889;i b&#224;i. C&#225;c s&#7889; li&#7879;u tr&#234;n ch&#432;a bao g&#7891;m nh&#7919;ng bi&#7871;n ch&#7913;ng/ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p khi chuy&#7875;n d&#7841;, ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; sinh m&#7893;, sinh th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#243; can thi&#7879;p, b&#259;ng huy&#7871;t sau sinh, s&#243;t nhau, chuy&#7875;n d&#7841; k&#233;o d&#224;i, sang ch&#7845;n t&#226;m l&#253; khi sinh v&#224; nh&#7919;ng tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p kh&#225;c.</em></p><p><strong>VII. BA &#272;I&#7872;U M&#204;NH MU&#7888;N M&#7864; NH&#7898;</strong></p><p><strong>1. &#8220;N&#7871;u mu&#7889;n, s&#7869; c&#243; c&#225;ch&#8221;.</strong> &#272;a s&#7889; c&#225;c v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; v&#7873; s&#7919;a m&#7865; &#273;&#7873;u gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c n&#7871;u c&#243; &#273;&#250;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#7895; tr&#7907;, nh&#432; IBCLC/t&#432; v&#7845;n vi&#234;n s&#7919;a m&#7865; c&#243; &#273;&#224;o t&#7841;o, b&#225;c s&#297;, h&#7879; th&#7889;ng y t&#7871; c&#361;ng nh&#432; gia &#273;&#236;nh. V&#224; d&#249; m&#7865; ch&#7881; c&#243; m&#7897;t &#237;t s&#7919;a th&#236; v&#7851;n t&#7889;t h&#417;n l&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#243; s&#7919;a. Cho d&#249; m&#7865; c&#243; kh&#244;ng thu&#7897;c v&#224;o nh&#7919;ng tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p k&#7875; tr&#234;n th&#236; vi&#7879;c m&#7865; t&#236;m ki&#7871;m s&#7921; gi&#250;p &#273;&#7905; khi g&#7863;p kh&#243; kh&#259;n kh&#244;ng bao gi&#7901; cho th&#7845;y m&#7865; l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7845;t b&#7841;i. </p><p><strong>2. &#8220;Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#7895;i c&#7911;a m&#7865;&#8221;.</strong> C&#243; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u l&#253; do sinh l&#253; th&#7853;t (IGT, n&#7897;i ti&#7871;t, ph&#7851;u thu&#7853;t ng&#7921;c&#8230;) khi&#7871;n m&#7897;t s&#7889; m&#7865; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7911; s&#7919;a d&#249; &#273;&#227; l&#224;m &#273;&#250;ng m&#7885;i th&#7913;. Thi&#7871;u h&#7895; tr&#7907; k&#7883;p th&#7901;i v&#224; th&#244;ng tin sai l&#7879;ch trong c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng c&#361;ng l&#224; nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n kh&#244;ng k&#233;m.</p><p><strong>3. &#8220;Quy&#7873;n t&#7921; quy&#7871;t&#8221;.</strong> Nu&#244;i con b&#7857;ng g&#236; l&#224; quy&#7873;n c&#7911;a m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865;, d&#7921;a tr&#234;n ho&#224;n c&#7843;nh v&#224; c&#417; th&#7875; c&#7911;a ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh. Kh&#244;ng ai c&#243; quy&#7873;n ph&#225;n x&#233;t l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c. Truy&#7873;n th&#244;ng v&#7873; nu&#244;i con s&#7919;a m&#7865; n&#234;n nh&#7857;m m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch gi&#225;o d&#7909;c, h&#7895; tr&#7907; v&#224; trao quy&#7873;n cho m&#7865; v&#224; gia &#273;&#236;nh.</p><p>Ng&#7841;n ng&#7919; Ch&#226;u Phi c&#243; c&#226;u &#8216;It takes a village to raise a baby&#8217;, ngh&#297;a l&#224; &#8216;C&#7847;n m&#7897;t ng&#244;i l&#224;ng &#273;&#7875; nu&#244;i m&#7897;t &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867;&#8217;. N&#7871;u m&#7865; g&#7863;p tr&#7903; ng&#7841;i ho&#7863;c c&#7843;m th&#7845;y nh&#7919;ng m&#7909;c ti&#234;u nu&#244;i con s&#7919;a m&#7865; c&#7911;a m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c, ho&#7863;c kh&#244;ng nh&#432; &#253; nguy&#7879;n th&#236; c&#7843; m&#7897;t &#8216;ng&#244;i l&#224;ng&#8217; (c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng, x&#227; h&#7897;i) ph&#7843;i g&#225;nh v&#225;c. S&#7919;a m&#7865; l&#224; quan tr&#7885;ng, nh&#432;ng s&#7921; hi&#7879;n di&#7879;n c&#7911;a m&#7865; d&#224;nh cho con quan tr&#7885;ng h&#417;n t&#7845;t c&#7843;. Mong m&#7865; v&#7919;ng v&#224;ng tr&#234;n h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh &#273;&#7847;y y&#234;u th&#432;&#417;ng m&#224; c&#361;ng nhi&#7873;u th&#7917; th&#225;ch c&#7911;a m&#236;nh.</p><p><strong>T&#192;I LI&#7878;U THAM KH&#7842;O</strong></p><ol><li><p>Jin, X., Lai, C.T., Perrella, S.L., Gridneva, Z., McEachran, J.L., Hassan, G.M., Taylor, N.L., &amp; Geddes, D.T. (2025). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17223524">Defining Low Milk Supply: A Data-Driven Diagnostic Framework and Risk Factor Analysis for Breastfeeding Women</a>. Nutrients, 17(22), 3524. </p></li><li><p>Reisman, T., &amp; Goldstein, Z. (2018). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1089/trgh.2017.0044">Case Report: Induced Lactation in a Transgender Woman</a>. Transgender Health, 3(1), 24-26. </p></li><li><p>Ikebukuro, S., Tanaka, M., Kaneko, M., et al. (2024). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-024-00675-4">Induced lactation in a transgender woman: case report</a>. International Breastfeeding Journal, 19, 66. </p></li><li><p>Sattari et al. (2025). <a href="https://journalaim.com/FullHtml/aim-33516">Induced Lactation in Non-gestational Mothers in Iran: Outcomes and Predictors of Breastfeeding Success</a>. Archives of Iranian Medicine, 28(3). </p></li><li><p>Ngo et al (2022). <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35845714/">Molecular Characterization and Genotype-Phenotype Correlation of G6PD Mutations in Five Ethnicities of Northern Vietnam</a>. Anemia, 2022, 2653089. </p></li><li><p>Panel on Treatment of HIV in Pregnancy and Prevention of Perinatal Transmission (NIH/HHS, M&#7929;). <a href="https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/perinatal/preventing-transmission-infant-feeding">Preventing HIV Transmission During Infant Feeding</a>, c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t 25/6/2026. </p></li><li><p>B&#7879;nh vi&#7879;n Ph&#7893;i Trung &#432;&#417;ng, d&#7851;n B&#225;o c&#225;o Lao to&#224;n c&#7847;u WHO 2023. <a href="https://benhvienphoitrunguong.vn/tin-tuc-su-kien/thong-bao/viet-nam-dung-thu-11-the-gioi-ve-ganh-nang-benh-lao-so-tu-vong-cao-hon-tai-nan-giao-thong">Vi&#7879;t Nam &#273;&#7913;ng th&#7913; 11 th&#7871; gi&#7899;i v&#7873; g&#225;nh n&#7863;ng b&#7879;nh lao</a>. </p></li><li><p>Blau, N. et al. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1504/">Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Deficiency</a>. GeneReviews&#174;, NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1504/. B&#7843;n ph&#7893; th&#244;ng NORD: https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/phenylketonuria/</p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1319">Maple Syrup Urine Disease</a>. GeneReviews&#174;, NCBI Bookshelf. /. B&#7843;n ph&#7893; th&#244;ng NORD: https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/maple-syrup-urine-disease/</p></li><li><p>Galactosemia Foundation. <a href="https://galactosemia.org/about/types-of-galactosemia/">Types of Galactosemia.</a> </p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK258640/">Duarte Galactosemia</a>. GeneReviews&#174;, NCBI Bookshelf (tr&#237;ch d&#7851;n nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u Carlock v&#224; c&#7897;ng s&#7921;, 2019, Pediatrics 143(1):e20182516, n=350). </p></li><li><p>Fridovich-Keil, J.L. &amp; Walter, J.H. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK51671/">Epimerase Deficiency Galactosemia</a>. GeneReviews&#174;, NCBI Bookshelf. </p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560683/">Galactokinase Deficiency</a>. StatPearls, NCBI Bookshelf. </p><p></p><p></p></li></ol><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe"><span>&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Hướng dẫn pha sữa công thức đúng cách]]></title><description><![CDATA[M&#7885;i chuy&#7879;n b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#7915; m&#7897;t c&#250; &#273;i&#7879;n tho&#7841;i tr&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng d&#226;y Helpline c&#7911;a ABA c&#225;ch &#273;&#226;y m&#7845;y n&#259;m.]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/huong-dan-pha-sua-cong-thuc-ung-cach</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/huong-dan-pha-sua-cong-thuc-ung-cach</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 05 Sep 2026 13:23:38 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fWFN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7861496a-f6dc-467c-8f08-56d5039aaffd_2816x1536.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fWFN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7861496a-f6dc-467c-8f08-56d5039aaffd_2816x1536.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>M&#7885;i chuy&#7879;n b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#7915; m&#7897;t c&#250; &#273;i&#7879;n tho&#7841;i tr&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng d&#226;y Helpline c&#7911;a ABA c&#225;ch &#273;&#226;y m&#7845;y n&#259;m. Ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; &#7845;y kh&#244;ng g&#7885;i &#273;&#7875; h&#7887;i l&#224;m sao &#273;&#7875; t&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng s&#7919;a, l&#224;m sao &#273;&#7875; cho con b&#250; &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;ch, l&#224;m sao &#273;&#7875; thu&#234; mhs, m&#224; h&#7887;i m&#236;nh&#8230;c&#225;ch pha s&#7919;a c&#244;ng th&#7913;c!</p><p>M&#236;nh b&#7845;t ng&#7901;, &#250; &#7899; t&#7841;i ch&#7895; lu&#244;n, xong th&#224;nh th&#7853;t tr&#7843; l&#7901;i l&#224; &#8216;Xin l&#7895;i ch&#7883;, m&#236;nh th&#250; th&#7853;t m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng r&#224;nh l&#7855;m. V&#7899;i l&#7841;i m&#236;nh c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c hu&#7845;n luy&#7879;n &#273;&#7875; h&#7895; tr&#7907; vi&#7879;c pha s&#7919;a c&#244;ng th&#7913;c &#7841;. C&#225;i n&#224;y ch&#7883; c&#7913; theo h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n c&#7911;a nh&#224; s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t ch&#7913; m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t.&#8221; Ch&#432;a h&#7871;t, t&#7845;t nhi&#234;n m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; h&#7887;i l&#224; m&#236;nh c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#250;p g&#236; cho m&#7865; &#7845;y &#273;&#7875; nu&#244;i con b&#7857;ng s&#7919;a m&#7865; kh&#244;ng, v&#224; n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng ng&#7841;i c&#243; th&#7875; cho m&#236;nh bi&#7871;t l&#224; con m&#7865; &#7845;y bao nhi&#234;u th&#225;ng v&#224; kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t b&#233; c&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#250; m&#7865;, v&#224; b&#250; m&#7865; bao l&#226;u r&#7891;i kh&#244;ng (m&#236;nh tr&#225;nh vi&#7879;c h&#7887;i t&#7841;i sao cho con b&#250; sct). M&#7865; &#7845;y tr&#7843; l&#7901;i l&#224; &#8216;T&#244;i &#273;ang h&#243;a tr&#7883; ch&#7883; &#7841;, theo ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh c&#7911;a b&#225;c s&#297; th&#236; t&#244;i ph&#7843;i cai s&#7919;a cho con. T&#244;i c&#243; xin s&#7919;a tr&#234;n HM4HB nh&#432;ng hi&#7879;n gi&#7901; &#273;&#227; h&#7871;t r&#7891;i, t&#244;i kh&#244;ng c&#242;n c&#225;ch n&#224;o kh&#225;c&#8230;&#8221;</p><p>&#272;&#7885;c &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#226;y, ch&#7855;c h&#7859;n m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; hi&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#253; do &#273;&#7857;ng sau c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c ph&#7843;i h&#243;a tr&#7883; r&#7891;i nh&#7881;. K&#7871;t th&#250;c cu&#7897;c g&#7885;i h&#244;m &#273;&#243;, m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t di&#7877;n t&#7843; c&#7843;m x&#250;c c&#7911;a m&#236;nh th&#7871; n&#224;o n&#7919;a; ch&#7881; bi&#7871;t &#273;&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#7843;m x&#250;c th&#7853;t th&#432;&#417;ng cho ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; &#7845;y, v&#224; th&#7853;t &#225;y n&#225;y! Ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n tr&#234;n h&#7897;p sct c&#361;ng c&#243; h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n pha r&#7891;i ch&#7913;, th&#7871; th&#236; t&#7841;i sao m&#7865; &#7845;y v&#7851;n g&#7885;i &#273;&#7871;n Helpline, g&#7885;i &#273;&#7871;n Helpline c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; c&#7847;n s&#7921; gi&#250;p &#273;&#7905;. Th&#7871; m&#224; m&#236;nh ch&#7859;ng gi&#250;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#236; c&#7843;. M&#236;nh ho&#224;n to&#224;n kh&#244;ng nh&#7899; l&#224; trong ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh &#273;&#224;o t&#7841;o Breastfeeding Counsellor c&#7911;a m&#236;nh c&#243; ph&#7847;n h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n pha sct kh&#244;ng n&#7919;a, ho&#7863;c l&#224; &#273;&#227; c&#243; nh&#432;ng m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7875; &#253;, v&#236; m&#236;nh cho r&#7857;ng m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng vi&#7879;c g&#236; ph&#7843;i bi&#7871;t nh&#7919;ng th&#244;ng tin &#273;&#243;, vi&#7879;c c&#7911;a m&#236;nh ch&#7881; t&#7853;p trung gi&#250;p nh&#7919;ng ai nu&#244;i con b&#7857;ng s&#7919;a m&#7865; th&#244;i! Th&#7871; l&#224; m&#236;nh t&#236;m th&#7917; tr&#234;n website c&#7911;a ABA, v&#224; &#273;&#250;ng l&#224; c&#243; d&#7851;n nh&#7919;ng t&#224;i li&#7879;u h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n chu&#7849;n b&#7883; sct. &#416; hay, m&#7897;t t&#7893; ch&#7913;c t&#7847;m c&#7905; qu&#7889;c t&#7871; v&#7873; s&#7919;a m&#7865; nh&#432; ABA m&#224; l&#7841;i d&#7851;n nh&#7919;ng link pha sct l&#224; sao?</p><p>Nh&#432;ng c&#224;ng h&#7885;c v&#7873; s&#7919;a m&#7865;, c&#224;ng t&#432; v&#7845;n v&#224; h&#7895; tr&#7907; cho nhi&#7873;u m&#7865; trong h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh nu&#244;i con b&#7857;ng s&#7919;a m&#7865;, m&#236;nh nh&#7853;n ra r&#7857;ng m&#236;nh c&#224;ng ph&#7843;i bi&#7871;t nhi&#7873;u v&#7873; s&#7919;a c&#244;ng th&#7913;c! Nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#225;n s&#7919;a c&#244;ng th&#7913;c c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n bi&#7871;t v&#7873; s&#7919;a m&#7865;, nh&#432;ng nh&#7919;ng t&#432; v&#7845;n vi&#234;n s&#7919;a m&#7865; nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i bi&#7871;t v&#7873; sct. Nh&#226;n vi&#234;n c&#225;c h&#227;ng s&#7919;a c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n d&#7921; nh&#7919;ng h&#7897;i th&#7843;o v&#7873; s&#7919;a m&#7865;, nh&#432;ng nh&#7919;ng IBCLC c&#243; th&#7875; d&#7921; nh&#7919;ng h&#7897;i th&#7843;o c&#7911;a h&#227;ng s&#7919;a v&#7899;i m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n l&#224; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7853;n b&#7845;t k&#7923; qu&#224; c&#225;p, t&#224;i tr&#7907; n&#224;o c&#7911;a h&#227;ng k&#7875; c&#7843; ph&#7847;n &#259;n tr&#432;a m&#224; h&#7885; m&#7901;i. H&#7885; ch&#7881; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#7921; v&#7899;i l&#253; do duy nh&#7845;t l&#224; t&#236;m hi&#7875;u th&#244;ng tin t&#7915; h&#227;ng s&#7919;a, nh&#7919;ng &#8216;k&#7929; thu&#7853;t&#8217; hay &#8216;c&#244;ng ngh&#7879;&#8217; m&#224; h&#227;ng s&#7919;a &#8216;c&#7843;i ti&#7871;n&#8217; v&#224; tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i ph&#7843;i t&#7915; ch&#7889;i t&#7845;t c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7873; ngh&#7883; li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n l&#7907;i &#237;ch c&#225; nh&#226;n l&#224;m &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n th&#7921;c h&#224;nh v&#224; quy t&#7855;c &#273;&#7841;o &#273;&#7913;c ngh&#7873; nghi&#7879;p c&#7911;a IBCLC.</p><p>C&#242;n m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u n&#7919;a, ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; nu&#244;i con b&#7857;ng sct th&#236; c&#243; t&#7897;i t&#236;nh g&#236;?