<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Web Của Mẹ : Dinh Dưỡng & Sức Khoẻ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Thông tin dinh dưỡng và sức khỏe của mẹ và bé bài viết từ các nguồn tham khảo và kiến thức riêng.]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/s/dinh-duong-and-suc-khoe</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LRKp!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4a51b965-e2e3-4a34-bd59-129a5235ff15_295x295.png</url><title>Web Của Mẹ : Dinh Dưỡng &amp; Sức Khoẻ</title><link>https://www.webcuame.com/s/dinh-duong-and-suc-khoe</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Mon, 13 Apr 2026 01:03:12 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://www.webcuame.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[webcuameblog@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[webcuameblog@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[webcuameblog@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[webcuameblog@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[Những biểu hiện bình thường của trẻ sơ sinh]]></title><description><![CDATA[Nhi&#7873;u b&#224; m&#7865; m&#7899;i sinh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#8220;c&#7843;nh b&#225;o&#8221; r&#7857;ng &#8220;Ch&#7899; n&#234;n g&#7847;n g&#361;i &#244;m &#7845;p con nhi&#7873;u qu&#225;, s&#7869; l&#224;m h&#432; con, n&#243; s&#7869; b&#225;m m&#7865; nh&#432; &#273;&#7881;a, m&#7865; s&#7869; kh&#244;ng l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#236; c&#7843;!&#8221;]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/nhung-bieu-hien-binh-thuong-cua-tre</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/nhung-bieu-hien-binh-thuong-cua-tre</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 23 Oct 2025 04:41:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!M0h-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff1504be8-d60d-47e9-bfe5-981dd3aee9c4_295x295.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Nhi&#7873;u b&#224; m&#7865; m&#7899;i sinh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#8220;c&#7843;nh b&#225;o&#8221; r&#7857;ng &#8220;Ch&#7899; n&#234;n g&#7847;n g&#361;i &#244;m &#7845;p con nhi&#7873;u qu&#225;, s&#7869; l&#224;m h&#432; con, n&#243; s&#7869; b&#225;m m&#7865; nh&#432; &#273;&#7881;a, m&#7865; s&#7869; kh&#244;ng l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#236; c&#7843;!&#8221;</p><p>H&#227;y d&#249;ng t&#432; duy ph&#7843;n bi&#7879;n (critical thinking) m&#224; xem:</p><p>- M&#236;nh &#273;&#227; &#8220;l&#224;m n&#234;n&#8221; con ch&#432;a m&#224; b&#7843;o l&#224; &#8220;l&#224;m h&#432;&#8221; con?</p><p>Con &#7903; trong b&#7909;ng m&#7865; ch&#237;n th&#225;ng, th&#236; ch&#237;n th&#225;ng &#7845;y con ch&#7881; bi&#7871;t c&#243; c&#225;i b&#7909;ng m&#7865; th&#244;i, con n&#224;o c&#243; bi&#7871;t b&#234;n ngo&#224;i l&#224; g&#236; &#273;&#226;u. V&#236; v&#7853;y, c&#243; g&#236; &#8220;h&#432;&#8221; khi con kh&#243;c &#273;&#242;i m&#7865;? C&#243; g&#236; h&#432; khi con &#8220;b&#7879;n h&#417;i&#8221; m&#7865;?</p><p>Trong s&#225;u th&#225;ng &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n c&#7911;a cu&#7897;c &#273;&#7901;i, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; th&#225;ng th&#7913; nh&#7845;t, con &#273;ang t&#236;m hi&#7875;u th&#7871; gi&#7899;i xung quanh l&#224; g&#236;, kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng m&#236;nh &#273;ang s&#7889;ng l&#224; c&#225;i g&#236; &#7845;y nh&#7881;? Kh&#243;c l&#224; ph&#432;&#417;ng ti&#7879;n giao ti&#7871;p duy nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a con. N&#7871;u con kh&#243;c v&#224; c&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7871;n &#244;m &#7845;p, v&#7895; v&#7873; con, c&#243; b&#7889; m&#7865; &#7903; b&#234;n &#273;&#7875; n&#7921;ng n&#7883;u con th&#236; con s&#7869; th&#7845;y th&#7871; gi&#7899;i b&#234;n ngo&#224;i c&#361;ng b&#236;nh y&#234;n, kh&#244;ng c&#243; g&#236; &#273;&#7875; s&#7907; c&#7843;. Nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u con kh&#243;c m&#224; kh&#244;ng ai &#273;&#7871;n, ho&#7863;c c&#243; nghe c&#243; ti&#7871;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#224; v&#7851;n c&#7913; &#273;&#7875; m&#7863;c cho con kh&#243;c th&#236; con s&#7869; th&#7845;y th&#7871; gi&#7899;i n&#224;y th&#7853;t &#273;&#225;ng s&#7907; v&#236; con th&#7845;y l&#7867; loi qu&#225;. D&#7851;u sao con c&#361;ng l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7899;i &#273;&#7871;n m&#224;?</p><p>C&#243; ng&#224;y &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n &#273;i h&#7885;c n&#224;o m&#224; kh&#244;ng b&#7905; ng&#7905;?</p><p>C&#243; ai m&#224; kh&#244;ng th&#7845;y l&#7841; l&#7851;m khi b&#432;&#7899;c v&#224;o m&#7897;t ch&#7895; l&#224;m m&#7899;i?