</p><p>M&#236;nh bi&#7871;t c&#243; nh&#7919;ng b&#224; m&#7865; c&#7847;m b&#236;nh sct &#273;&#250;t cho con m&#224; n&#432;&#7899;c m&#7855;t l&#432;ng tr&#242;ng, t&#7921; tr&#225;ch m&#236;nh l&#224; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; t&#7891;i t&#7879; v&#236; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; cho con b&#250;. M&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7841;n c&#7911;a m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; t&#7915;ng ng&#7845;t x&#7881;u trong nh&#224; t&#7855;m do ki&#7879;t s&#7913;c v&#236; cho d&#249; n&#7895; l&#7921;c h&#250;t s&#7919;a h&#417;n 14 l&#7847;n m&#7897;t ng&#224;y m&#224; v&#7851;n kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7911; s&#7919;a cho con! Nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#432;a bao gi&#7901; &#7903; trong ho&#224;n c&#7843;nh &#7845;y, khi &#273;&#7885;c &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#226;y, c&#243; th&#7875; &#237;t nhi&#7873;u s&#7869; h&#7887;i t&#7841;i sao 14 l&#7847;n &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng &#244;m con v&#224;o l&#242;ng &#273;&#7875; cho con b&#250; m&#224; &#244;m c&#225;i mhs chi v&#7853;y. Nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#432;a t&#7915;ng &#7903; trong ho&#224;n c&#7843;nh &#7845;y, khi &#273;&#7885;c &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#226;y, c&#243; th&#7875; &#237;t nhi&#7873;u s&#7869; n&#243;i ai bi&#7875;u kh&#244;ng cho con b&#250; m&#7865;, ai bi&#7875;u cho con b&#250; sct r&#7891;i than l&#224;m g&#236;!</p><p>V&#7853;y th&#236;, l&#7845;y ti&#234;u chu&#7849;n n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; t&#236;nh y&#234;u th&#432;&#417;ng c&#7911;a m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; cho con b&#250;, v&#224; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; cho con b&#250; b&#236;nh?</p><p>M&#236;nh vi&#7871;t b&#224;i n&#224;y, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; n&#243;i l&#234;n ti&#7871;ng l&#242;ng c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; nu&#244;i con b&#7857;ng sct, m&#224; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n ch&#7881; l&#224; n&#7895;i l&#242;ng c&#7911;a m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; c&#361;ng th&#432;&#417;ng con nh&#432; b&#7845;t k&#7923; ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; n&#224;o.</p><p>N&#7871;u n&#243;i v&#7873; nh&#7919;ng l&#7907;i &#237;ch c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c nu&#244;i con b&#7857;ng s&#7919;a m&#7865; v&#224; nh&#7919;ng t&#225;c h&#7841;i ho&#7863;c nh&#7919;ng nguy c&#417; ti&#7873;m &#7849;n c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c kh&#244;ng cho con b&#250; m&#7865;, m&#236;nh s&#7869; n&#243;i cho t&#7899;i b&#7871;n &#273;&#7875; ch&#7913;ng minh s&#7919;a m&#7865; v&#244; &#273;&#7889;i th&#7871; n&#224;o. Nh&#432;ng m&#236;nh s&#7869; d&#224;nh &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243; trong m&#7897;t cu&#7897;c thi h&#249;ng bi&#7879;n! C&#7909; th&#7875; h&#417;n, m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; l&#224;m &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243; trong cu&#7897;c thi IBCLC v&#7915;a r&#7891;i.</p><p>Tr&#7903; l&#7841;i b&#224;i vi&#7871;t, v&#236; sao ph&#7843;i bi&#7871;t pha s&#7919;a c&#244;ng th&#7913;c &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;ch?</p><p>Th&#7913; nh&#7845;t, sct kh&#244;ng h&#7873; c&#243; m&#7897;t ch&#250;t kh&#225;ng th&#7875; n&#224;o c&#7843;! N&#243; l&#224; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; cho kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng (em b&#233;) m&#224; c&#242;n l&#224; ngu&#7891;n dinh d&#432;&#7905;ng v&#224; m&#243;n m&#7891;i ngon cho k&#237;nh th&#432;a c&#225;c th&#7875; lo&#7841;i vi khu&#7849;n, vi tr&#249;ng n&#7919;a! Trong &#273;&#243;, m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng lo&#7841;i khu&#7849;n c&#243; th&#7875; g&#226;y ra t&#7917; vong cho tr&#7867; sinh non v&#236; b&#7883; ch&#7913;ng ru&#7897;t ho&#7841;i t&#7917; (NEC) l&#224; Cronobacter sakazakii.</p><p>Th&#7913; hai, sct ch&#7913;a nhi&#7873;u r&#7911;i ro, nh&#432;ng n&#243; v&#7851;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c WHO x&#7871;p h&#224;ng th&#7913; t&#432;. V&#236; v&#7853;y, &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i c&#225;c b&#233; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#250; m&#7865;, kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7853;n kh&#225;ng th&#7875; t&#7915; s&#7919;a m&#7865;, th&#236; ph&#7843;i c&#243; c&#225;ch n&#224;o &#273;&#243; &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;m thi&#7875;u r&#7911;i ro. &#272;&#243; l&#224; l&#253; do t&#7841;i sao WHO, UNICEF v&#224; m&#7897;t s&#7889; t&#7893; ch&#7913;c kh&#225;c &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;a ra h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n pha s&#7919;a c&#244;ng th&#7913;c sao cho an to&#224;n nh&#7845;t c&#243; th&#7875;.</p><p>Th&#7913; ba, kh&#244;ng &#237;t nh&#7919;ng ba m&#7865; nu&#244;i con b&#7857;ng sct l&#226;u nay &#273;&#227; pha s&#7919;a kh&#244;ng &#273;&#250;ng, h&#7885; th&#432;&#7901;ng pha &#7903; nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897; 40 &#273;&#7897; C v&#224; cho r&#7857;ng n&#7871;u n&#243;ng qu&#225; th&#236; s&#7869; l&#224;m ch&#7871;t c&#225;c kh&#225;ng th&#7875; trong sct. K&#7923; th&#7921;c, nh&#432; m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; vi&#7871;t &#7903; tr&#234;n, trong sct kh&#244;ng h&#7873; c&#243; m&#7897;t ch&#250;t kh&#225;ng th&#7875; n&#224;o c&#7843;. N&#243; l&#224; th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m &#8216;ch&#7871;t&#8217; ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m s&#7889;ng v&#224; n&#243; c&#361;ng l&#224; m&#7891;i ngon cho c&#225;c lo&#7841;i khu&#7849;n n&#7919;a. Ch&#237;nh v&#236; l&#253; do &#273;&#243; m&#224; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; sinh con kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh &#273;&#7911; th&#225;ng, kh&#244;ng cho con b&#250; tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p m&#224; h&#250;t s&#7919;a ho&#224;n to&#224;n th&#236; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i ti&#7879;t tr&#249;ng b&#236;nh s&#7919;a v&#224; d&#7909;ng c&#7909; h&#250;t/v&#7855;t s&#7919;a cho m&#7895;i l&#7847;n v&#7855;t s&#7919;a, ch&#7881; c&#7847;n l&#224;m 1 l&#7847;n trong 24h th&#244;i. Nh&#7919;ng l&#7847;n kh&#225;c sau khi h&#250;t s&#7919;a xong th&#236; h&#7885; c&#243; th&#7875; cho v&#224;o h&#7897;p k&#237;n v&#224; c&#7845;t trong t&#7911; l&#7841;nh. Trong khi &#273;&#243;, c&#225;c b&#233; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#250; m&#7865;, c&#7909; th&#7875; l&#224; b&#233; d&#432;&#7899;i 6 th&#225;ng v&#224; &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; c&#225;c b&#233; sinh non th&#236; nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh ph&#7843;i r&#7845;t c&#7849;n th&#7853;n.</p><p><span data-color="#134f5c" style="color: rgb(19, 79, 92);">V&#7853;y th&#236; pha s&#7919;a th&#7871; n&#224;o cho &#273;&#250;ng? M&#236;nh &#273;&#237;nh k&#232;m m&#7897;t s&#7889; ngu&#7891;n &#273;&#7875; c&#225;c b&#7841;n tham kh&#7843;o c&#7909; th&#7875; h&#417;n, nh&#432;ng d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t s&#7889; t&#243;m t&#7855;t:</span></p><p><span data-color="#134f5c" style="color: rgb(19, 79, 92);">1. R&#7917;a tay s&#7841;ch, r&#7917;a b&#236;nh s&#7919;a b&#7857;ng n&#432;&#7899;c s&#7841;ch (WHO g&#7885;i l&#224; &#8216;safe water&#8217;).</span></p><p><span data-color="#134f5c" style="color: rgb(19, 79, 92);">2. Ti&#7879;t tr&#249;ng b&#7857;ng n&#432;&#7899;c s&#244;i (hi&#7879;n nay &#273;&#227; c&#243; m&#225;y ti&#7879;t tr&#249;ng b&#236;nh s&#7919;a)</span></p><p><span data-color="#134f5c" style="color: rgb(19, 79, 92);">3. N&#7845;u n&#432;&#7899;c s&#244;i 100 &#273;&#7897;, sau &#273;&#243; &#273;&#7875; ngu&#7897;i nh&#432;ng KH&#212;NG &#272;&#431;&#7906;C TH&#7844;P H&#416;N 70 &#272;&#7896;! L&#253; do l&#224; &#273;&#7875; di&#7879;t c&#225;c khu&#7849;n m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; n&#234;u tr&#234;n.</span></p><p><em><span data-color="#134f5c" style="color: rgb(19, 79, 92);">Ngu&#7891;n: </span><a href="http://iris.who.int"><span data-color="#134f5c" style="color: rgb(19, 79, 92);">WHO/FAO, Safe preparation, storage and handling of powdered infant formula: Guidelines</span></a></em></p><p><span data-color="#134f5c" style="color: rgb(19, 79, 92);">4. &#272;&#7885;c k&#7929; h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng tr&#234;n th&#244;ng tin s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m v&#7873; t&#7881; l&#7879; n&#432;&#7899;c/s&#7919;a b&#7897;t v&#224; cho l&#432;&#7907;ng n&#432;&#7899;c y&#234;u c&#7847;u v&#224;o b&#236;nh &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ti&#7879;t tr&#249;ng. L&#7855;c nh&#7865; &#273;&#7875; b&#7897;t tan ra, &#273;&#7875; ngu&#7897;i tr&#432;&#7899;c khi cho b&#233; b&#250;.</span></p><p><span data-color="#134f5c" style="color: rgb(19, 79, 92);">5. Theo h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n an to&#224;n th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m hi&#7879;n h&#224;nh (&#218;c): s&#7919;a &#273;&#227; pha nh&#432;ng con CH&#431;A b&#250; t&#7899;i th&#236; b&#7887; &#273;i sau t&#7889;i &#273;a 2 ti&#7871;ng &#273;&#7875; &#7903; nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897; ph&#242;ng; c&#242;n s&#7919;a con &#273;&#227; ng&#7853;m ti b&#250; d&#7903; th&#236; ch&#7881; n&#234;n gi&#7919; t&#7889;i &#273;a 1 ti&#7871;ng r&#7891;i b&#7887;, v&#236; n&#432;&#7899;c b&#7885;t c&#7911;a b&#233; &#273;&#227; l&#7851;n v&#224;o s&#7919;a l&#224;m vi khu&#7849;n ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n nhanh h&#417;n nhi&#7873;u.</span></p><p><em><span data-color="#134f5c" style="color: rgb(19, 79, 92);">Ngu&#7891;n: </span><a href="http://schn.health.nsw.gov.au/factsheets/infant-formula"><span data-color="#134f5c" style="color: rgb(19, 79, 92);">Sydney Children&#8217;s Hospitals Network, Infant formula factsheet</span></a></em></p><p>T&#7845;t c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865;, b&#7845;t k&#7875; h&#7885; ch&#7885;n nu&#244;i con b&#7857;ng g&#236;, &#273;&#7873;u x&#7913;ng &#273;&#225;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c y&#234;u th&#432;&#417;ng, tr&#226;n tr&#7885;ng v&#224; &#273;&#7897;ng vi&#234;n. V&#236; t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng c&#417; th&#7875; &#7845;y, &#273;&#227; sinh ra nh&#7919;ng thi&#234;n th&#7847;n m&#224; ch&#250;ng ta c&#242;n y&#234;u th&#432;&#417;ng h&#417;n c&#7843; m&#7841;ng s&#7889;ng c&#7911;a ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh n&#7919;a.</p><p>C&#242;n n&#7919;a, t&#7915; b&#7843;n th&#226;n m&#236;nh, m&#236;nh th&#7845;y r&#7857;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng ng&#244;n t&#7915; c&#7911;a m&#236;nh c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7871;n n&#7895;i ngh&#232;o n&#224;n, n&#234;n m&#236;nh ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng ch&#7885;n c&#225;ch n&#243;i sao &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7841;t hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c truy&#7873;n &#273;&#7841;t nh&#7845;t, &#273;em l&#7841;i tr&#7885;n v&#7865;n th&#244;ng &#273;i&#7879;p m&#236;nh mu&#7889;n truy&#7873;n t&#7843;i, trong kh&#7843; n&#259;ng v&#224; nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c c&#7911;a m&#236;nh.</p><p>Bi&#7871;t &#273;&#226;u ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; &#273;ang cho con b&#250; sct kia &#273;ang g&#7863;p v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; g&#236; &#273;&#243; khi cho con b&#250;&#8230;</p><p>Bi&#7871;t &#273;&#226;u m&#7865; &#7845;y &#273;ang g&#7863;p nhi&#7873;u &#225;p l&#7921;c&#8230;</p><p>Bi&#7871;t &#273;&#226;u m&#7865; &#7845;y &#273;ang m&#7855;c ph&#7843;i m&#7897;t c&#259;n b&#7879;nh hi&#7875;m ngh&#232;o n&#224;o &#273;&#243; c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i cai s&#7919;a cho con &#273;&#7875; ch&#7919;a tr&#7883; gi&#224;nh l&#7841;i m&#7841;ng s&#7889;ng c&#7911;a m&#236;nh &#273;&#7875; c&#243; th&#7875; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#7903; b&#234;n con.</p><p>Bi&#7871;t &#273;&#226;u m&#7865; &#7845;y c&#361;ng &#273;ang ng&#7897; nh&#7853;n gi&#7889;ng m&#236;nh ng&#224;y x&#432;a&#8230;</p><p>Bi&#7871;t &#273;&#226;u m&#7865; &#7845;y kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c may m&#7855;n nh&#432; m&#236;nh&#8230;</p><p>T&#7845;t c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng ch&#7919; &#8216;bi&#7871;t &#273;&#226;u&#8217; c&#243; th&#7875; ch&#7881; l&#224; suy &#273;o&#225;n, nh&#432;ng c&#243; m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n r&#7857;ng kh&#244;ng t&#236;nh y&#234;u th&#432;&#417;ng n&#224;o c&#243; th&#7875; s&#225;nh b&#7857;ng t&#236;nh y&#234;u th&#432;&#417;ng c&#7911;a m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; d&#224;nh cho con c&#7911;a m&#236;nh. V&#7853;y th&#236; m&#236;nh c&#243; quy&#7873;n g&#236;, c&#243; t&#432; c&#225;ch g&#236; m&#224; &#273;i ph&#225;n x&#233;t m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; kh&#225;c?</p><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n th&#224;nh c&#244;ng khi nu&#244;i con b&#7857;ng s&#7919;a m&#7865;, m&#236;nh ch&#7855;c r&#7857;ng c&#243; l&#7869; b&#7841;n c&#361;ng mu&#7889;n gi&#250;p nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; kh&#225;c c&#361;ng th&#224;nh c&#244;ng gi&#7889;ng m&#236;nh, ho&#7863;c &#237;t ra gi&#225;c ng&#7897; gi&#7889;ng m&#236;nh &#273;&#250;ng kh&#244;ng?</p><p>V&#7853;y th&#236;, &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c c&#361;ng gi&#225;c ng&#7897; gi&#7889;ng m&#236;nh, h&#227;y gi&#225;c ng&#7897; c&#225;i t&#226;m ph&#225;n x&#233;t c&#7911;a m&#236;nh tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#227;! B&#7903;i v&#236; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c c&#243; th&#7875; tin v&#224; l&#224;m gi&#7889;ng m&#236;nh, th&#236; h&#7885; c&#7847;n c&#243; ni&#7873;m tin &#7903; m&#236;nh, r&#7857;ng m&#236;nh l&#7855;ng nghe, m&#236;nh &#273;&#7891;ng c&#7843;m, m&#236;nh th&#7845;u hi&#7875;u, m&#236;nh tr&#226;n tr&#7885;ng h&#7885;. H&#7885; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y h&#7885; c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883;, h&#7885; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y h&#7885; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ti&#7871;p s&#7913;c, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7897;ng vi&#234;n, h&#7885; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y h&#7885; kh&#244;ng l&#7867; loi v&#224; h&#7885; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y cho con b&#250; c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236; &#273;&#243; r&#7845;t tuy&#7879;t v&#224; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; nu&#244;i con b&#7857;ng s&#7919;a m&#7865; th&#7853;t tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m b&#7841;n v&#224; &#273;&#7875; h&#7885;c h&#7887;i.</p><p>T&#192;I LI&#7878;U THAM KH&#7842;O:</p><p>1. <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2018.00385/full">Human Milk Oligosaccharides in the Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis</a> (Oligosaccarides trong s&#7919;a m&#7865; trong vi&#7879;c ph&#242;ng tr&#225;nh Ch&#7913;ng ru&#7897;t Ho&#7841;i t&#7917;): </p><p>2. <a href="https://www.breastfeeding.asn.au/bfinfo/guide-feeding-your-baby-formula-breastmilk-substitutes">Guide to feeding your baby formula / breastmilk substitutes</a> (H&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n cho con b&#250; b&#7857;ng s&#7919;a c&#244;ng th&#7913;c/s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m thay th&#7871; s&#7919;a m&#7865; - trong n&#224;y c&#243; link c&#7911;a WHO lu&#244;n n&#234;n m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng tr&#237;ch link c&#7911;a WHO)</p><p>2. <a href="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/59f75004f09ca48694070f3b/t/5f58858c11457f399bae4a61/1599636878436/Bacterial_contamination_Aug20.pdf">The bacterial contamination of powdered infant formula: What are the risks and do we need to review current instructions on safe preparation?</a> (Nhi&#7877;m khu&#7849;n trong s&#7919;a b&#7897;t d&#224;nh cho tr&#7867; em: Nh&#7919;ng nguy c&#417; l&#224; g&#236; v&#224; li&#7879;u ch&#250;ng ta c&#243; c&#7847;n xem l&#7841;i nh&#7919;ng h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n hi&#7879;n h&#224;nh v&#7873; vi&#7879;c chu&#7849;n b&#7883; an to&#224;n hay kh&#244;ng?):</p><p>3. <a href="https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=necrotizing-enterocolitis-90-P02388">Necrotizing Enterocolitis in the Newborn</a> (Vi&#234;m ru&#7897;t ho&#7841;i t&#7917; &#7903; tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh) </p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe"><span>&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Trẻ 5-6 tuổi (hoặc thậm chí lớn hơn) vẫn bú mẹ thì sao?]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#7902; b&#224;i tr&#432;&#7899;c, m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; n&#243;i v&#7873; chuy&#7879;n b&#233; 2 - 3 tu&#7893;i b&#250; m&#7865; v&#224; nh&#7919;ng hi&#7875;u l&#7847;m quanh vi&#7879;c nu&#244;i con s&#7919;a m&#7865; d&#224;i l&#226;u.]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/tre-5-6-tuoi-hoac-tham-chi-lon-hon</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/tre-5-6-tuoi-hoac-tham-chi-lon-hon</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 01 Sep 2026 13:35:27 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N1qw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F32e17d0d-9ba9-485e-8d5c-1615b2691263_2048x2048.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N1qw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F32e17d0d-9ba9-485e-8d5c-1615b2691263_2048x2048.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N1qw!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F32e17d0d-9ba9-485e-8d5c-1615b2691263_2048x2048.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N1qw!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F32e17d0d-9ba9-485e-8d5c-1615b2691263_2048x2048.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N1qw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F32e17d0d-9ba9-485e-8d5c-1615b2691263_2048x2048.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N1qw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F32e17d0d-9ba9-485e-8d5c-1615b2691263_2048x2048.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N1qw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F32e17d0d-9ba9-485e-8d5c-1615b2691263_2048x2048.jpeg" width="1456" height="1456" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N1qw!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F32e17d0d-9ba9-485e-8d5c-1615b2691263_2048x2048.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N1qw!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F32e17d0d-9ba9-485e-8d5c-1615b2691263_2048x2048.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N1qw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F32e17d0d-9ba9-485e-8d5c-1615b2691263_2048x2048.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N1qw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F32e17d0d-9ba9-485e-8d5c-1615b2691263_2048x2048.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>&#7902; b&#224;i tr&#432;&#7899;c, m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; n&#243;i v&#7873; chuy&#7879;n b&#233; 2 - 3 tu&#7893;i b&#250; m&#7865; v&#224; nh&#7919;ng hi&#7875;u l&#7847;m quanh vi&#7879;c nu&#244;i con s&#7919;a m&#7865; d&#224;i l&#226;u. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n l&#7905; ph&#7847;n 1 th&#236; c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c <a href="https://www.webcuame.com/p/sua-me-dai-lau-quyen-nang-sinh-hoc">&#7903; &#273;&#226;y</a> nh&#233;.</p><p>Nh&#432; &#273;&#227; h&#7913;a, trong b&#224;i n&#224;y m&#236;nh s&#7869; &#273;i th&#7859;ng v&#224;o &#8220;v&#249;ng c&#7845;m&#8221; n&#224;y: b&#233; l&#7899;n b&#250; m&#7865; nh&#236;n d&#432;&#7899;i g&#243;c &#273;&#7897; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n t&#226;m l&#253;, v&#259;n h&#243;a, v&#224; &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; quy&#7873;n ri&#234;ng t&#432; c&#7911;a &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; khi h&#236;nh &#7843;nh b&#233; b&#250; m&#7865; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#259;ng tr&#234;n m&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i.</p><p>M&#236;nh &#273;&#7885;c r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u b&#236;nh lu&#7853;n d&#249;ng nh&#7919;ng t&#7915; n&#7863;ng n&#7873;: &#8220;b&#7879;nh ho&#7841;n&#8221;, &#8220;l&#7879;ch l&#7841;c t&#237;nh d&#7909;c&#8221; v&#224; &#273;&#7857;ng sau nh&#7919;ng b&#236;nh lu&#7853;n &#273;&#243; l&#224; nh&#7919;ng &#244;ng b&#7889; b&#224; m&#7865; r&#7845;t b&#7845;t b&#236;nh. C&#361;ng l&#224; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865;, m&#236;nh hi&#7875;u n&#7895;i lo &#273;&#243;: ai c&#361;ng s&#7907; &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y l&#224;m h&#7841;i t&#226;m l&#253; con. M&#224; &#273;&#226;y &#273;&#226;u ph&#7843;i chuy&#7879;n ri&#234;ng c&#7911;a Vi&#7879;t Nam, &#273;i &#273;&#226;u m&#236;nh c&#361;ng th&#7845;y ki&#7875;u b&#236;nh lu&#7853;n n&#224;y.</p><p><strong>1&#65039;. C&#243; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng n&#224;o cho th&#7845;y &#8220;l&#7879;ch l&#7841;c&#8221; kh&#244;ng? Hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i l&#224; KH&#212;NG.</strong></p><p>V&#7873; m&#7863;t khoa h&#7885;c, ch&#432;a c&#243; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng l&#226;m s&#224;ng n&#224;o cho th&#7845;y vi&#7879;c tr&#7867; l&#7899;n ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c b&#250; m&#7865; trong m&#7897;t m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; g&#7855;n b&#243; an to&#224;n v&#7899;i cha m&#7865; l&#7841;i g&#226;y l&#7879;ch l&#7841;c gi&#7899;i t&#237;nh hay r&#7889;i lo&#7841;n nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c t&#237;nh d&#7909;c. Trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh t&#236;m ki&#7871;m nh&#7919;ng b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng cho gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t tr&#234;n, m&#236;nh l&#7841;i t&#236;m ra&#8230;&#273;i&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i! Nhi&#7873;u nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u theo d&#245;i tr&#7867; trong th&#7901;i gian d&#224;i cho th&#7845;y b&#250; m&#7865; l&#226;u h&#417;n kh&#244;ng l&#224;m t&#259;ng nguy c&#417; r&#7889;i lo&#7841;n t&#226;m th&#7847;n khi con v&#224;o tu&#7893;i m&#7851;u gi&#225;o hay thi&#7871;u ni&#234;n, th&#7853;m ch&#237; c&#243; nh&#243;m tr&#7867; c&#242;n &#237;t g&#7863;p v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; v&#7873; h&#224;nh vi h&#417;n.</p><p>C&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u nh&#226;n h&#7885;c &#7903; nhi&#7873;u c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng c&#361;ng cho th&#7845;y tr&#7867; t&#7921; cai s&#7919;a trong kho&#7843;ng 2,5 - 7 tu&#7893;i l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7911;a ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n. N&#243;i c&#225;ch kh&#225;c: tu&#7893;i cai s&#7919;a sinh h&#7885;c c&#7911;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng r&#7897;ng h&#417;n nhi&#7873;u so v&#7899;i chu&#7849;n x&#227; h&#7897;i &#7903; c&#225;c &#273;&#244; th&#7883; hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i. Ch&#7881; c&#243; &#273;i&#7873;u, th&#7901;i xa x&#432;a kh&#244;ng c&#243; internet, kh&#244;ng c&#243; m&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i, c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng c&#243; qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o s&#7919;a c&#244;ng th&#7913;c r&#7847;m r&#7897;, kh&#244;ng c&#243; nh&#7919;ng n&#7895;i lo thi&#7871;u s&#7919;a m&#7865; n&#234;n chuy&#7879;n nu&#244;i con s&#7919;a m&#7865; l&#224; t&#7921; nhi&#234;n nh&#432; h&#417;i th&#7903; v&#224; h&#7847;u nh&#432; kh&#244;ng ai ch&#250; &#253; nhi&#7873;u &#273;&#7871;n chuy&#7879;n m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; cho con b&#250; gi&#7919;a n&#417;i c&#244;ng c&#7897;ng.</p><p><strong>2. L&#7907;i &#237;ch cho m&#7865; khi cho con b&#250; l&#226;u d&#224;i</strong></p><p>L&#226;u nay ch&#250;ng ta v&#7851;n th&#432;&#7901;ng nh&#7855;c nhi&#7873;u &#273;&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng l&#7907;i &#237;ch cho tr&#7867; khi &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nu&#244;i b&#7857;ng s&#7919;a m&#7865;. C&#225;c b&#224; m&#7865;, d&#249; g&#7863;p kh&#243; kh&#259;n nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o tr&#234;n h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh n&#224;y, v&#7851;n t&#236;m m&#7885;i c&#225;ch &#273;&#7875; &#273;em l&#7841;i cho con nh&#7919;ng g&#236; t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch cho con b&#250;. Trong c&#225;c chuy&#7871;n th&#259;m t&#7915; gia &#273;&#236;nh hay b&#7841;n b&#232; sau khi m&#7865; sinh b&#233;, ng&#432;&#7901;i ta v&#7851;n t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o vi&#7879;c &#8220;m&#7865; c&#243; s&#7919;a kh&#244;ng&#8221;, &#8220;em b&#233; c&#243; ngoan kh&#244;ng&#8221; nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ai c&#361;ng h&#7887;i &#8220;m&#7865; c&#243; m&#7879;t kh&#244;ng&#8221;, &#8220;m&#7865; c&#243; &#7893;n kh&#244;ng&#8221; hay &#8220;m&#7865; c&#243; c&#7847;n gi&#250;p &#273;&#7905; g&#236; kh&#244;ng&#8221;. H&#227;y &#244;m l&#7845;y ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865;, h&#227;y th&#432;&#417;ng l&#7845;y ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865;, v&#224; h&#227;y h&#7895; tr&#7907; ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; cho con b&#250; v&#236; &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243; c&#361;ng &#273;em l&#7841;i l&#7907;i &#237;ch cho c&#244; &#7845;y.</p><p>Nu&#244;i con s&#7919;a m&#7865; nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m, ho&#7863;c cho nhi&#7873;u con b&#250;, l&#224;m t&#259;ng t&#7893;ng th&#7901;i gian cho b&#250; trong &#273;&#7901;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7909; n&#7919;. V&#224; c&#225;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch g&#7897;p cho th&#7845;y: so v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#432;a t&#7915;ng cho b&#250;, ph&#7909; n&#7919; c&#243; cho con b&#250;, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t khi t&#7893;ng th&#7901;i gian d&#224;i h&#417;n, c&#243; &#237;t nguy c&#417; ung th&#432; v&#250;, ung th&#432; bu&#7891;ng tr&#7913;ng h&#417;n, v&#224; nguy c&#417; m&#7897;t s&#7889; b&#7879;nh chuy&#7875;n h&#243;a nh&#432; ti&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng type 2 c&#361;ng th&#7845;p h&#417;n. &#272;&#7871;n &#273;&#226;y, m&#236;nh s&#7921;c nh&#7899; t&#234;n c&#259;n b&#7879;nh &#8216;nun&#8217;s disease&#8217; m&#224; l&#7847;n &#273;&#7847;u m&#236;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7855;c &#273;&#7871;n khi h&#7885;c Y t&#225;. <a href="https://www.tepasbreastcenter.com/2019/09/18/florida-today-why-breast-cancer-was-called-nuns-disease/">Nun&#8217;s disease</a> (c&#259;n b&#7879;nh c&#7911;a n&#7919; tu) ch&#237;nh l&#224; <span>thu&#7853;t ng&#7919; l&#7883;ch s&#7917; trong y khoa d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; ch&#7881; </span><strong><span>ung th&#432; v&#250;</span></strong><span> (breast cancer).</span> C&#225;c n&#7919; tu l&#224; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#244;ng k&#7871;t h&#244;n, kh&#244;ng sinh con v&#224; kh&#244;ng cho con b&#250;. M&#7897;t s&#7889; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#242;n ghi nh&#7853;n li&#234;n quan thu&#7853;n l&#7907;i v&#7899;i y&#7871;u t&#7889; nguy c&#417; tim m&#7841;ch. </p><p>C&#225;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch nh&#7855;c &#273;&#7871;n &#7903; tr&#234;n nh&#7845;n m&#7841;nh r&#7857;ng: &#8220;c&#224;ng cho b&#250; l&#226;u, nguy c&#417; trung b&#236;nh c&#224;ng gi&#7843;m&#8221; &#7903; c&#7845;p &#273;&#7897; d&#226;n s&#7889; ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#7901;i &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o c&#225; nh&#226;n r&#7857;ng c&#7913; cho b&#250; l&#226;u l&#224; &#8220;ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n&#8221; kh&#244;ng b&#7879;nh.</p><p>Cho con b&#250; l&#224; m&#7897;t trong nhi&#7873;u y&#7871;u t&#7889; b&#7843;o v&#7879;, k&#7871;t h&#7907;p v&#7899;i di truy&#7873;n, l&#7889;i s&#7889;ng, &#259;n u&#7889;ng, v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng. V&#237; d&#7909;, n&#7871;u n&#243;i cho con b&#250; gi&#250;p m&#7865; ti&#234;u hao n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng, h&#7895; tr&#7907; gi&#7843;m c&#226;n; th&#236; &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; m&#7865; c&#7913; &#259;n u&#7889;ng th&#7843; ga r&#7891;i cho con b&#250; v&#7899;i hi v&#7885;ng l&#224; m&#236;nh s&#7869; tr&#7903; v&#7873; s&#7889; c&#226;n n&#7863;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c khi sinh con m&#224; kh&#244;ng k&#7871;t h&#7907;p v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n ho&#7863;c v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng h&#7907;p l&#253;. V&#236; v&#7853;y, h&#227;y n&#243;i cho &#273;&#250;ng: &#8220;cho con b&#250; l&#226;u h&#417;n c&#243; th&#7875; g&#243;p ph&#7847;n gi&#7843;m nguy c&#417; m&#7897;t s&#7889; b&#7879;nh&#8221; ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i m&#244; t&#7843; n&#243; nh&#432; m&#7897;t c&#225;i c&#7847;n g&#7841;t &#273;&#7875; &#8220;ch&#7889;ng l&#227;o h&#243;a&#8221; hay &#8220;b&#7843;o hi&#7875;m tim m&#7841;ch tr&#7885;n &#273;&#7901;i&#8221;.</p><p><strong>3&#65039;. Chuy&#7879;n &#272;&#258;NG H&#204;NH tr&#7867; l&#7899;n b&#250; m&#7865;.</strong></p><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; ch&#7895; m&#236;nh mu&#7889;n n&#243;i th&#7859;ng: kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i m&#7885;i th&#7913; l&#224;nh m&#7841;nh trong kh&#244;ng gian ri&#234;ng t&#432; &#273;&#7873;u ph&#249; h&#7907;p &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;a l&#234;n m&#7841;ng. Nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#7851;n cho r&#7857;ng &#8220;&#7910;a, Facebook c&#7911;a tui, tui mu&#7889;n &#273;&#259;ng g&#236; tui &#273;&#259;ng!&#8221; &#272;&#250;ng v&#7853;y, chia s&#7867; nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u m&#224; b&#7841;n cho l&#224; th&#250; v&#7883; trong cu&#7897;c s&#7889;ng l&#224; quy&#7873;n c&#7911;a b&#7841;n, nh&#432;ng m&#236;nh mong ph&#7909; huynh h&#227;y c&#226;n nh&#7855;c khi nh&#7919;ng h&#236;nh &#7843;nh &#273;&#243; c&#243; li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n con c&#225;i c&#7911;a m&#236;nh.</p><p>V&#236; sao? T&#7915; kho&#7843;ng 5 tu&#7893;i, tr&#7867; &#273;&#227; c&#243; danh t&#237;nh x&#227; h&#7897;i. Con c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7883; b&#7841;n b&#232; ho&#7863;c th&#7853;m ch&#237; c&#7843; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7841; tr&#234;u ch&#7885;c, b&#7855;t n&#7841;t khi h&#236;nh &#7843;nh b&#7883; chia s&#7867; l&#7841;i kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t v&#7899;i nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c v&#224; quan &#273;i&#7875;m s&#7889; &#273;&#244;ng. M&#224; &#7903; tu&#7893;i n&#224;y, con ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; n&#259;ng l&#7921;c &#273;&#7875; hi&#7875;u h&#7871;t h&#7879; qu&#7843; l&#226;u d&#224;i c&#7911;a m&#7897;t b&#7913;c &#7843;nh ri&#234;ng t&#432; &#273;&#227; l&#234;n Internet - n&#417;i g&#7847;n nh&#432; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; x&#243;a s&#7841;ch.