</p><p>C&#243; v&#7883; kh&#225;ch du l&#7883;ch n&#224;o m&#224; kh&#244;ng th&#7845;y hoang mang khi &#273;&#7871;n m&#7897;t &#273;&#7845;t n&#432;&#7899;c l&#7841; v&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n du l&#7883;ch c&#361;ng nh&#432; th&#244;ng d&#7883;ch vi&#234;n c&#7911;a m&#236;nh th&#236; kh&#244;ng th&#7845;y &#273;&#226;u?</p><p>Con kh&#243;c, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#250;c n&#224;o c&#361;ng v&#236; &#273;&#243;i. V&#224; ch&#237;nh v&#236; s&#7921; nh&#7847;m l&#7851;n n&#224;y m&#224; nhi&#7873;u b&#233; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#250; m&#7865; ho&#224;n to&#224;n trong s&#225;u th&#225;ng &#273;&#7847;u. M&#7865; m&#7845;t t&#7921; tin v&#224;o kh&#7843; n&#259;ng nu&#244;i con b&#7857;ng s&#7919;a m&#7865; c&#7911;a m&#236;nh v&#236; nh&#7847;m l&#7851;n nh&#7919;ng bi&#7875;u hi&#7879;n th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7911;a con v&#7899;i nhu c&#7847;u dinh d&#432;&#7905;ng th&#7921;c s&#7921; c&#7911;a con.</p><p>V&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng l&#253; do n&#234;u tr&#234;n, vi&#7879;c &#8220;l&#224;m h&#432;&#8221; m&#7897;t tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; tr&#7867; d&#432;&#7899;i s&#225;u th&#225;ng l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u ho&#224;n to&#224;n kh&#244;ng th&#7875;. Do v&#7853;y, b&#7871; m&#7897;t em b&#233; &#273;ang kh&#243;c v&#224; v&#7895; v&#7873; b&#233; l&#224; m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u ho&#224;n to&#224;n, m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u ho&#224;n to&#224;n &#273;&#250;ng &#273;&#7855;n.</p><p>Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u cho th&#7845;y, n&#7871;u b&#7889; m&#7865; ho&#7863;c ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#226;n &#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng k&#7883;p th&#7901;i khi b&#233; kh&#243;c th&#236; b&#233; s&#7869; &#237;t kh&#243;c h&#417;n b&#236;nh di&#7879;n chung. T&#7913;c l&#224; so v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng b&#233; b&#7883; &#8220;&#273;&#7875; m&#7863;c cho kh&#243;c&#8221; th&#236; nh&#7919;ng b&#233; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7889; m&#7865; k&#7883;p th&#7901;i x&#7917; l&#253; khi kh&#243;c s&#7869; &#237;t kh&#243;c h&#417;n, c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; b&#233; s&#7869; vui h&#417;n, c&#7843;m th&#7845;y y&#234;n t&#226;m h&#417;n, v&#224; s&#7869; th&#432; gi&#227;n h&#417;n. Nh&#432; v&#7853;y, kh&#244;ng th&#7875; n&#243;i l&#224; b&#233; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7889; m&#7865; &#273;&#7875; &#253; h&#417;n l&#224; nh&#7919;ng b&#233; &#8220;h&#432;&#8221; h&#417;n.</p><p>M&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u m&#224; nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#361;ng nh&#7853;n ra, &#273;&#243; l&#224; m&#7895;i b&#233; sinh ra c&#243; nh&#7919;ng t&#237;nh c&#225;ch kh&#225;c nhau, c&#361;ng gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7895;i t&#237;nh v&#7853;y. C&#243; b&#233; r&#7845;t d&#7877; ch&#7883;u, tho&#7843;i m&#225;i, sao c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c; v&#224; c&#361;ng c&#243; b&#233; nh&#7841;y c&#7843;m v&#224; d&#7877; b&#7921;c b&#7897;i. Do &#273;&#243;, b&#7889; m&#7865; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i lo l&#7855;ng l&#224; m&#236;nh s&#7869; l&#224;m &#8220;h&#432;&#8221; con trong th&#225;ng &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n, k&#7875; c&#7843; trong s&#225;u th&#225;ng &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n c&#7911;a cu&#7897;c &#273;&#7901;i con.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Việc bổ sung Vitamin D nhân tạo đã được diễn giải như thế nào?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Ch&#224;o m&#7845;y b&#224; m&#225; v&#224; m&#7845;y &#244;ng ba (c&#243; &#273;&#7885;c b&#224;i n&#224;y kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7845;y?).]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/viec-bo-sung-vitamin-d-nhan-tao-a</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/viec-bo-sung-vitamin-d-nhan-tao-a</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 10 Feb 2025 05:54:29 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J9cf!