</p><p>M&#7863;c d&#249; m&#236;nh &#7911;ng h&#7897; quy&#7873;n c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; nu&#244;i con s&#7919;a m&#7865; d&#224;i l&#226;u n&#7871;u ph&#249; h&#7907;p, m&#236;nh r&#7845;t mong ph&#7909; huynh h&#227;y c&#226;n nh&#7855;c vi&#7879;c &#273;&#259;ng c&#244;ng khai h&#236;nh &#7843;nh tr&#7867; l&#7899;n b&#250; m&#7865;, nh&#7845;t l&#224; khi g&#432;&#417;ng m&#7863;t, c&#417; th&#7875;, hay d&#7919; li&#7879;u nh&#7853;n di&#7879;n c&#7911;a con kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c che ch&#7855;n. Con c&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7865; th&#244;ng b&#225;o v&#224; xin ph&#233;p tr&#432;&#7899;c khi chia s&#7867; h&#236;nh &#7843;nh c&#7911;a m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng? V&#224; m&#236;nh xin h&#7887;i: nh&#7919;ng m&#7865; l&#7905; &#273;&#259;ng h&#236;nh &#7843;nh con l&#7899;n cho con b&#250; v&#224; nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nhi&#7873;u &#253; ki&#7871;n tr&#225;i chi&#7873;u - th&#7853;m ch&#237; l&#224; ch&#7881; tr&#237;ch - c&#243; c&#242;n c&#7843;m th&#7845;y tho&#7843;i m&#225;i khi ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c chia s&#7867; nh&#7919;ng h&#236;nh &#7843;nh t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; kh&#244;ng?</p><p>L&#250;c n&#224;y, quy&#7873;n t&#7921; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i c&#417; th&#7875; v&#224; h&#236;nh &#7843;nh c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#226;n b&#7857;ng v&#7899;i quy&#7873;n c&#7911;a &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867;: quy&#7873;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c an to&#224;n, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#244;n tr&#7885;ng nh&#226;n ph&#7849;m, v&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7921; quy&#7871;t v&#7873; d&#7845;u v&#7871;t s&#7889; c&#7911;a ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh trong t&#432;&#417;ng lai.</p><p>Nu&#244;i con s&#7919;a m&#7865; d&#224;i l&#226;u, k&#7875; c&#7843; khi con &#273;&#227; l&#7899;n h&#417;n chu&#7849;n x&#227; h&#7897;i quen thu&#7897;c, c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n ho&#224;n to&#224;n b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7911;a h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n, N&#7870;U &#272;&#7862;T TRONG M&#7896;T M&#7888;I QUAN H&#7878; G&#7854;N B&#211; AN TO&#192;N, T&#212;N TR&#7884;NG RANH GI&#7898;I C&#7910;A TR&#7866; V&#192; PH&#217; H&#7906;P V&#7898;I V&#258;N H&#211;A GIA &#272;&#204;NH (m&#236;nh vi&#7871;t hoa v&#236; &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y quan tr&#7885;ng).</p><p>&#272;i&#7873;u x&#227; h&#7897;i c&#7847;n l&#224;m t&#7889;t h&#417;n l&#224; h&#7885;c c&#225;ch nh&#236;n c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n n&#224;y b&#7857;ng con m&#7855;t khoa h&#7885;c v&#224; s&#7921; t&#244;n tr&#7885;ng. B&#7903;i l&#7869; &#273;&#7857;ng sau m&#7895;i l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n nu&#244;i con &#273;&#7873;u c&#243; m&#7897;t c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n n&#224;o &#273;&#243; c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883; v&#224; &#253; ngh&#297;a cho ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865;, &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; v&#224; gia &#273;&#236;nh c&#7911;a h&#7885;.</p><p>&#272;i&#7873;u c&#225;c m&#7865; c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m: b&#7843;o v&#7879; quy&#7873;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#250; m&#7865; v&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c y&#234;u th&#432;&#417;ng c&#7911;a con, v&#224; t&#7881;nh t&#225;o &#273;&#7863;t ranh gi&#7899;i v&#7899;i th&#7871; gi&#7899;i m&#7841;ng &#273;&#7875; gi&#7919; tr&#7885;n quy&#7873;n ri&#234;ng t&#432; v&#224; ph&#7849;m gi&#225; cho con m&#236;nh.</p><p></p><p>T&#192;I LI&#7878;U THAM KH&#7842;O:</p><p>1. <a href="https://www.who.int/tools/elena/commentary/continued-breastfeeding">World Health Organization (WHO). Continued breastfeeding for healthy growth and development of children.</a></p><p>2. <a href="https://www.who.int/health-topics/breastfeeding">World Health Organization (WHO). Breastfeeding.</a></p><p>3. <a href="https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/150/1/e2022057989/188348/Policy-Statement-Breastfeeding-and-the-Use-of">American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Technical Report: Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk. Pediatrics, 2022.</a></p><p>4. <a href="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/Pages/Where-We-Stand-Breastfeeding.aspx">HealthyChildren.org (AAP). Breastfeeding: AAP Policy Explained.</a></p><p>5. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18310164/">Kramer MS, et al. Effects of Prolonged and Exclusive Breastfeeding on Child Behavior and Maternal Adjustment.</a></p><p>6. <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/camh.12224">de Mola CL, et al. Prolonged breastfeeding for 24 months or more and mental health at 6 years.</a></p><p>7. <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022347609010361">Horta BL, et al. The Long-Term Effects of Breastfeeding on Child and Adolescent Mental Health.</a></p><p>8. <a href="https://www.health-e-learning.com/articles/A_Natural_Age_of_Weaning.pdf">Dettwyler KA. A Time to Wean: The Hominid Blueprint for the Natural Age of Weaning in Modern Human Populations. In: Stuart-Macadam P, Dettwyler KA, eds. Breastfeeding: Biocultural Perspectives. Aldine de Gruyter; 1995:39-73.</a></p><p>9. <a href="https://www.lllc.ca/what-age-do-babies-wean">La Leche League Canada. At what age do babies wean?</a></p><p>10. <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1651419/full">Frontiers in Nutrition. The effects of breastfeeding duration on children&#8217;s behavior problems.</a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe"><span>&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Sữa mẹ dài lâu – Quyền năng sinh học bị hiểu lầm]]></title><description><![CDATA[Th&#7881;nh tho&#7843;ng m&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i l&#7841;i &#8220;d&#7853;y s&#243;ng&#8221; v&#236; m&#7897;t ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; quen thu&#7897;c: M&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; cho con b&#250; d&#224;i l&#226;u, ch&#7909;p h&#236;nh &#273;&#259;ng &#7903; trang c&#225; nh&#226;n, v&#224; ph&#7847;n b&#236;nh lu&#7853;n th&#236; &#273;&#7911; c&#7843;: &#8220;kinh t&#7903;m&#8221;, &#8220;khoe khoang&#8221;, &#8220;ph&#7843;n c&#7843;m&#8221;, &#8220;&#273;&#7847;u c&#243; &#273;i&#7879;n&#8221;&#8230; Th&#7853;t &#273;&#225;ng bu&#7891;n l&#224; m&#7897;t s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224; chuy&#234;n gia y t&#7871; c&#361;ng copy m&#224;n h&#236;nh &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#259;ng l&#7841;i k&#232;m theo nh&#7919;ng d&#242;ng b&#236;nh lu&#7853;n nh&#432; v&#7853;y.]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/sua-me-dai-lau-quyen-nang-sinh-hoc</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/sua-me-dai-lau-quyen-nang-sinh-hoc</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 2026 07:12:38 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KdVy!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4292af88-c2ff-4703-b74f-79626025a38f_2048x2048.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KdVy!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4292af88-c2ff-4703-b74f-79626025a38f_2048x2048.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KdVy!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4292af88-c2ff-4703-b74f-79626025a38f_2048x2048.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KdVy!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4292af88-c2ff-4703-b74f-79626025a38f_2048x2048.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KdVy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4292af88-c2ff-4703-b74f-79626025a38f_2048x2048.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KdVy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4292af88-c2ff-4703-b74f-79626025a38f_2048x2048.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KdVy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4292af88-c2ff-4703-b74f-79626025a38f_2048x2048.jpeg" width="1456" height="1456" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KdVy!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4292af88-c2ff-4703-b74f-79626025a38f_2048x2048.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KdVy!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4292af88-c2ff-4703-b74f-79626025a38f_2048x2048.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KdVy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4292af88-c2ff-4703-b74f-79626025a38f_2048x2048.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KdVy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4292af88-c2ff-4703-b74f-79626025a38f_2048x2048.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>Th&#7881;nh tho&#7843;ng m&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i l&#7841;i &#8220;d&#7853;y s&#243;ng&#8221; v&#236; m&#7897;t ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; quen thu&#7897;c: M&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; cho con b&#250; d&#224;i l&#226;u, ch&#7909;p h&#236;nh &#273;&#259;ng &#7903; trang c&#225; nh&#226;n, v&#224; ph&#7847;n b&#236;nh lu&#7853;n th&#236; &#273;&#7911; c&#7843;: &#8220;kinh t&#7903;m&#8221;, &#8220;khoe khoang&#8221;, &#8220;ph&#7843;n c&#7843;m&#8221;, &#8220;&#273;&#7847;u c&#243; &#273;i&#7879;n&#8221;&#8230; Th&#7853;t &#273;&#225;ng bu&#7891;n l&#224; m&#7897;t s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224; chuy&#234;n gia y t&#7871; c&#361;ng copy m&#224;n h&#236;nh &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#259;ng l&#7841;i k&#232;m theo nh&#7919;ng d&#242;ng b&#236;nh lu&#7853;n nh&#432; v&#7853;y.</p><p>L&#224; m&#7897;t Chuy&#234;n gia T&#432; v&#7845;n S&#7919;a m&#7865; Qu&#7889;c t&#7871; (IBCLC), h&#244;m nay m&#236;nh l&#234;n ti&#7871;ng, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7875; tranh lu&#7853;n v&#7899;i ai, m&#224; &#273;&#7875; n&#243;i r&#245; khoa h&#7885;c th&#7853;t s&#7921; n&#243;i g&#236; v&#7873; vi&#7879;c b&#250; m&#7865; d&#224;i l&#226;u. Chuy&#7879;n cho con b&#250; bao l&#226;u, suy cho c&#249;ng, v&#7851;n l&#224; quy&#7873;n t&#7921; quy&#7871;t c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i c&#417; th&#7875; m&#236;nh.</p><p><strong>1. B&#250; m&#7865; sau 1 tu&#7893;i l&#224; b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng v&#7873; m&#7863;t t&#7921; nhi&#234;n v&#224; y khoa.</strong></p><p>WHO v&#224; Hi&#7879;p h&#7897;i Nhi khoa Hoa K&#7923; khuy&#7871;n ngh&#7883;: b&#250; m&#7865; ho&#224;n to&#224;n 6 th&#225;ng &#273;&#7847;u, sau &#273;&#243; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c b&#250; m&#7865; k&#232;m &#259;n d&#7863;m &#273;&#7871;n 2 tu&#7893;i ho&#7863;c l&#226;u h&#417;n, mi&#7877;n l&#224; c&#7843; m&#7865; v&#224; con &#273;&#7873;u mu&#7889;n. T&#7913;c l&#224; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c cho b&#250; sau sinh nh&#7853;t &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng, th&#7853;m ch&#237; n&#243; c&#242;n n&#7857;m ngay trong khuy&#7871;n ngh&#7883; ch&#237;nh th&#7913;c. Nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7847;m t&#432;&#7903;ng l&#224; WHO khuy&#7871;n ngh&#7883; b&#250; m&#7865; &#273;&#7871;n 2 tu&#7893;i th&#244;i, nh&#432;ng th&#7853;t ra 2 tu&#7893;i l&#7841;i l&#224; &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i &#8216;t&#7889;i thi&#7875;u&#8217; ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#8216;t&#7889;i &#273;a&#8217;. <a href="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/infant-and-young-child-feeding">Nguy&#234;n v&#259;n</a> khuy&#7871;n ngh&#7883; c&#7911;a WHO l&#224; &#8220;Nearly 400 000 deaths amongst children under 5 years of age could be prevented every year if all infants were exclusively breastfed for the first six months and continued breastfeeding up to two years or beyond.&#8221; (<em>M&#7895;i n&#259;m c&#243; th&#7875; ng&#259;n ng&#7915;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7847;n 400.000 ca t&#7917; vong &#7903; tr&#7867; em d&#432;&#7899;i 5 tu&#7893;i n&#7871;u t&#7845;t c&#7843; tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#250; m&#7865; ho&#224;n to&#224;n trong s&#225;u th&#225;ng &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#7901;i v&#224; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c b&#250; m&#7865; &#273;&#7871;n hai tu&#7893;i ho&#7863;c h&#417;n.</em>)</p><p>Nh&#224; nh&#226;n h&#7885;c Katherine Dettwyler (&#272;&#7841;i h&#7885;c Delaware) &#273;&#227; so s&#225;nh con ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#7899;i c&#225;c lo&#224;i linh tr&#432;&#7903;ng kh&#225;c d&#7921;a tr&#234;n nhi&#7873;u c&#7897;t m&#7889;c sinh h&#7885;c, c&#7909; th&#7875; l&#224; th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m c&#226;n n&#7863;ng &#273;&#7841;t g&#7845;p 4 l&#7847;n l&#250;c sinh (kho&#7843;ng 2,5 &#273;&#7871;n 3,5 tu&#7893;i), t&#7881; l&#7879; th&#7901;i gian b&#250; so v&#7899;i th&#7901;i gian mang thai &#7903; linh tr&#432;&#7903;ng c&#7905; l&#7899;n (kho&#7843;ng 4,5 tu&#7893;i &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i), v&#224; th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m m&#7885;c r&#259;ng h&#224;m v&#297;nh vi&#7877;n &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n c&#249;ng l&#250;c h&#7879; mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch tr&#7867; ho&#224;n thi&#7879;n (kho&#7843;ng 5,5 &#273;&#7871;n 7 tu&#7893;i). D&#7921;a tr&#234;n nh&#7919;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u thu th&#7853;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c, b&#224; &#432;&#7899;c t&#237;nh &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i th&#244;i s&#7919;a t&#7921; nhi&#234;n &#7903; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224; v&#224;o kho&#7843;ng 2,5 &#273;&#7871;n 7 tu&#7893;i. Quan s&#225;t th&#7921;c t&#7871; &#7903; nh&#7919;ng c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng kh&#244;ng g&#226;y &#225;p l&#7921;c cai s&#7919;a s&#7899;m c&#361;ng cho th&#7845;y tr&#7867; th&#432;&#7901;ng t&#7921; th&#244;i s&#7919;a trong kho&#7843;ng 3 &#273;&#7871;n 4 tu&#7893;i. V&#236; v&#7853;y, b&#250; m&#7865; sau 1 tu&#7893;i kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng v&#7873; m&#7863;t y khoa, m&#224; c&#242;n n&#7857;m trong &#273;&#250;ng quy lu&#7853;t sinh h&#7885;c t&#7921; nhi&#234;n c&#7911;a lo&#224;i ng&#432;&#7901;i.</p><p><strong>2. V&#7853;y s&#7919;a m&#7865; sau 1 tu&#7893;i c&#243; &#8220;m&#7845;t ch&#7845;t&#8221; kh&#244;ng?</strong></p><p>C&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#7873; th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n s&#7919;a trong n&#259;m th&#7913; hai cho th&#7845;y: s&#7919;a m&#7865; v&#7851;n cung c&#7845;p n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng, ch&#7845;t b&#233;o v&#224; protein. M&#7897;t s&#7889; th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch nh&#432; protein t&#7893;ng, lactoferrin, lysozyme, IgA c&#243; th&#7875; &#7903; m&#7913;c t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i cao, trong khi m&#7897;t s&#7889; kho&#225;ng ch&#7845;t nh&#432; k&#7869;m, canxi gi&#7843;m d&#7847;n v&#236; nhu c&#7847;u c&#7911;a b&#233; thay &#273;&#7893;i. N&#243;i c&#225;ch kh&#225;c, s&#7919;a m&#7865; v&#7851;n ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c l&#224; m&#7897;t d&#7883;ch sinh h&#7885;c s&#7889;ng, th&#237;ch &#7913;ng theo &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i v&#224; kh&#7849;u ph&#7847;n &#259;n b&#7893; sung c&#7911;a tr&#7867;. S&#7919;a m&#7865; v&#7851;n lu&#244;n c&#243; c&#225;c ch&#7845;t c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t cho tr&#7867;, n&#243; ch&#7881; &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh t&#7881; l&#7879; c&#225;c th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n cho ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i c&#225;c m&#7889;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#7911;a tr&#7867; m&#224; th&#244;i.</p><p><strong>3. V&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865;, c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n c&#242;n d&#224;i h&#417;n con s&#7889; c&#226;n n&#7863;ng hay v&#224;i th&#225;ng sau sinh.</strong></p><p>&#272;&#226;y m&#7899;i l&#224; ph&#7847;n &#237;t ng&#432;&#7901;i nh&#7855;c &#273;&#7871;n.</p><p>Nh&#7919;ng t&#7893;ng quan h&#7879; th&#7889;ng v&#224; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u l&#7899;n cho th&#7845;y: t&#7893;ng th&#7901;i gian cho con b&#250; c&#224;ng d&#224;i th&#236; c&#224;ng li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c gi&#7843;m nguy c&#417; m&#7897;t s&#7889; b&#7879;nh m&#7841;n t&#237;nh &#7903; m&#7865; nh&#432; ung th&#432; v&#250;, ung th&#432; bu&#7891;ng tr&#7913;ng, ti&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng type 2 v&#224; m&#7897;t s&#7889; y&#7871;u t&#7889; nguy c&#417; tim m&#7841;ch v&#7873; sau n&#224;y. Ch&#7881; c&#243; &#273;i&#7873;u, nh&#7919;ng l&#7907;i &#237;ch n&#224;y m&#227;i &#273;&#7871;n h&#417;n c&#7843; ch&#7909;c n&#259;m sau m&#7899;i c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7845;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</p><p><strong>L&#432;u &#253;:</strong> &#273;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7889;i li&#234;n quan d&#7883;ch t&#7877;, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#8220;c&#7913; cho b&#250; l&#224; mi&#7877;n nhi&#7877;m b&#7879;nh t&#7853;t&#8221; nh&#432; m&#7897;t s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i . Nh&#432;ng xu h&#432;&#7899;ng l&#7907;i &#237;ch t&#237;ch l&#361;y theo th&#7901;i gian cho b&#250; th&#236; kh&#225; nh&#7845;t qu&#225;n. Cho con b&#250; c&#361;ng &#8220;&#273;&#7889;t&#8221; th&#234;m v&#224;i tr&#259;m kcal m&#7895;i ng&#224;y (t&#249;y theo c&#417; &#273;&#7883;a m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i), nh&#432;ng xin nh&#7845;n m&#7841;nh: nu&#244;i con s&#7919;a m&#7865; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; b&#7843;o hi&#7875;m s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e tr&#7885;n &#273;&#7901;i.</p><p><strong>T&#243;m l&#7841;i:</strong> N&#7871;u m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; c&#243; &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n v&#224; mong mu&#7889;n cho con b&#250; d&#224;i l&#226;u, &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; c&#243; l&#7907;i cho c&#7843; m&#7865; l&#7851;n con. N&#243;i c&#225;ch kh&#225;c, cho con b&#250; d&#224;i l&#226;u l&#224; m&#7897;t h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh sinh h&#7885;c b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;c t&#7893; ch&#7913;c y khoa l&#7899;n tr&#234;n th&#7871; gi&#7899;i th&#7915;a nh&#7853;n v&#224; khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch khi ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i t&#7915;ng gia &#273;&#236;nh. M&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; mu&#7889;n cho con b&#250; bao l&#226;u, b&#7843;o v&#7879; h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh &#273;&#243; th&#7871; n&#224;o, ch&#237;nh l&#224; quy&#7873;n t&#7921; quy&#7871;t cao nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i c&#417; th&#7875; c&#7911;a c&#244; &#7845;y. Vi&#7879;c c&#244; &#7845;y l&#432;u gi&#7919; m&#7897;t b&#7913;c &#7843;nh &#273;&#7865;p v&#7873; h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh n&#224;y l&#224; quy&#7873;n t&#7921; do l&#224;m k&#7927; ni&#7879;m v&#224; lan t&#7887;a n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#237;ch c&#7921;c. C&#417; th&#7875; c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7909; n&#7919; sau sinh kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#244;ng c&#7909; c&#7911;a &#273;&#7883;nh ki&#7871;n x&#227; h&#7897;i, m&#224; l&#224; m&#7897;t ch&#7911; th&#7875; &#273;ang t&#7921; v&#7853;n h&#224;nh chu tr&#236;nh nu&#244;i d&#432;&#7905;ng v&#224; g&#243;p ph&#7847;n t&#7921; b&#7843;o v&#7879; s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e c&#7911;a ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh kh&#7887;i nguy c&#417; ung th&#432; v&#224; c&#225;c b&#7879;nh v&#7873; chuy&#7875;n h&#243;a. Cho con b&#250; d&#224;i l&#226;u l&#224; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n c&#225; nh&#226;n, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; ti&#234;u chu&#7849;n &#273;&#7875; khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch t&#7845;t c&#7843; m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224;m theo. V&#236; v&#7853;y, c&#224;ng kh&#244;ng n&#234;n &#273;em chuy&#7879;n cho con b&#250; d&#224;i l&#226;u l&#224;m chu&#7849;n m&#7921;c &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; n&#259;ng l&#7921;c c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865;.</p><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n, m&#236;nh quan s&#225;t th&#7845;y r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang b&#259;n kho&#259;n &#7903; m&#7897;t ch&#7895; kh&#225;c:</p><p>&#8220;N&#7871;u em b&#233; 1&#8211;2 tu&#7893;i b&#250; m&#7865; l&#224; b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng v&#7873; m&#7863;t khoa h&#7885;c (v&#224; t&#7921; nhi&#234;n), v&#7853;y nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; 4-5, th&#7853;m ch&#237; h&#417;n 7 tu&#7893;i v&#7851;n b&#250; m&#7865; th&#236; sao? Khi m&#7865; c&#7911;a b&#233; &#273;&#432;a &#7843;nh cho con b&#250; l&#234;n m&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i, c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n c&#243; c&#242;n &#273;&#417;n thu&#7847;n l&#224; sinh h&#7885;c, hay &#273;&#227; ch&#7841;m sang v&#249;ng nh&#7841;y c&#7843;m v&#7873; t&#226;m l&#253; v&#224; quy&#7873;n ri&#234;ng t&#432; c&#7911;a &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867;?&#8221;</p><p>&#272;&#226;y ch&#237;nh l&#224; ranh gi&#7899;i m&#7887;ng manh gi&#7919;a m&#7897;t h&#224;nh vi sinh h&#7885;c b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224; c&#225;ch x&#227; h&#7897;i nh&#236;n, s&#7917; d&#7909;ng, ho&#7863;c ph&#225;n x&#233;t h&#224;nh vi &#273;&#243;. &#7902; b&#224;i ti&#7871;p theo, m&#236;nh s&#7869; &#273;i th&#7859;ng v&#224;o &#8220;v&#249;ng c&#7845;m&#8221; n&#224;y: b&#233; l&#7899;n b&#250; m&#7865; nh&#236;n d&#432;&#7899;i g&#243;c &#273;&#7897; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n t&#226;m l&#253;, v&#259;n h&#243;a, v&#224; &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; quy&#7873;n ri&#234;ng t&#432; c&#7911;a &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867;.</p><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n quan t&#226;m, m&#7901;i b&#7841;n &#273;&#7885;c ti&#7871;p <a href="https://www.webcuame.com/p/tre-5-6-tuoi-hoac-tham-chi-lon-hon">ph&#7847;n 2</a> nh&#233;.</p><p>T&#192;I LI&#7878;U THAM KH&#7842;O</p><ol><li><p><a href="https://www.who.int/tools/elena/commentary/continued-breastfeeding">World Health Organization (WHO). Continued breastfeeding for healthy growth and development of children.</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.who.int/health-topics/breastfeeding">World Health Organization (WHO). Breastfeeding.</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/150/1/e2022057989/188348/Policy-Statement-Breastfeeding-and-the-Use-of">American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Technical Report: Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk. Pediatrics, 2022.</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.aap.org/en/patient-care/newborn-infant-and-early-childhood-nutrition/newborn-and-infant-breastfeeding/">AAP. Breastfeeding.</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/Pages/Where-We-Stand-Breastfeeding.aspx">HealthyChildren.org (AAP). Breastfeeding: AAP Policy Explained.</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.breastfeeding.asn.au/resources/breastfeeding-toddler">Australian Breastfeeding Association. Breastfeeding your toddler.</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/breastfeeding-deciding-when-to-stop">Better Health Channel (Victoria). Breastfeeding &#8211; deciding when to stop.</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26776058/">Perrin MT, Fogleman AD, Newburg DS, Allen JC. A longitudinal study of human milk composition in the second year postpartum: implications for human milk banking. Matern Child Nutr. 2017.</a></p></li><li><p>PMC. <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6866067/">A longitudinal study of human milk composition in the second year postpartum: implications for human milk banking</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.breastfeeding.asn.au/resources/breastmilk-composition">Australian Breastfeeding Association. Breastmilk composition &#8211; what&#8217;s in human milk?</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4670483/">Chowdhury R, Sinha B, Sankar MJ, et al. Breastfeeding and maternal health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Paediatr.</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.bcrf.org/about-breast-cancer/breastfeeding-breast-cancer-risk/">Breast Cancer Research Foundation. Breastfeeding and Breast Cancer Risk.</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24998548/">Breastfeeding and Ovarian Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.health-e-learning.com/articles/A_Natural_Age_of_Weaning.pdf">Dettwyler KA. A Time to Wean: The Hominid Blueprint for the Natural Age of Weaning in Modern Human Populations. In: Stuart-Macadam P, Dettwyler KA, eds. Breastfeeding: Biocultural Perspectives. Aldine de Gruyter; 1995:39-73.</a></p></li></ol><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe"><span>&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Khi việc nuôi con biến thành cuộc sát hạch đạo đức đối với người mẹ]]></title><description><![CDATA[C&#243; khi n&#224;o b&#7841;n l&#432;&#7899;t m&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i, th&#7845;y m&#7897;t b&#224;i vi&#7871;t v&#7873; nu&#244;i con, v&#224; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi k&#7883;p &#273;&#7885;c h&#7871;t &#273;&#227; th&#7845;y h&#224;ng ch&#7909;c b&#236;nh lu&#7853;n ch&#234; tr&#225;ch hay c&#244;ng k&#237;ch ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; trong &#273;&#243; ch&#432;a?]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/khi-nuoi-con-la-cuoc-sat-hach-dao-duc</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/khi-nuoi-con-la-cuoc-sat-hach-dao-duc</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 29 Aug 2026 12:30:18 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ljXh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa48314a1-0481-4a09-ab18-eaf101529158_2048x2048.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ljXh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa48314a1-0481-4a09-ab18-eaf101529158_2048x2048.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p><em><span>C&#243; khi n&#224;o b&#7841;n l&#432;&#7899;t m&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i, th&#7845;y m&#7897;t b&#224;i vi&#7871;t v&#7873; nu&#244;i con, v&#224; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi k&#7883;p &#273;&#7885;c h&#7871;t &#273;&#227; th&#7845;y h&#224;ng ch&#7909;c b&#236;nh lu&#7853;n ch&#234; tr&#225;ch hay c&#244;ng k&#237;ch ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; trong &#273;&#243; ch&#432;a? R&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u b&#236;nh lu&#7853;n trong s&#7889; &#273;&#243; l&#7841;i &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; kh&#225;c! B&#224;i n&#224;y m&#236;nh th&#7917; l&#253; gi&#7843;i v&#236; sao chuy&#7879;n nu&#244;i con l&#7841;i d&#7877; bi&#7871;n th&#224;nh m&#7897;t cu&#7897;c s&#225;t h&#7841;ch &#273;&#7841;o &#273;&#7913;c nh&#7855;m ri&#234;ng v&#224;o ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865;, v&#224; ch&#250;ng ta c&#243; th&#7875; thay &#273;&#7893;i g&#243;c nh&#236;n nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o.</span></em></p><p><span>H&#7891;i m&#236;nh m&#7899;i c&#243; R&#417;m, c&#225;c n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng m&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i v&#7873; nu&#244;i d&#7841;y con kh&#244;ng s&#244;i n&#7893;i nh&#432; b&#226;y gi&#7901;. T&#7915; nh&#243;m k&#237;n c&#7911;a c&#225;c b&#224; m&#7865; &#273;&#7871;n c&#225;c trang t&#432; v&#7845;n c&#225;ch nu&#244;i d&#7841;y con, video ng&#7855;n v&#224; n&#7897;i dung c&#7911;a c&#225;c &#8220;chuy&#234;n gia&#8221; t&#7921; x&#432;ng, n&#7871;u x&#233;t v&#7873; s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng th&#224;nh vi&#234;n, m&#236;nh th&#7845;y &#273;a s&#7889; l&#224; c&#225;c b&#224; m&#7865; (v&#224; m&#236;nh c&#361;ng l&#224; m&#7897;t trong s&#7889; &#273;&#243;)! Ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n tranh c&#227;i, ch&#7881; tr&#237;ch v&#224; m&#7841;t s&#225;t xoay quanh chuy&#7879;n nu&#244;i con th&#432;&#7901;ng nh&#7855;m v&#224;o ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n l&#224; v&#224;o ng&#432;&#7901;i cha hay v&#224;o c&#7843; hai ph&#7909; huynh nh&#432; m&#7897;t &#273;&#417;n v&#7883; ch&#259;m s&#243;c. C&#226;u h&#7887;i l&#224;: V&#236; sao trong m&#7897;t ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7869; ra thu&#7897;c v&#7873; tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m chung c&#7911;a gia &#273;&#236;nh, ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7909; n&#7919; l&#7841;i tr&#7903; th&#224;nh &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng ch&#237;nh c&#7911;a s&#7921; c&#244;ng k&#237;ch v&#224; ph&#225;n x&#233;t?</span></p><p><span>&#272;&#226;y kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ch&#7881; l&#224; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; &#8220;to&#224;n c&#225;c b&#224; r&#7843;nh r&#7895;i sinh n&#244;ng n&#7893;i&#8221;, m&#224; ph&#7843;n &#225;nh m&#7897;t c&#7845;u tr&#250;c x&#227; h&#7897;i quy tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m ch&#259;m s&#243;c cho ph&#7909; n&#7919;, &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i c&#7911;ng c&#7889; v&#259;n h&#243;a mother blaming (v&#259;n h&#243;a &#273;&#7893; l&#7895;i cho ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865;) r&#7845;t ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n trong &#273;&#7901;i s&#7889;ng h&#7857;ng ng&#224;y.</span></p><p><strong><span>Kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m &#8220;mother blaming&#8221; v&#224; g&#225;nh n&#7863;ng tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m</span></strong></p><p><span>&#8220;Mother blaming&#8221; l&#224; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng &#273;&#7893; l&#7895;i ho&#7863;c quy tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m ch&#237;nh cho ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; khi con c&#225;i c&#243; v&#7845;n v&#7873; s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e, h&#224;nh vi, h&#7885;c t&#7853;p ho&#7863;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n, k&#7875; c&#7843; trong nh&#7919;ng tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p c&#243; nhi&#7873;u y&#7871;u t&#7889; kh&#225;c li&#234;n quan nh&#432; ho&#224;n c&#7843;nh kinh t&#7871;, c&#7845;u tr&#250;c gia &#273;&#236;nh, ch&#237;nh s&#225;ch x&#227; h&#7897;i hay &#273;&#243;ng g&#243;p c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i cha. </span>Trong nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#7911;a Jackson v&#224; Mannix (2004), c&#225;c b&#224; m&#7865; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#7887;ng v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873;u cho r&#7857;ng h&#7847;u nh&#432; h&#7885; &#273;&#7873;u t&#7915;ng c&#7843;m th&#7845;y m&#236;nh &#273;ang g&#225;nh m&#7897;t tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m v&#432;&#7907;t qu&#225; s&#7913;c m&#236;nh, v&#236; m&#7885;i chuy&#7879;n c&#7911;a con cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng &#273;&#7873;u &#8220;t&#7841;i m&#7865;&#8221; m&#224; ra c&#7843;!