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F227f5e54-f662-44f1-9f8f-45c20202b16e_1024x1024.webp" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Ch&#224;o m&#7845;y b&#224; m&#225; v&#224; m&#7845;y &#244;ng ba (c&#243; &#273;&#7885;c b&#224;i n&#224;y kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7845;y?). H&#244;m nay, ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; n&#243;i v&#7873; m&#7897;t ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; t&#432;&#7903;ng quen m&#224; l&#7841;: <strong>b&#7893; sung vitamin D cho con y&#234;u</strong>. &#272;&#250;ng v&#7853;y, c&#225;i th&#7913; vitamin t&#432;&#7903;ng ch&#7915;ng nh&#432; "tr&#7901;i ban", ch&#7881; c&#7847;n ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng l&#224; c&#243;, nh&#432;ng gi&#7901; &#273;&#226;y l&#7841;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;c chuy&#234;n gia y t&#7871; khuy&#7871;n ngh&#7883; r&#7857;ng: <strong>"Th&#244;i &#273;&#7915;ng ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng n&#7919;a, b&#7893; sung qua &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng u&#7889;ng &#273;i cho l&#224;nh!"</strong>. Nh&#432;ng khoan, &#273;&#227; c&#243; ai t&#7915;ng &#273;&#7863;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i: <strong>C&#243; th&#7853;t l&#224; ch&#250;ng ta kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng cho con kh&#244;ng? Hay l&#224; th&#244;ng tin n&#224;y &#273;&#227; b&#7883; di&#7877;n gi&#7843;i h&#417;i... qu&#225; &#273;&#224;?</strong></p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>1. Ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng &#8211; K&#7867; th&#249; hay ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7841;n?</strong></h3><p>Tr&#432;&#7899;c h&#7871;t, ch&#250;ng ta &#273;&#7873;u bi&#7871;t r&#7857;ng <strong>n&#7855;ng c&#243; t&#225;c d&#7909;ng gi&#250;p c&#417; th&#7875; t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p vitamin D</strong>. C&#7909; th&#7875;, tia UVB t&#7915; m&#7863;t tr&#7901;i k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t m&#7897;t ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng trong da, bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;i <strong>7-dehydrocholesterol</strong> th&#224;nh <strong>vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)</strong> &#8211; m&#7897;t d&#7841;ng vitamin D d&#7877; h&#7845;p th&#7909; nh&#7845;t.</p><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n, c&#225;c t&#7893; ch&#7913;c y t&#7871; nh&#432; <strong>WHO, AAP, CDC, v&#224; Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine (ABM)</strong> &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;a ra c&#7843;nh b&#225;o: <strong>Tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh d&#432;&#7899;i 6 th&#225;ng tu&#7893;i c&#243; l&#224;n da r&#7845;t m&#7887;ng manh, d&#7877; b&#7883; t&#7893;n th&#432;&#417;ng b&#7903;i tia c&#7921;c t&#237;m (UV), c&#243; th&#7875; g&#226;y ch&#225;y n&#7855;ng v&#224; t&#259;ng nguy c&#417; ung th&#432; da v&#7873; sau</strong>. V&#236; th&#7871;, h&#7885; <strong>kh&#244;ng khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch ph&#7909; huynh s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng nh&#432; ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p ch&#237;nh &#273;&#7875; b&#7893; sung vitamin D</strong>, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; trong kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian UV m&#7841;nh nh&#7845;t t&#7915; <strong>10h s&#225;ng &#273;&#7871;n 4h chi&#7873;u</strong>. (WHO, AAP, <a href="https://www.bfmed.org">ABM</a>)</p><p>Khoan &#273;&#227;! H&#7885; n&#243;i l&#224; <strong>"kh&#244;ng khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch d&#249;ng l&#224;m ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p ch&#237;nh"</strong>, ch&#7913; &#273;&#226;u c&#243; n&#243;i <strong>"c&#7845;m tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i" </strong>hay <strong>&#8220;&#273;&#7915;ng ph&#417;i&#8221;</strong>?</p><h3><strong>2. L&#7907;i &#237;ch kh&#225;c c&#7911;a &#225;nh n&#7855;ng m&#7863;t tr&#7901;i</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J9cf!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F227f5e54-f662-44f1-9f8f-45c20202b16e_1024x1024.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J9cf!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F227f5e54-f662-44f1-9f8f-45c20202b16e_1024x1024.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J9cf!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F227f5e54-f662-44f1-9f8f-45c20202b16e_1024x1024.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J9cf!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F227f5e54-f662-44f1-9f8f-45c20202b16e_1024x1024.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J9cf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F227f5e54-f662-44f1-9f8f-45c20202b16e_1024x1024.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J9cf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F227f5e54-f662-44f1-9f8f-45c20202b16e_1024x1024.webp" width="1024" height="1024" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/227f5e54-f662-44f1-9f8f-45c20202b16e_1024x1024.webp&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1024,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:242766,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/webp&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J9cf!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F227f5e54-f662-44f1-9f8f-45c20202b16e_1024x1024.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J9cf!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F227f5e54-f662-44f1-9f8f-45c20202b16e_1024x1024.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J9cf!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F227f5e54-f662-44f1-9f8f-45c20202b16e_1024x1024.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J9cf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F227f5e54-f662-44f1-9f8f-45c20202b16e_1024x1024.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Ngo&#224;i vai tr&#242; quan tr&#7885;ng trong vi&#7879;c t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p vitamin D, &#225;nh n&#7855;ng c&#242;n mang l&#7841;i nhi&#7873;u l&#7907;i &#237;ch sinh h&#7885;c kh&#225;c m&#224; vitamin D nh&#226;n t&#7841;o kh&#244;ng th&#7875; thay th&#7871;:</p><blockquote><p>&#183; <strong>K&#237;ch th&#237;ch s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t oxit nitric (NO):</strong> Gi&#250;p gi&#227;n m&#7841;ch, h&#7895; tr&#7907; huy&#7871;t &#225;p.</p><p>&#183; <strong>T&#259;ng serotonin:</strong> Gi&#250;p c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n t&#226;m tr&#7841;ng, gi&#7843;m nguy c&#417; tr&#7847;m c&#7843;m.</p><p>&#183; <strong>K&#237;ch th&#237;ch ti&#7871;t endorphin:</strong> Gi&#250;p th&#432; gi&#227;n, gi&#7843;m stress.</p><p>&#183; <strong>H&#7895; tr&#7907; chu k&#7923; gi&#7845;c ng&#7911;:</strong> Th&#244;ng qua t&#259;ng c&#432;&#7901;ng s&#7843;n sinh melatonin.</p></blockquote><h3><strong>3. Di&#7877;n gi&#7843;i l&#7879;ch l&#7841;c: &#8220;Th&#244;i, c&#7913; u&#7889;ng &#273;i cho l&#224;nh&#8221;</strong></h3><p>Ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n, m&#7897;t s&#7889; chuy&#234;n gia y t&#7871; &#273;&#227; "di&#7877;n d&#7883;ch" th&#244;ng &#273;i&#7879;p tr&#234;n theo ki&#7875;u <strong>"tr&#7867; con kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng, ch&#7881; u&#7889;ng vitamin D nh&#226;n t&#7841;o m&#7899;i an to&#224;n"</strong>. Nh&#432;ng s&#7921; th&#7853;t l&#224; <strong>kh&#244;ng c&#243; m&#7897;t khuy&#7871;n c&#225;o n&#224;o c&#7845;m ho&#224;n to&#224;n vi&#7879;c ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng cho tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh</strong>. Thay v&#224;o &#273;&#243;, c&#225;c t&#7893; ch&#7913;c uy t&#237;n ch&#7881; n&#243;i r&#7857;ng <strong>ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng kh&#244;ng n&#234;n l&#224; c&#225;ch ch&#237;nh &#273;&#7875; b&#7893; sung vitamin D</strong> &#8211; nh&#432;ng &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; n&#243; kh&#244;ng c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883;.</p><p>V&#224; th&#7871; l&#224;, r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u cha m&#7865; b&#7895;ng r&#417;i v&#224;o v&#242;ng lu&#7849;n qu&#7849;n: <strong>Kh&#244;ng d&#225;m cho con ra n&#7855;ng, ch&#7881; tin v&#224;o thu&#7889;c u&#7889;ng vitamin D</strong> m&#224; qu&#234;n m&#7845;t r&#7857;ng <strong>vitamin D t&#7921; nhi&#234;n t&#7915; m&#7863;t tr&#7901;i c&#243; sinh kh&#7843; d&#7909;ng cao h&#417;n, gi&#250;p duy tr&#236; m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; b&#7873;n v&#7919;ng trong m&#225;u l&#226;u h&#417;n</strong>. (<a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/vitamin-d-for-babies/faq-20058161">Mayo Clinic</a>)</p><h3><strong>4. V&#7853;y ch&#250;ng ta c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng cho con nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o?</strong></h3><p><strong>Th&#7901;i gian ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng an to&#224;n ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o v&#7883; tr&#237; &#273;&#7883;a l&#253;, m&#249;a trong n&#259;m, &#273;&#7897; cao so v&#7899;i m&#7921;c n&#432;&#7899;c bi&#7875;n, m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; &#244; nhi&#7877;m kh&#244;ng kh&#237; v&#224; c&#7843; m&#224;u da c&#7911;a m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i.</strong></p><p>&#9203; <strong>Tia UV m&#7841;nh nh&#7845;t kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#250;c n&#224;o c&#361;ng t&#7915; 10h s&#225;ng &#273;&#7871;n 4h chi&#7873;u &#7903; m&#7885;i n&#417;i.