</p><p>Ngu&#7891;n: Jackson &amp; Mannix, 2004, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15265225/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15265225/</a></p><p><span>Trong c&#225;c t&#224;i li&#7879;u chuy&#234;n m&#244;n su&#7889;t th&#7871; k&#7927; 20, ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; th&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7883; &#273;&#243;ng khung l&#224; ngu&#7891;n c&#417;n, &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i c&#361;ng l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7843;i ch&#7883;u tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t m&#7885;i r&#7855;c r&#7889;i &#7903; tr&#7867;. V&#237; d&#7909;: con nh&#250;t nh&#225;t l&#224; t&#7841;i m&#7865; &#244;m &#7845;p nhi&#7873;u qu&#225;, con bi&#7871;ng &#259;n l&#224; t&#7841;i m&#7865; kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t nu&#244;i. D&#226;n gian c&#243; c&#226;u &#8216;Con h&#432; t&#7841;i m&#7865;, ch&#225;u h&#432; t&#7841;i m&#224;&#8217; m&#224; &#237;t c&#243; c&#226;u n&#224;o g&#7855;n li&#7873;n tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m n&#224;y v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; &#8216;tr&#7909; c&#7897;t&#8217; trong nh&#224;, t&#7913;c l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#224;n &#244;ng/ch&#7891;ng/cha. V&#236; th&#7871;, m</span>&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i ch&#7881; l&#224; n&#417;i khu&#7871;ch &#273;&#7841;i m&#7897;t &#273;&#7883;nh ki&#7871;n v&#7889;n &#273;&#227; t&#7891;n t&#7841;i t&#7915; r&#7845;t l&#226;u m&#7897;t c&#225;ch nhanh ch&#243;ng h&#417;n th&#244;i.</p><p>Ngu&#7891;n: van Daalen, 2023, <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11060937/">https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11060937/</a></p><p><strong><span>Ai l&#224;m nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#243; &#8216;b&#7883; n&#243;i nhi&#7873;u&#8217;</span></strong></p><p>C&#243; m&#7897;t l&#253; do r&#7845;t th&#7921;c t&#7871; khi&#7871;n ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; hay b&#7883; nh&#7855;m t&#7899;i h&#417;n ng&#432;&#7901;i cha: trong ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n gia &#273;&#236;nh, m&#7865; v&#7851;n l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224;m nhi&#7873;u vi&#7879;c ch&#259;m con h&#417;n. Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p c&#7911;a Pinquart v&#224; S&#246;rensen (2006) cho th&#7845;y ph&#7909; n&#7919; &#273;&#7843;m nh&#7853;n ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c ch&#259;m s&#243;c, &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i ch&#7883;u m&#7913;c c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng v&#224; ki&#7879;t s&#7913;c cao h&#417;n nam gi&#7899;i r&#245; r&#7879;t. Khi b&#7841;n l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224;m nhi&#7873;u nh&#7845;t, b&#7841;n c&#361;ng d&#7877; b&#7883; xem l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#7883;u tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m ch&#237;nh n&#7871;u c&#243; g&#236; kh&#244;ng &#7893;n.</p><p>Ngu&#7891;n: Pinquart &amp; S&#246;rensen, 2006, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4804270/</p><p>C&#243; m&#7897;t kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m kh&#225;c c&#361;ng li&#234;n quan, g&#7885;i l&#224; <em>maternal gatekeeping</em>, l&#224; hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; gi&#7919; vai tr&#242; trung t&#226;m trong vi&#7879;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh, ph&#226;n c&#244;ng, th&#7853;m ch&#237; ki&#7875;m so&#225;t c&#225;ch ng&#432;&#7901;i cha tham gia ch&#259;m con. H&#7885; l&#224;m nh&#432; v&#7853;y l&#224; xu&#7845;t ph&#225;t t&#7915; mong mu&#7889;n t&#7889;t, mu&#7889;n b&#7843;o v&#7879; con v&#224; gi&#7919; m&#7885;i th&#7913; &#273;&#250;ng &#8216;tr&#7853;t t&#7921;&#8217;, nh&#432;ng n&#243; c&#361;ng g&#243;p ph&#7847;n x&#225;c nh&#7853;n &#8220;m&#7865; th&#236; ph&#7843;i bi&#7871;t h&#7871;t&#8221;. V&#224; m&#7897;t khi tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m &#273;&#227; m&#7863;c &#273;&#7883;nh thu&#7897;c v&#7873; m&#7865;, l&#7901;i ph&#225;n x&#233;t c&#361;ng m&#7863;c &#273;&#7883;nh nh&#7855;m v&#224;o m&#7865; tr&#432;&#7899;c ti&#234;n.</p><p><strong><span>M&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i v&#224; c&#225;i khu&#244;n &#8216;ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; t&#7889;t&#8217;</span></strong></p><p><span>M&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; n&#417;i chia s&#7867; th&#244;ng tin, m&#224; c&#242;n l&#224; kh&#244;ng gian t&#225;i s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t v&#224; khu&#7871;ch &#273;&#7841;i chu&#7849;n m&#7921;c &#8220;ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; t&#7889;t&#8221;. </span>Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#7911;a Schulz v&#224; Heyer (2022) ch&#7881; ra ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n n&#7897;i dung, website, &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng v&#7873; nu&#244;i con hi&#7879;n nay &#273;&#7873;u ng&#7847;m &#273;&#7883;nh ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c l&#224; m&#7865;, ng&#432;&#7901;i thu th&#7853;p th&#244;ng tin, ng&#432;&#7901;i truy&#7873;n &#273;&#7841;t l&#7841;i cho c&#7843; nh&#224;. &#272;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243; khi&#7871;n c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng c&#225;c b&#224; m&#7865; tr&#234;n m&#7841;ng v&#7915;a &#273;&#244;ng &#273;&#7843;o, s&#244;i n&#7893;i, v&#7915;a l&#224; nh&#243;m d&#7877; b&#7883; soi x&#233;t nh&#7845;t.</p><p>Ngu&#7891;n: Schulz &amp; Heyer, 2022, <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/01634437221119020">https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/01634437221119020</a></p><p><span>Khi m&#7897;t kinh nghi&#7879;m nu&#244;i con &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#259;ng l&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i d&#7841;ng &#8220;b&#237; k&#237;p&#8221; hay &#8220;tuy&#7879;t chi&#234;u&#8221; m&#224; kh&#244;ng k&#232;m theo ho&#224;n c&#7843;nh c&#7909; th&#7875;, n&#243; d&#7877; t&#7841;o c&#7843;m gi&#225;c &#273;&#243; l&#224; &#8216;ch&#226;n l&#253;&#8217;. M&#224; thu&#7853;t to&#225;n th&#236; lu&#244;n &#432;u &#225;i n&#7897;i dung g&#226;y tranh c&#227;i h&#417;n l&#224; nh&#7919;ng chia s&#7867; th&#7853;n tr&#7885;ng v&#224; &#273;a chi&#7873;u. H&#7877; c&#7913; nhi&#7873;u l&#432;&#7907;t shares, nhi&#7873;u b&#236;nh lu&#7853;n, nhi&#7873;u tranh c&#227;i th&#236; b&#224;i &#273;&#259;ng s&#7869; th&#224;nh viral. </span></p><p><strong><span>Tranh c&#227;i nu&#244;i con: &#273;&#226;u ch&#7881; l&#224; chuy&#7879;n ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p hay quan &#273;i&#7875;m</span></strong></p><p><span>&#272;i&#7873;u &#273;&#225;ng ch&#250; &#253; l&#224; kh&#244;ng &#237;t tranh c&#227;i n&#7843;y l&#7917;a tr&#234;n m&#7841;ng v&#7873; nu&#244;i con kh&#244;ng d&#7915;ng l&#7841;i &#7903; m&#7913;c kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t k&#7929; thu&#7853;t (v&#237; d&#7909; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p &#259;n d&#7863;m hay th&#7901;i gian k&#233;o d&#224;i b&#250; m&#7865;), m&#224; chuy&#7875;n sang &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; n&#259;ng l&#7921;c c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865;. Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch n&#7897;i dung cho th&#7845;y &#8220;c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng m&#7841;ng&#8221; th&#432;&#7901;ng d&#249;ng ng&#244;n ng&#7919; c&#244;ng k&#237;ch c&#225; nh&#226;n: &#8220;&#237;ch k&#7927;&#8221;, &#8220;ngu d&#7889;t&#8221;, &#8220;m&#249; qu&#225;ng&#8221;,  &#8220;b&#7879;nh ho&#7841;n&#8221;, h&#417;n l&#224; t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n v&#224; b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh ch&#259;m s&#243;c tr&#7867;.</span></p><p><span>N&#243;i c&#225;ch kh&#225;c, vi&#7879;c nu&#244;i con &#273;ang b&#7883; &#273;&#7841;o &#273;&#7913;c ho&#225; qu&#225; m&#7913;c. M&#7895;i l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n ch&#259;m s&#243;c con b&#7895;ng tr&#7903; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t b&#7843;n tuy&#234;n b&#7889; v&#7873; vi&#7879;c b&#7841;n c&#243; ph&#7843;i l&#224; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; t&#7889;t hay kh&#244;ng. M&#7897;t khi x&#227; h&#7897;i &#273;&#227; m&#7863;c &#273;&#7883;nh ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#7883;u tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m ch&#237;nh, h&#7885; c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;&#417;ng nhi&#234;n l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; &#273;&#432;a ra &#8220;s&#225;t h&#7841;ch&#8221; nhi&#7873;u nh&#7845;t.</span></p><p><strong><span>V&#7853;y c&#243; l&#7889;i ra n&#224;o kh&#244;ng?</span></strong></p><p><span>C&#225;c chuy&#234;n gia t&#226;m l&#253; v&#224; gi&#225;o d&#7909;c m&#224; m&#236;nh c&#243; d&#7883;p &#273;&#7885;c qua &#273;&#7873;u nh&#7845;n m&#7841;nh m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u: kh&#244;ng c&#243; c&#244;ng th&#7913;c nu&#244;i con n&#224;o &#273;&#250;ng cho m&#7885;i gia &#273;&#236;nh. M&#7895;i l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#236;n trong ho&#224;n c&#7843;nh c&#7909; th&#7875; c&#7911;a &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; v&#224; c&#7911;a gia &#273;&#236;nh &#273;&#243;, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#273;em so v&#7899;i m&#7897;t ti&#234;u chu&#7849;n r&#7891;i v&#7897;i k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n ai &#273;&#250;ng ai sai. Ngay c&#7843; m&#7897;t ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; t&#432;&#7903;ng ch&#7915;ng &#273;&#227; c&#243; &#8220;&#273;&#225;p &#225;n&#8221; nh&#432; cho con b&#250; &#273;&#7871;n m&#7845;y tu&#7893;i, chuy&#234;n gia trong n&#432;&#7899;c g&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y v&#7851;n ph&#7843;i nh&#7855;c l&#7841;i: &#273;&#7915;ng &#225;p m&#7897;t chu&#7849;n cho m&#7885;i &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867;.</span></p><p><span>Ngu&#7891;n: Soha, 2026, </span><a href="https://soha.vn/ro-tranh-cai-chuyen-cho-con-bu-den-5-tuoi-chuyen-gia-nhan-manh-khong-nen-ap-mot-chuan-cho-moi-dua-tre-198260619125320398.htm"><span>https://soha.vn/ro-tranh-cai-chuyen-cho-con-bu-den-5-tuoi-chuyen-gia-nhan-manh-khong-nen-ap-mot-chuan-cho-moi-dua-tre-198260619125320398.htm</span></a></p><p><span>V&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng ph&#226;n t&#237;ch tr&#234;n, m&#236;nh cho r&#7857;ng ch&#250;ng ta n&#234;n chuy&#7875;n d&#7847;n t&#7915; &#8220;v&#259;n ho&#225; &#273;&#7893; l&#7895;i cho m&#7865;&#8221; sang &#8220;v&#259;n ho&#225; chia s&#7867; tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m&#8221;, b&#7903;i v&#236; nu&#244;i con l&#224; vi&#7879;c c&#7911;a c&#7843; m&#7897;t h&#7879; sinh th&#225;i: cha m&#7865;, &#244;ng b&#224;, h&#7879; th&#7889;ng y t&#7871;, gi&#225;o d&#7909;c, ch&#237;nh s&#225;ch x&#227; h&#7897;i, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i c&#7911;a m&#7897;t m&#236;nh m&#7865;. Tr&#234;n m&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i, &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243; c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; b&#7899;t ph&#225;n x&#233;t c&#225; nh&#226;n l&#7841;i, v&#224; b&#224;n nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n v&#7873; vi&#7879;c gia &#273;&#236;nh &#273;&#243; &#273;ang thi&#7871;u g&#236;, c&#7847;n h&#7895; tr&#7907; g&#236;. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n b&#7855;t g&#7863;p m&#7897;t chia s&#7867; nu&#244;i con tr&#225;i v&#7899;i ti&#234;u chu&#7849;n c&#7911;a m&#236;nh, n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng th&#7875; chia s&#7867; c&#225;ch nh&#236;n v&#7899;i tinh th&#7847;n x&#226;y d&#7921;ng, th&#236; t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t h&#227;y &#8230;im l&#7863;ng.</span></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VDmD!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab02d2de-fc91-461d-b161-8c802195552f_2048x2048.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VDmD!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab02d2de-fc91-461d-b161-8c802195552f_2048x2048.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VDmD!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab02d2de-fc91-461d-b161-8c802195552f_2048x2048.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VDmD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab02d2de-fc91-461d-b161-8c802195552f_2048x2048.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VDmD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab02d2de-fc91-461d-b161-8c802195552f_2048x2048.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VDmD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab02d2de-fc91-461d-b161-8c802195552f_2048x2048.jpeg" width="1456" height="1456" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VDmD!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab02d2de-fc91-461d-b161-8c802195552f_2048x2048.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VDmD!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab02d2de-fc91-461d-b161-8c802195552f_2048x2048.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VDmD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab02d2de-fc91-461d-b161-8c802195552f_2048x2048.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VDmD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab02d2de-fc91-461d-b161-8c802195552f_2048x2048.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong><span>H&#227;y thay &#273;&#7893;i c&#225;ch &#273;&#7863;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i</span></strong></p><p>C&#243; l&#7869; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7871;n l&#250;c ch&#250;ng ta c&#7847;n thay &#273;&#7893;i c&#225;ch &#273;&#7863;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i, t&#7915; &#8220;sao m&#7845;y b&#224; m&#7865; &#273;&#7909;ng chuy&#7879;n l&#224; c&#227;i&#8221;, sang &#8220;t&#7841;i sao x&#227; h&#7897;i hay ph&#225;n x&#233;t ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865;?&#8221; N&#7871;u m&#7897;t ng&#224;y n&#224;o &#273;&#243; b&#7841;n l&#7905; &#273;&#7885;c ph&#7843;i m&#7897;t b&#236;nh lu&#7853;n &#225;c &#253; v&#7873; c&#225;ch m&#236;nh nu&#244;i con, m&#236;nh mong b&#7841;n nh&#7899;: &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i m&#7897;t b&#224;i ki&#7875;m tra b&#7841;n c&#7847;n v&#432;&#7907;t qua &#273;&#7875; ch&#7913;ng minh m&#236;nh l&#224; m&#7865; t&#7889;t. B&#7841;n kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n s&#225;t h&#7841;ch ai h&#7871;t, k&#7875; c&#7843; ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe"><span>&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Nằm sấp (Tummy time) - bài vận động quan trọng cho trẻ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Ng&#224;y x&#432;a m&#7895;i l&#7847;n &#273;&#432;a R&#417;m &#273;i kh&#225;m &#273;&#7883;nh k&#7923;, c&#225;c c&#244; y t&#225; &#273;&#7873;u h&#7887;i m&#236;nh c&#243; cho con t&#7853;p n&#7857;m s&#7845;p (tummy time) ch&#432;a.]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/nam-sap-tummy-time-bai-van-ong-quan</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/nam-sap-tummy-time-bai-van-ong-quan</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 25 Aug 2026 02:19:29 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-7Tc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88e54e75-4092-40fa-b943-69808c686786_2048x2048.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-7Tc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88e54e75-4092-40fa-b943-69808c686786_2048x2048.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-7Tc!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88e54e75-4092-40fa-b943-69808c686786_2048x2048.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-7Tc!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88e54e75-4092-40fa-b943-69808c686786_2048x2048.