</strong> &#272;&#226;y l&#224; khuy&#7871;n c&#225;o mang t&#237;nh t&#7893;ng qu&#225;t, th&#432;&#7901;ng &#225;p d&#7909;ng &#7903; c&#225;c khu v&#7921;c <strong>c&#7853;n x&#237;ch &#273;&#7841;o</strong> ho&#7863;c n&#417;i c&#243; <strong>c&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7897; UV cao</strong>. &#7902; c&#225;c v&#249;ng xa x&#237;ch &#273;&#7841;o h&#417;n, th&#7901;i gian UV m&#7841;nh nh&#7845;t c&#243; th&#7875; <strong>kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t &#273;&#225;ng k&#7875;</strong>, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t v&#224;o m&#249;a &#273;&#244;ng khi g&#243;c m&#7863;t tr&#7901;i th&#7845;p h&#417;n.</p><p><strong>V&#237; d&#7909; v&#7873; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t &#273;&#7883;a l&#253; trong c&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7897; UV:</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>&#218;c &amp; New Zealand (g&#7847;n Nam B&#225;n C&#7847;u, t&#7847;ng ozone m&#7887;ng h&#417;n):</strong> UV r&#7845;t cao ngay c&#7843; v&#224;o m&#249;a &#273;&#244;ng, n&#234;n nhi&#7873;u n&#417;i khuy&#7871;n c&#225;o h&#7841;n ch&#7871; n&#7855;ng t&#7915; 9h s&#225;ng &#273;&#7871;n 5h chi&#7873;u.</p></li><li><p><strong>B&#7855;c &#194;u (xa x&#237;ch &#273;&#7841;o):</strong> M&#249;a &#273;&#244;ng g&#7847;n nh&#432; kh&#244;ng c&#243; tia UV &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7875; t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p vitamin D, n&#234;n ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng gi&#7919;a tr&#432;a l&#7841;i l&#224; <strong>khuy&#7871;n c&#225;o h&#7919;u &#237;ch</strong>.</p></li><li><p><strong>Khu v&#7921;c &#244;n &#273;&#7899;i (M&#7929;, ch&#226;u &#194;u, Nh&#7853;t B&#7843;n...):</strong> M&#249;a h&#232;, tia UV m&#7841;nh nh&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng t&#7915; <strong>10h s&#225;ng - 3h chi&#7873;u</strong>. M&#249;a &#273;&#244;ng, c&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7897; UV gi&#7843;m, v&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#226;n th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c khuy&#7871;n ngh&#7883; b&#7893; sung vitamin D b&#7857;ng ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; &#259;n u&#7889;ng.</p></li><li><p><strong>T&#7841;i Vi&#7879;t Nam v&#224; &#272;&#244;ng Nam &#193;</strong>, th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng ph&#249; h&#7907;p nh&#7845;t l&#224; <strong>tr&#432;&#7899;c 9h s&#225;ng v&#224; sau 4h chi&#7873;u</strong>. C&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7897; UV v&#7851;n &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7875; t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p vitamin D m&#224; kh&#244;ng g&#226;y h&#7841;i cho da.</p></li><li><p><strong>Th&#7901;i gian ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng:</strong> B&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#7915; <strong>5-10 ph&#250;t/ng&#224;y</strong> v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; t&#259;ng d&#7847;n l&#234;n <strong>20 ph&#250;t</strong> khi tr&#7867; &#273;&#227; quen.</p></li><li><p><strong>Ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;ch:</strong> Cho tr&#7867; m&#7863;c qu&#7847;n &#225;o tho&#225;ng m&#225;t, &#273;&#7875; l&#7897; c&#225;nh tay, ch&#226;n, tr&#225;nh &#225;nh n&#7855;ng tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p v&#224;o m&#7863;t v&#224; m&#7855;t.</p></li><li><p><strong>Tr&#225;nh ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng qua k&#237;nh c&#7917;a s&#7893;:</strong> V&#236; tia UVB &#8211; th&#7913; quan tr&#7885;ng gi&#250;p t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p vitamin D &#8211; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; xuy&#234;n qua k&#237;nh.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!okb5!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ca8b59f-4b45-480a-8fa0-7d8bfe87b188_1024x1024.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!okb5!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ca8b59f-4b45-480a-8fa0-7d8bfe87b188_1024x1024.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!okb5!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ca8b59f-4b45-480a-8fa0-7d8bfe87b188_1024x1024.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!okb5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ca8b59f-4b45-480a-8fa0-7d8bfe87b188_1024x1024.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!okb5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ca8b59f-4b45-480a-8fa0-7d8bfe87b188_1024x1024.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!okb5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ca8b59f-4b45-480a-8fa0-7d8bfe87b188_1024x1024.webp" width="1024" height="1024" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7ca8b59f-4b45-480a-8fa0-7d8bfe87b188_1024x1024.webp&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1024,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:236232,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/webp&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!okb5!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ca8b59f-4b45-480a-8fa0-7d8bfe87b188_1024x1024.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!okb5!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ca8b59f-4b45-480a-8fa0-7d8bfe87b188_1024x1024.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!okb5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ca8b59f-4b45-480a-8fa0-7d8bfe87b188_1024x1024.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!okb5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7ca8b59f-4b45-480a-8fa0-7d8bfe87b188_1024x1024.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Ngo&#224;i ra, th&#7901;i gian c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t &#273;&#7875; t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p vitamin D t&#7915; &#225;nh n&#7855;ng ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o <strong>m&#224;u da</strong> c&#7911;a m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i. Da s&#225;ng m&#224;u (nh&#432; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#226;u &#194;u) h&#7845;p th&#7909; UV nhanh h&#417;n, trong khi da s&#7851;m m&#224;u (nh&#432; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#226;u Phi, ch&#226;u &#193;) ch&#7913;a nhi&#7873;u melanin h&#417;n, gi&#225;n ti&#7871;p gi&#7843;m kh&#7843; n&#259;ng h&#7845;p th&#7909; UVB. &#272;&#7889;i v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t Nam, th&#7901;i gian ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; th&#432;&#7901;ng d&#224;i h&#417;n so v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; l&#224;n da s&#225;ng, t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t n&#234;n &#273;&#7863;t trong kho&#7843;ng 10-20 ph&#250;t m&#7895;i ng&#224;y v&#224;o bu&#7893;i s&#225;ng ho&#7863;c chi&#7873;u mu&#7897;n.</p></li></ul><p>&#127774; <strong>V&#7853;y n&#234;n, kh&#244;ng th&#7875; &#225;p d&#7909;ng m&#7897;t khuy&#7871;n c&#225;o chung cho m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#234;n th&#7871; gi&#7899;i.</strong> Ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng c&#7847;n linh ho&#7841;t t&#249;y theo &#273;&#7883;a ph&#432;&#417;ng, kh&#237; h&#7853;u v&#224; &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m sinh h&#7885;c c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng c&#225; nh&#226;n.</p><h3><strong>5. B&#7893; sung vitamin D nh&#226;n t&#7841;o &#8211; C&#7913;u c&#225;nh hay gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p t&#7841;m th&#7901;i?</strong></h3><p>B&#7893; sung vitamin D &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng u&#7889;ng l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#432;&#417;ng &#225;n an to&#224;n v&#224; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t v&#7899;i tr&#7867; s&#7889;ng &#7903; n&#417;i &#237;t n&#7855;ng ho&#7863;c trong m&#249;a &#273;&#244;ng. C&#225;c t&#7893; ch&#7913;c y t&#7871; khuy&#7871;n ngh&#7883;:</p><ul><li><p>Tr&#7867; <strong>b&#250; m&#7865; ho&#224;n to&#224;n</strong>: C&#7847;n <strong>400 IU vitamin D/ng&#224;y</strong> t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng ng&#224;y &#273;&#7847;u sau sinh.</p></li><li><p>Tr&#7867; <strong>b&#250; s&#7919;a c&#244;ng th&#7913;c</strong>: N&#7871;u u&#7889;ng &#237;t h&#417;n <strong>1 l&#237;t/ng&#224;y</strong>, c&#361;ng c&#7847;n b&#7893; sung. (AAP)</p></li></ul><p>Nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u c&#243; &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n, <strong>cho tr&#7867; ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;ch v&#7851;n l&#224; m&#7897;t l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n lu&#244;n lu&#244;n t&#7889;t</strong>, v&#236; &#225;nh n&#7855;ng kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; gi&#250;p t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p vitamin D m&#224; c&#242;n k&#237;ch th&#237;ch c&#417; th&#7875; s&#7843;n sinh <strong>serotonin (c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n t&#226;m tr&#7841;ng), oxit nitric (h&#7895; tr&#7907; tu&#7847;n ho&#224;n) v&#224; endorphin (gi&#250;p th&#432; gi&#227;n)</strong>.</p><h3><strong>6. K&#7871;t lu&#7853;n: Vitamin D &#8211; &#272;&#7915;ng &#273;&#7875; hi&#7875;u sai!</strong></h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#193;nh n&#7855;ng m&#7863;t tr&#7901;i kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i k&#7867; th&#249;.</strong> Ch&#7881; c&#7847;n bi&#7871;t c&#225;ch t&#7853;n d&#7909;ng &#273;&#250;ng, n&#243; v&#7851;n l&#224; ngu&#7891;n cung c&#7845;p vitamin D t&#7921; nhi&#234;n t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t.