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-7Tc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88e54e75-4092-40fa-b943-69808c686786_2048x2048.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-7Tc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88e54e75-4092-40fa-b943-69808c686786_2048x2048.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-7Tc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88e54e75-4092-40fa-b943-69808c686786_2048x2048.jpeg" width="1456" height="1456" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-7Tc!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88e54e75-4092-40fa-b943-69808c686786_2048x2048.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-7Tc!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88e54e75-4092-40fa-b943-69808c686786_2048x2048.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-7Tc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88e54e75-4092-40fa-b943-69808c686786_2048x2048.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-7Tc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F88e54e75-4092-40fa-b943-69808c686786_2048x2048.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p><span>Ng&#224;y x&#432;a m&#7895;i l&#7847;n &#273;&#432;a R&#417;m &#273;i kh&#225;m &#273;&#7883;nh k&#7923;, c&#225;c c&#244; y t&#225; &#273;&#7873;u h&#7887;i m&#236;nh c&#243; cho con t&#7853;p n&#7857;m s&#7845;p (tummy time) ch&#432;a. L&#250;c &#273;&#243; m&#236;nh ch&#7881; ngh&#297; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n l&#224; t&#7853;p n&#7857;m s&#7845;p gi&#250;p con c&#7913;ng c&#7893;. Sau n&#224;y t&#236;m hi&#7875;u th&#234;m, m&#236;nh th&#7845;y nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#242;n tin r&#7857;ng tummy time gi&#250;p b&#233; b&#250; m&#7865; t&#7889;t h&#417;n. M&#224; th&#7853;t ra ch&#237;nh b&#7843;n th&#226;n m&#236;nh c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;c c&#244; khuy&#234;n n&#234;n t&#7853;p cho con n&#7857;m s&#7845;p s&#7899;m. V&#7853;y th&#7921;c h&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o? B&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y chia s&#7867; nh&#7919;ng g&#236; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u ch&#7913;ng minh, v&#224; nh&#7919;ng g&#236; v&#7851;n c&#242;n l&#224; gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t ch&#432;a ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n.</span></p><h3><span>Tummy time t&#7889;t cho c&#417; c&#7893;, vai v&#224; tay c&#7911;a b&#233;</span></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AgMM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F925fe015-c0b2-416a-b01d-f4d92020c07b_2048x2048.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p><span>Khi n&#7857;m s&#7845;p, b&#233; ph&#7843;i d&#249;ng nhi&#7873;u nh&#243;m c&#417; &#7903; c&#7893;, vai v&#224; th&#226;n m&#236;nh &#273;&#7875; n&#226;ng &#273;&#7847;u, xoay &#273;&#7847;u v&#224; ch&#7889;ng tay. &#272;&#226;y ch&#237;nh l&#224; l&#253; do tummy time &#273;&#432;&#7907;c xem l&#224; m&#7897;t b&#224;i t&#7853;p v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng quan tr&#7885;ng cho tr&#7867; nh&#7887;. G&#7885;i l&#224; &#8216;n&#7857;m s&#7845;p&#8217; nh&#432;ng th&#7853;t ra l&#224; v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng &#7903; t&#432; th&#7871; n&#7857;m s&#7845;p ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#8216;n&#7857;m im ru&#8217; &#273;&#226;u nghen.</span></p><p><span>Theo NIH Safe to Sleep (M&#7929;), tummy time n&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n khi b&#233; t&#7881;nh t&#225;o v&#224; c&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n tr&#244;ng ch&#7915;ng (n&#243;i chung kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; c&#243; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng n&#7857;m s&#7845;p m&#224; t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#225;c ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng kh&#225;c c&#7911;a tr&#7867; th&#236; l&#250;c n&#224;o c&#361;ng c&#7847;n c&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n). Ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng n&#224;y gi&#250;p c&#417; c&#7893;, vai, tay c&#7911;a b&#233; kh&#7887;e h&#417;n, h&#7895; tr&#7907; b&#233; n&#226;ng &#273;&#7847;u, l&#259;n, b&#242;, v&#224; c&#242;n gi&#250;p ch&#7889;ng ch&#7913;ng &#273;&#7847;u b&#7865;p.</span></p><p><em><span>Ngu&#7891;n: NIH Safe to Sleep, </span></em><a href="https://safetosleep.nichd.nih.gov/reduce-risk/tummy-time"><span>https://safetosleep.nichd.nih.gov/reduce-risk/tummy-time</span></a></p><p><span>M&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#7911;a &#272;&#7841;i h&#7885;c Melbourne cho th&#7845;y tummy time ch&#7911; y&#7871;u gi&#250;p nh&#243;m c&#417; ph&#237;a sau c&#7893; (nh&#243;m c&#417; gi&#7919; &#273;&#7847;u th&#7859;ng) ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng. Tuy nhi&#234;n, &#273;&#7875; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#226;n &#273;&#7889;i v&#224; to&#224;n di&#7879;n th&#236; b&#233; c&#7847;n th&#234;m nhi&#7873;u ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng kh&#225;c n&#7919;a ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; n&#7857;m s&#7845;p.</span></p><p><em><span>Ngu&#7891;n: University of Melbourne, </span></em><a href="https://findanexpert.unimelb.edu.au/news/2602-babies-need-more-than-tummy-time-to-strengthen-necks-and-prevent-flat-heads"><span>https://findanexpert.unimelb.edu.au/news/2602-babies-need-more-than-tummy-time-to-strengthen-necks-and-prevent-flat-heads</span></a></p><p><span>C&#242;n vi&#7879;c b&#250; m&#7865; th&#236; sao? &#272;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t qu&#225; tr&#236;nh ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p h&#417;n nhi&#7873;u, kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; d&#249;ng m&#244;i v&#224; l&#432;&#7905;i m&#224; c&#242;n c&#7847;n s&#7921; ph&#7889;i h&#7907;p c&#7911;a h&#224;m, c&#7893; h&#7885;ng v&#224; c&#7843; nh&#7883;p th&#7903;. V&#236; v&#7853;y, &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i b&#233; b&#250; tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p th&#236; m&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng d&#249;ng t&#7915; &#8216;th&#7907; b&#250;&#8217; v&#236; &#8216;th&#7907;&#8217; th&#236; ph&#7843;i &#8216;lao &#273;&#7897;ng&#8217; m&#7899;i l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c vi&#7879;c (b&#250; m&#7865;). &#272;&#7875; l&#224;m &#8216;&#273;&#432;&#7907;c vi&#7879;c&#8217; th&#236; th&#7907; ph&#7843;i &#8216;si&#234;ng&#8217;!</span></p><h3><span>L&#432;&#7905;i v&#224; c&#225;c c&#417; v&#249;ng c&#7893; h&#7885;ng c&#243; li&#234;n quan g&#236; &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c b&#250; m&#7865;?</span></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lo1b!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86582d0d-379e-475b-bb46-3a379555e4d4_2048x2048.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lo1b!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86582d0d-379e-475b-bb46-3a379555e4d4_2048x2048.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lo1b!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86582d0d-379e-475b-bb46-3a379555e4d4_2048x2048.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lo1b!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86582d0d-379e-475b-bb46-3a379555e4d4_2048x2048.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lo1b!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86582d0d-379e-475b-bb46-3a379555e4d4_2048x2048.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lo1b!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86582d0d-379e-475b-bb46-3a379555e4d4_2048x2048.jpeg" width="1456" height="1456" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/86582d0d-379e-475b-bb46-3a379555e4d4_2048x2048.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1456,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:730427,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/i/212549013?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86582d0d-379e-475b-bb46-3a379555e4d4_2048x2048.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lo1b!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86582d0d-379e-475b-bb46-3a379555e4d4_2048x2048.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lo1b!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86582d0d-379e-475b-bb46-3a379555e4d4_2048x2048.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lo1b!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86582d0d-379e-475b-bb46-3a379555e4d4_2048x2048.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lo1b!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86582d0d-379e-475b-bb46-3a379555e4d4_2048x2048.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p><span>C&#243; m&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u t&#236;m hi&#7875;u c&#225;c c&#417; quanh x&#432;&#417;ng m&#243;ng (m&#7897;t x&#432;&#417;ng nh&#7887; &#7903; v&#249;ng c&#7893;, ngay d&#432;&#7899;i c&#7857;m, n&#417;i nhi&#7873;u c&#417; c&#7911;a l&#432;&#7905;i v&#224; h&#224;m b&#225;m v&#224;o) ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng th&#7871; n&#224;o khi b&#250; v&#224; nu&#7889;t (th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n tr&#234;n l&#7907;n con). K&#7871;t qu&#7843; cho th&#7845;y m&#7895;i c&#417; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng kh&#225;c nhau t&#249;y l&#250;c b&#233; &#273;ang b&#250; hay &#273;ang nu&#7889;t, v&#224; t&#249;y &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i.</span></p><p><em><span>Ngu&#7891;n: Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#417; v&#249;ng x&#432;&#417;ng m&#243;ng (PMC), </span></em><a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7944089/"><span>https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7944089/</span></a></p><p><span>Tuy nhi&#234;n, &#273;&#226;y l&#224; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n tr&#234;n &#273;&#7897;ng v&#7853;t, v&#224; kh&#244;ng xem x&#233;t &#273;&#7871;n tummy time. V&#236; v&#7853;y, cho &#273;&#7871; nay v&#7851;n ch&#432;a c&#243; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng cho th&#7845;y n&#7857;m s&#7845;p gi&#250;p c&#225;c c&#417; n&#224;y ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7889;t h&#417;n, hay gi&#250;p b&#233; b&#250; d&#7877; d&#224;ng, &#237;t &#273;au h&#417;n. &#272;&#226;y v&#7851;n ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7897;t gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t, ch&#432;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7913;ng minh.</span></p><p><span>B&#7889;n c&#417; th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7855;c t&#7899;i quanh x&#432;&#417;ng m&#243;ng l&#224;:</span></p><ul><li><p><span>Genioglossus (c&#417; c&#7857;m l&#432;&#7905;i): &#273;&#7849;y l&#432;&#7905;i ra tr&#432;&#7899;c, c&#417; n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c ng&#7853;m v&#250;, nh&#432;ng ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng &#273;&#7875; n&#243;i m&#7897;t c&#225;ch ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n l&#224; &#8220;h&#7877; c&#417; y&#7871;u l&#224; b&#233; ng&#7853;m n&#244;ng&#8221; (t&#7913;c l&#224; ch&#7881; ng&#7853;m n&#250;m v&#250;, ho&#7863;c m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n n&#250;m v&#250; ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ch&#7841;m t&#7899;i qu&#7847;ng v&#250; ho&#7863;c r&#7845;t &#237;t qu&#7847;ng v&#250;).</span></p></li><li><p><span>Geniohyoid (c&#417; c&#7857;m m&#243;ng): gi&#250;p h&#7841; h&#224;m v&#224; k&#233;o x&#432;&#417;ng m&#243;ng, g&#243;p ph&#7847;n v&#224;o &#273;&#7897;ng t&#225;c b&#250;, nh&#432;ng b&#233; b&#250; k&#233;m kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; do c&#417; y&#7871;u m&#224; c&#242;n c&#7847;n &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; to&#224;n di&#7879;n &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n g&#7889;c r&#7877;.</span></p></li><li><p><span>Mylohyoid (c&#417; h&#224;m m&#243;ng): n&#226;ng s&#224;n mi&#7879;ng, h&#7895; tr&#7907; nu&#7889;t. Hi&#7879;n ch&#432;a c&#243; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng cho th&#7845;y khi&#7871;m khuy&#7871;t c&#417; n&#224;y tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p g&#226;y s&#7863;c s&#7919;a.</span></p></li><li><p><span>Digastric (c&#417; hai th&#226;n): ph&#7889;i h&#7907;p v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng h&#224;m khi b&#250; v&#224; nu&#7889;t. Vi&#7879;c &#273;au n&#250;m v&#250; th&#432;&#7901;ng do nhi&#7873;u y&#7871;u t&#7889; (t&#432; th&#7871;, kh&#7899;p ng&#7853;m, c&#7845;u tr&#250;c gi&#7843;i ph&#7851;u).</span></p></li></ul><p><span>C&#225;c c&#417; n&#224;y ph&#7889;i h&#7907;p v&#7899;i nhau ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng ri&#234;ng l&#7867;. V&#236; v&#7853;y, khi b&#233; b&#250; kh&#243; ho&#7863;c m&#7865; b&#7883; &#273;au, th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; do nhi&#7873;u y&#7871;u t&#7889; c&#249;ng l&#250;c, ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; t&#432; th&#7871;, kh&#7899;p ng&#7853;m, c&#225;ch ph&#7889;i h&#7907;p b&#250;&#8211;nu&#7889;t&#8211;th&#7903; ch&#7913; hi&#7871;m khi ch&#7881; do m&#7897;t c&#417;. Nhi&#7873;u m&#7865; n&#243;i r&#7857;ng &#8216;con em kh&#244;ng ch&#7883;u b&#250; m&#7865;&#8217; nh&#432;ng th&#7853;t ra l&#224; con g&#7863;p kh&#243; kh&#259;n khi b&#250; m&#7865; &#273;&#7845;y.</span></p><p><em><span>Ngu&#7891;n: Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#417; v&#249;ng x&#432;&#417;ng m&#243;ng (PMC), </span></em><a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7944089/"><span>https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7944089/</span></a></p><p><span>Khi b&#250;, l&#432;&#7905;i b&#233; &#273;&#432;a ra tr&#432;&#7899;c, &#244;m l&#7845;y n&#250;m v&#250; v&#224; qu&#7847;ng v&#250;, c&#242;n h&#224;m v&#224; l&#432;&#7905;i ph&#7889;i h&#7907;p t&#7841;o l&#7921;c h&#250;t &#273;&#7875; l&#7845;y s&#7919;a.</span></p><p><em><span>Ngu&#7891;n: ASHA - Pediatric Feeding and Swallowing, </span></em><a href="https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/pediatric-feeding-and-swallowing/"><span>https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/pediatric-feeding-and-swallowing/</span></a></p><p><span>N&#7871;u m&#7865; b&#7883; &#273;au n&#250;m v&#250;, nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n th&#432;&#7901;ng kh&#244;ng &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n ch&#7881; do &#8220;l&#432;&#7905;i y&#7871;u&#8221; m&#224; c&#242;n t&#7915; c&#225;c v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; kh&#225;c n&#7919;a. C&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u h&#236;nh &#7843;nh (si&#234;u &#226;m, MRI) ch&#432;a ch&#7913;ng minh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t l&#432;&#7905;i c&#7885; x&#225;t hay k&#7865;p n&#250;m v&#250; g&#226;y &#273;au. &#272;au n&#250;m v&#250; th&#432;&#7901;ng li&#234;n quan nhi&#7873;u &#273;&#7871;n t&#432; th&#7871; v&#224; kh&#7899;p ng&#7853;m h&#417;n.</span></p><p><em><span>Ngu&#7891;n: T&#7893;ng quan v&#7873; &#273;au n&#250;m v&#250; khi cho con b&#250; (PMC), </span></em><a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8966064/"><span>https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8966064/</span></a></p><p><span>N&#7871;u th&#7845;y b&#233; kh&#244;ng ng&#7853;m v&#250; t&#7889;t, b&#250; l&#226;u nh&#432;ng &#237;t s&#7919;a, ho ho&#7863;c s&#7863;c khi b&#250;, th&#7903; b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng, t&#259;ng c&#226;n ch&#7853;m, ho&#7863;c m&#7865; &#273;au k&#233;o d&#224;i th&#236; n&#234;n &#273;i kh&#225;m ho&#7863;c g&#7863;p chuy&#234;n gia t&#432; v&#7845;n s&#7919;a m&#7865; (IBCLC) s&#7899;m, thay v&#236; t&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n. C&#7843; hai m&#7865; con c&#7847;n c&#243; s&#7921; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; to&#224;n di&#7879;n v&#224; &#273;&#432;a ra h&#432;&#7899;ng can thi&#7879;p ho&#7863;c h&#7895; tr&#7907; ph&#249; h&#7907;p.