</p></li><li><p><strong>Vitamin D nh&#226;n t&#7841;o l&#224; c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t</strong> trong nh&#7919;ng tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p tr&#7867; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng &#273;&#7911;. Nh&#432;ng n&#243; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p duy nh&#7845;t!</p></li><li><p><strong>M&#7885;i th&#7913; ph&#7843;i c&#243; s&#7921; c&#226;n b&#7857;ng.</strong> Thay v&#236; c&#7921;c &#273;oan h&#243;a &#8220;ph&#417;i n&#7855;ng l&#224; x&#7845;u&#8221; ho&#7863;c &#8220;ch&#7881; c&#243; u&#7889;ng vitamin D m&#7899;i t&#7889;t&#8221;, cha m&#7865; h&#227;y hi&#7875;u r&#245; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; v&#224; &#225;p d&#7909;ng linh ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7875; con c&#243; m&#7897;t kh&#7903;i &#273;&#7847;u kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh nh&#7845;t!</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><p><strong>Ngu&#7891;n tham kh&#7843;o:</strong></p><ol><li><p>T&#7893; ch&#7913;c Y t&#7871; Th&#7871; gi&#7899;i (WHO): <a href="https://www.who.int/tools/elena/interventions/vitamind-infants">Vitamin D and Sun Exposure</a></p></li><li><p>Trung t&#226;m Ki&#7875;m so&#225;t v&#224; Ph&#242;ng ng&#7915;a D&#7883;ch b&#7879;nh Hoa K&#7923; (CDC): <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/skin/basic_info/sun-safety.htm">Sun Safety for Babies</a></p></li><li><p>Mayo Clinic: <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/vitamin-d-for-babies/faq-20058161">Vitamin D for Babies</a></p></li><li><p><strong>H&#7885;c vi&#7879;n Nhi khoa Hoa K&#7923; (AAP):</strong> <a href="https://www.healthychildren.org/English/healthy-living/nutrition/Pages/vitamin-d-on-the-double.aspx">Vitamin D for Babies, Children &amp; Adolescents</a></p></li><li><p><strong>Trung t&#226;m Ki&#7875;m so&#225;t v&#224; Ph&#242;ng ng&#7915;a D&#7883;ch b&#7879;nh Hoa K&#7923; (CDC):</strong> <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/skin-cancer/sun-safety/index.html">Sun Safety for Babies</a></p></li><li><p><strong>Mayo Clinic:</strong> <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/vitamin-d-for-babies/faq-20058161">Vitamin D for babies: Are supplements needed?</a></p></li><li><p><strong>Science Focus</strong>: <a href="https://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/can-you-absorb-vitamin-d-through-a-window">Can you absorb vitamin D through a window?</a></p></li></ol><div><hr></div><p>V&#7853;y m&#7845;y b&#224; m&#225; (v&#224; m&#7845;y &#244;ng ba, n&#7871;u c&#243; l&#7905; &#273;&#7885;c t&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y), <strong>b&#7841;n ngh&#297; sao v&#7873; chuy&#7879;n b&#7893; sung vitamin D?</strong> B&#7841;n c&#243; &#273;ang b&#7883; nh&#7847;m l&#7851;n b&#7903;i nh&#7919;ng th&#244;ng tin sai l&#7879;ch? Hay b&#7841;n c&#243; c&#225;ch n&#224;o hay ho &#273;&#7875; gi&#250;p con nh&#7853;n &#273;&#7911; vitamin D m&#224; v&#7851;n an to&#224;n? B&#236;nh lu&#7853;n ngay nh&#233;!</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://webcuame.substack.com/p/viec-bo-sung-vitamin-d-nhan-tao-a/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://webcuame.substack.com/p/viec-bo-sung-vitamin-d-nhan-tao-a/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><p>C&#7843;m &#417;n b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; gh&#233; th&#259;m Webcuame! H&#227;y &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; &#273;&#7875; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh ng&#432;&#7901;i nh&#7853;n c&#225;c b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i v&#224; h&#7895; tr&#7907; c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c c&#7911;a m&#236;nh.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Nhiễm nấm CANDIDA (Candidiasis) khi cho con bú]]></title><description><![CDATA[* Mi&#7877;n tr&#7915; tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m: B&#224;i vi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7893;ng qu&#225;t b&#7903;i m&#7897;t Chuy&#234;n gia T&#432; v&#7845;n S&#7919;a m&#7865; Qu&#7889;c T&#7871; (IBCLC) kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7845;p b&#7857;ng &#273;&#7875; k&#234; toa thu&#7889;c, v&#224; do &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng thay th&#7871; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#253; ki&#7871;n c&#7911;a b&#225;c s&#297; v&#224;/ho&#7863;c nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; chuy&#234;n m&#244;n v&#7873; thu&#7889;c.]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/nhiem-nam-candida-candidiasis-khi-cho-con-bu</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/nhiem-nam-candida-candidiasis-khi-cho-con-bu</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 16 May 2022 23:20:45 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jZOI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83c89d78-1fbc-48a8-9a1c-5b1147cf6dc4_600x400.