</span></p><h3>Khi n&#224;o n&#234;n b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#7853;p n&#7857;m s&#7845;p cho con?</h3><p><span>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u cho con t&#7853;p n&#7857;m s&#7845;p ngay t&#7915; khi b&#233; m&#7899;i sinh, th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; t&#7915; ng&#224;y &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n b&#233; v&#7873; nh&#224; t&#7915; b&#7879;nh vi&#7879;n, v&#7899;i &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n l&#224; b&#233; kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh v&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#243; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; y t&#7871; c&#7847;n h&#7841;n ch&#7871; v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng. Vi&#7879;c t&#7853;p n&#7857;m s&#7845;p kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i k&#233;o d&#224;i ngay t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u v&#7899;i th&#7901;i gian r&#7845;t ng&#7855;n, c&#243; khi ch&#7881; c&#7847;n 30 gi&#226;y t&#249;y theo t&#236;nh h&#236;nh b&#233; c&#243; h&#7907;p t&#225;c hay kh&#244;ng.</span></p><h3>Th&#7901;i gian v&#224; t&#7847;n su&#7845;t t&#7853;p th&#7871; n&#224;o?</h3><ul><li><p><span>T&#7915; khi sinh ra: B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u v&#7899;i 1-2 ph&#250;t, 2-3 l&#7847;n m&#7895;i ng&#224;y</span></p></li></ul><p><span>Ngu&#7891;n:</span></p><p><span>Royal Children&#8217;s Hospital (B&#7879;nh vi&#7879;n Nhi &#273;&#7891;ng Ho&#224;ng gia), </span><a href="https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Tummy_time_for_your_baby"><span>https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Tummy_time_for_your_baby</span></a></p><p><span>H&#227;y ng&#432;ng khi con c&#243; d&#7845;u hi&#7879;u kh&#243; ch&#7883;u nh&#233;.</span></p><ul><li><p><span>T&#7915; 2 th&#225;ng tr&#7903; &#273;i: N&#234;n t&#259;ng th&#7901;i gian n&#7857;m s&#7845;p l&#234;n kho&#7843;ng 10-15 ph&#250;t m&#7895;i l&#7847;n v&#224; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n trong ng&#224;y</span></p></li></ul><p><span>Ngu&#7891;n:</span></p><p><span>Pregnancy, Birth and Baby, </span><a href="https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/tummy-time"><span>https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/tummy-time</span></a></p><p><span>Raising Children Network, </span><a href="https://raisingchildren.net.au/newborns/play-learning/play-ideas/tummy-time"><span>https://raisingchildren.net.au/newborns/play-learning/play-ideas/tummy-time</span></a></p><ul><li><p><span>T&#7915; 6 th&#225;ng tr&#7903; &#273;i: Khi b&#233; &#273;&#227; m&#7841;nh h&#417;n, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7853;p cho b&#233; n&#7857;m s&#7845;p l&#234;n &#273;&#7871;n 30 ph&#250;t m&#7895;i ng&#224;y, v&#224; &#273;&#244;i khi b&#233; s&#7869; t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng d&#249;ng th&#7901;i gian n&#7857;m s&#7845;p &#273;&#7875; h&#7885;c b&#242; v&#224; l&#259;n (n&#243;i ch&#7913; khi m&#7845;y &#7867;m b&#242; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#7891;i l&#224; coi nh&#432; kh&#7887;i t&#7853;p lu&#244;n, ngh&#297;a l&#224; ba m&#7865; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7853;p cho con n&#7919;a m&#224; con s&#7869; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#7921; kh&#225;m ph&#225; r&#7891;i)</span></p></li></ul><p><span>Ngu&#7891;n:</span></p><p><span>Royal Children&#8217;s Hospital, </span><a href="https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Tummy_time_for_your_baby"><span>https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Tummy_time_for_your_baby</span></a></p><h3>Nh&#7919;ng g&#7907;i &#253; gi&#250;p b&#233; th&#237;ch th&#250; h&#417;n khi t&#7853;p n&#7857;m s&#7845;p</h3><ul><li><p><span>S&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#225;c m&#243;n &#273;&#7891; ch&#417;i nhi&#7873;u m&#224;u s&#7855;c ho&#7863;c g&#432;&#417;ng soi (lo&#7841;i kh&#244;ng v&#7905; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c) &#273;&#7875; b&#233; nh&#236;n v&#224;o trong khi t&#7853;p</span></p></li></ul><p><span>Ngu&#7891;n:</span></p><p><span>Pregnancy, Birth and Baby, </span><a href="https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/tummy-time"><span>https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/tummy-time</span></a></p><ul><li><p><span>&#272;&#7863;t b&#233; n&#7857;m s&#7845;p tr&#234;n ng&#7921;c m&#7865; &#273;&#7875; t&#259;ng c&#7843;m gi&#225;c an to&#224;n cho b&#233;, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; v&#7899;i b&#233; m&#7899;i sinh (M&#236;nh sinh Ren khi v&#7851;n c&#242;n l&#7841;nh n&#234;n m&#236;nh d&#249;ng c&#225;ch n&#224;y, &#7845;m &#225;p c&#7843; m&#7865; l&#7851;n con!)</span></p></li></ul><p><span>Ngu&#7891;n: Baby Info, </span><a href="https://www.babyinfo.com.au/newborn/parenting/tummy-time-for-babies"><span>https://www.babyinfo.com.au/newborn/parenting/tummy-time-for-babies</span></a></p><p><span>Ngo&#224;i ra, n&#7871;u b&#233; c&#243; c&#225;c v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; nh&#432; tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c d&#7841; d&#224;y, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; cho b&#233; t&#7853;p tr&#432;&#7899;c khi b&#250; &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;m c&#7843;m gi&#225;c t&#7913;c b&#7909;ng ho&#7863;c kh&#243; ch&#7883;u khi n&#7857;m s&#7845;p.</span></p><h3><span>T&#243;m l&#7841;i: &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236; &#273;&#227; r&#245;, &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236; c&#242;n l&#224; gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t?</span></h3><p><span>Tummy time ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n t&#7889;t cho b&#233; v&#236; gi&#250;p c&#417; c&#7893;, vai, tay kh&#7887;e h&#417;n, h&#7895; tr&#7907; b&#233; n&#226;ng &#273;&#7847;u, l&#259;n, b&#242;. C&#242;n vi&#7879;c b&#250; m&#7865; l&#224; m&#7897;t qu&#225; tr&#236;nh ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p, c&#243; s&#7921; tham gia c&#7911;a l&#432;&#7905;i, h&#224;m v&#224; nhi&#7873;u c&#417; v&#249;ng c&#7893; h&#7885;ng. Tuy nhi&#234;n, hi&#7879;n ch&#432;a c&#243; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng r&#245; r&#224;ng &#273;&#7875; n&#243;i r&#7857;ng tummy time gi&#250;p b&#233; b&#250; m&#7865; t&#7889;t h&#417;n hay gi&#7843;m &#273;au n&#250;m v&#250; cho m&#7865;. &#272;&#226;y v&#7851;n l&#224; m&#7897;t gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t, ch&#432;a ph&#7843;i &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7913;ng minh. N&#7871;u b&#233; b&#250; kh&#243; ho&#7863;c m&#7865; &#273;au k&#233;o d&#224;i, t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t n&#234;n nh&#7901; chuy&#234;n gia &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p.</span></p><p><span>(Nh&#7855;c nh&#7887; n&#232;: &#272;&#243; l&#224; t&#7853;p cho con th&#244;i nghen, c&#242;n c&#225;c m&#7865; s&#7919;a giai &#273;o&#7841;n &#273;&#7847;u mu&#7889;n t&#7853;p n&#7857;m s&#7845;p v&#7899;i con &#8216;cho dzui&#8217; th&#236; nh&#7899; l&#7845;y c&#225;i g&#7889;i n&#224;o m&#7873;m m&#7873;m l&#243;t b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i k&#7867;o hai c&#225;i b&#7847;u s&#7919;a b&#7883; &#225;p l&#7921;c d&#7919; l&#7855;m, nh&#7845;t l&#224; &#273;ang c&#259;ng s&#7919;a th&#236; xin can nha!)</span></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe"><span>&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Mình sắp mở một khóa học!]]></title><description><![CDATA[T&#243;m t&#7855;t: Sau m&#7897;t th&#7901;i gian d&#224;i v&#7855;ng b&#243;ng tr&#234;n trang, h&#244;m nay m&#236;nh quay l&#7841;i &#273;&#7875; k&#7875; m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;ang &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#7845;p &#7911;: m&#7897;t kh&#243;a h&#7885;c v&#7873; s&#7919;a m&#7865;, &#273;&#250;c k&#7871;t t&#7915; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u bu&#7893;i t&#432; v&#7845;n th&#7921;c t&#7871;.]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/minh-sap-mo-mot-khoa-hoc</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/minh-sap-mo-mot-khoa-hoc</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 23 Aug 2026 12:22:50 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TnMH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb24cfebb-202a-4eae-b14e-bef3c7b0b43f_1200x1200.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p><p><em><strong>T&#243;m t&#7855;t: </strong>Sau m&#7897;t th&#7901;i gian d&#224;i v&#7855;ng b&#243;ng tr&#234;n trang, h&#244;m nay m&#236;nh quay l&#7841;i &#273;&#7875; k&#7875; m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;ang &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#7845;p &#7911;: m&#7897;t kh&#243;a h&#7885;c v&#7873; s&#7919;a m&#7865;, &#273;&#250;c k&#7871;t t&#7915; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u bu&#7893;i t&#432; v&#7845;n th&#7921;c t&#7871;. &#272;&#7875; l&#7841;i email qua n&#250;t Subscribe b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#7875; l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n bi&#7871;t khi m&#7885;i th&#7913; s&#7861;n s&#224;ng.</em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TnMH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb24cfebb-202a-4eae-b14e-bef3c7b0b43f_1200x1200.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TnMH!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb24cfebb-202a-4eae-b14e-bef3c7b0b43f_1200x1200.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TnMH!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb24cfebb-202a-4eae-b14e-bef3c7b0b43f_1200x1200.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TnMH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb24cfebb-202a-4eae-b14e-bef3c7b0b43f_1200x1200.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TnMH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb24cfebb-202a-4eae-b14e-bef3c7b0b43f_1200x1200.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TnMH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb24cfebb-202a-4eae-b14e-bef3c7b0b43f_1200x1200.jpeg" width="1200" height="1200" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TnMH!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb24cfebb-202a-4eae-b14e-bef3c7b0b43f_1200x1200.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TnMH!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb24cfebb-202a-4eae-b14e-bef3c7b0b43f_1200x1200.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TnMH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb24cfebb-202a-4eae-b14e-bef3c7b0b43f_1200x1200.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TnMH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb24cfebb-202a-4eae-b14e-bef3c7b0b43f_1200x1200.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><h2>&#272;&#227; l&#226;u r&#7891;i m&#236;nh ch&#432;a &#273;&#259;ng b&#224;i</h2><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#227; theo d&#245;i Webcuame t&#7915; tr&#432;&#7899;c, ch&#7855;c b&#7841;n c&#361;ng nh&#7853;n ra: m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; im l&#7863;ng kh&#225; l&#226;u. Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i v&#236; h&#7871;t chuy&#7879;n &#273;&#7875; k&#7875;, m&#224; v&#236; l&#7883;ch l&#224;m vi&#7879;c d&#224;y &#273;&#7863;c v&#224; th&#7901;i gian d&#224;nh cho gia &#273;&#236;nh c&#243; 5 ch&#224;ng trai c&#7911;a m&#236;nh. C&#7843;m &#417;n b&#7841;n v&#7851;n c&#242;n &#7903; &#273;&#226;y.</p><h2>&#272;i&#7873;u m&#236;nh &#273;ang &#7845;p &#7911;</h2><p>Nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m &#273;&#7891;ng h&#224;nh c&#249;ng c&#225;c m&#7865; v&#7899;i vai tr&#242; m&#7897;t chuy&#234;n gia s&#7919;a m&#7865;, qua c&#225;c bu&#7893;i g&#7863;p tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p, qua Helpline, m&#236;nh nh&#7853;n ra m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u: r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u m&#7865; h&#7887;i m&#236;nh nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u h&#7887;i r&#7845;t gi&#7889;ng nhau. V&#7873; vi&#7879;c b&#250; &#273;&#7911; hay ch&#432;a, v&#7873; vi&#7879;c &#273;au khi cho b&#250;, v&#7873; vi&#7879;c ph&#7843;i l&#224;m g&#236; trong 2 tu&#7847;n &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n b&#7889;i r&#7889;i nh&#7845;t. T&#7915;ng c&#226;u h&#7887;i, t&#7915;ng bu&#7893;i t&#432; v&#7845;n c&#7897;ng l&#7841;i, m&#236;nh nh&#7853;n ra: &#273;&#226;y l&#224; nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u n&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#243;i l&#7841;i th&#224;nh m&#7897;t n&#417;i &#273;&#7875; ph&#7909; huynh n&#224;o c&#361;ng ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ch&#7901; &#273;&#7871;n l&#250;c kh&#7911;ng ho&#7843;ng m&#7899;i &#273;i t&#236;m. T&#7841;i sao m&#236;nh d&#249;ng t&#7915; &#8220;ph&#7909; huynh&#8221; thay v&#236; &#8220;m&#7865;&#8221;? B&#7903;i v&#7889;n d&#297; chuy&#7879;n nu&#244;i con &#273;&#226;u ch&#7881; c&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865;, m&#224; c&#242;n c&#243; c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng &#244;ng b&#7889; n&#7919;a m&#224;!</p><p>V&#7853;y n&#234;n m&#236;nh &#273;ang chu&#7849;n b&#7883; m&#7897;t kh&#243;a h&#7885;c v&#7873; nu&#244;i con s&#7919;a m&#7865; d&#224;nh cho nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7855;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#224;m cha m&#7865;. Kh&#243;a h&#7885;c n&#224;y l&#224; n&#417;i m&#236;nh g&#243;i gh&#233;m nh&#7919;ng g&#236; &#273;&#227; h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c qua t&#7915;ng &#7845;y n&#259;m l&#224;m ngh&#7873;, theo &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;ch m&#236;nh v&#7851;n vi&#7871;t tr&#234;n trang n&#224;y: th&#7853;t, g&#7847;n g&#361;i, v&#224; d&#7921;a tr&#234;n b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng khoa h&#7885;c. &#272;&#226;y c&#361;ng l&#224; m&#7897;t kh&#243;a h&#7885;c b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u cho m&#7897;t h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh d&#224;i h&#417;i h&#417;n. C&#7909; th&#7875; th&#7871; n&#224;o th&#236; m&#236;nh s&#7869; chia s&#7867; ti&#7871;p trong nh&#7919;ng b&#224;i ti&#7871;p theo nh&#233;.</p><h2>V&#236; sao l&#224; b&#226;y gi&#7901;</h2><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n ch&#432;a &#273;&#7885;c trang Gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u (About) m&#7899;i c&#7911;a Webcuame, &#273;&#226;y l&#224; l&#250;c b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; mu&#7889;n gh&#233; qua: m&#236;nh v&#7915;a c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t l&#7841;i &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911; h&#417;n v&#7873; h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh c&#7911;a m&#236;nh v&#224; l&#253; do trang n&#224;y t&#7891;n t&#7841;i. Kh&#243;a h&#7885;c s&#7855;p t&#7899;i c&#361;ng l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n ti&#7871;p theo t&#7921; nhi&#234;n c&#7911;a h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh &#273;&#243;.</p><p><strong>V&#224;o danh s&#225;ch ch&#7901;</strong></p><p>M&#236;nh ch&#432;a c&#243; ng&#224;y khai gi&#7843;ng c&#7909; th&#7875;, c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng v&#7897;i, nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n bi&#7871;t khi m&#7885;i th&#7913; s&#7861;n s&#224;ng, h&#227;y &#273;&#7875; l&#7841;i email qua n&#250;t Subscribe b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i b&#224;i nh&#233;. M&#236;nh s&#7869; kh&#244;ng g&#7917;i g&#236; kh&#225;c ngo&#224;i nh&#7919;ng b&#224;i vi&#7871;t b&#7841;n v&#7851;n nh&#7853;n, c&#7897;ng th&#234;m tin t&#7913;c s&#7899;m nh&#7845;t v&#7873; kh&#243;a h&#7885;c n&#224;y.</p><p><em>by nguyenndao</em></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe"><span>&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237;</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>