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jZOI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83c89d78-1fbc-48a8-9a1c-5b1147cf6dc4_600x400.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jZOI!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83c89d78-1fbc-48a8-9a1c-5b1147cf6dc4_600x400.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jZOI!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83c89d78-1fbc-48a8-9a1c-5b1147cf6dc4_600x400.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jZOI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83c89d78-1fbc-48a8-9a1c-5b1147cf6dc4_600x400.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jZOI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83c89d78-1fbc-48a8-9a1c-5b1147cf6dc4_600x400.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jZOI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83c89d78-1fbc-48a8-9a1c-5b1147cf6dc4_600x400.png" width="600" height="400" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/83c89d78-1fbc-48a8-9a1c-5b1147cf6dc4_600x400.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:400,&quot;width&quot;:600,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:127533,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jZOI!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83c89d78-1fbc-48a8-9a1c-5b1147cf6dc4_600x400.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jZOI!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83c89d78-1fbc-48a8-9a1c-5b1147cf6dc4_600x400.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jZOI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83c89d78-1fbc-48a8-9a1c-5b1147cf6dc4_600x400.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jZOI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83c89d78-1fbc-48a8-9a1c-5b1147cf6dc4_600x400.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>* <em><strong>Mi&#7877;n tr&#7915; tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m</strong></em>: <em>B&#224;i vi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7893;ng qu&#225;t b&#7903;i m&#7897;t Chuy&#234;n gia T&#432; v&#7845;n S&#7919;a m&#7865; Qu&#7889;c T&#7871; (IBCLC) kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7845;p b&#7857;ng &#273;&#7875; k&#234; toa thu&#7889;c, v&#224; do &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng thay th&#7871; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#253; ki&#7871;n c&#7911;a b&#225;c s&#297; v&#224;/ho&#7863;c nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; chuy&#234;n m&#244;n v&#7873; thu&#7889;c. C&#225;c th&#244;ng tin v&#7873; thu&#7889;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7853;p h&#7907;p nh&#7857;m cung c&#7845;p nh&#7919;ng ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c chung &#273;&#7875; c&#225;c b&#7841;n r&#7897;ng &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng tham kh&#7843;o tr&#432;&#7899;c khi &#273;&#432;a ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; cho m&#236;nh.</em></p><h2><strong>I. CANDIDA L&#192; G&#204;?</strong></h2><p>Candida l&#224; t&#234;n m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i n&#7845;m. C&#243; nhi&#7873;u lo&#7841;i Candida trong &#273;&#243; nh&#7919;ng lo&#7841;i Candida &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n con ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n nh&#7845;t l&#224; Candida Albicans (C. albicans, x&#7871;p h&#224;ng &#273;&#7847;u), C. tropicalis, C. krusei v&#224; C. parapsilosis (ch&#7919; C. l&#224; vi&#7871;t t&#7855;t cho t&#7915; Candida). Th&#7921;c ra Candida chung s&#7889;ng h&#242;a b&#236;nh tr&#234;n c&#417; th&#7875; con ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#7899;i m&#7897;t s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng nh&#7887; &#7903; v&#242;m h&#7885;ng (oropharynx), &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng ru&#7897;t (GI tract), &#226;m &#273;&#7841;o v&#224; da m&#224; kh&#244;ng g&#226;y &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng g&#236; cho t&#7899;i khi c&#243; s&#7921; m&#7845;t c&#226;n &#273;&#7889;i c&#7911;a h&#7879; khu&#7849;n trong c&#417; th&#7875;. Khi Candida ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n m&#7845;t ki&#7875;m so&#225;t th&#236; s&#7869; g&#226;y ra m&#7897;t s&#7889; nhi&#7877;m tr&#249;ng g&#7885;i l&#224; nhi&#7877;m n&#7845;m ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; vi&#234;m n&#7845;m &#226;m &#273;&#7841;o, vi&#234;m tuy&#7871;n v&#250; (mastitis), vi&#234;m v&#242;m h&#7885;ng &#7903; em b&#233; (b&#233; c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; g&#226;y vi&#234;m cho m&#7865; n&#7871;u b&#250; m&#7865;) v&#224; vi&#234;m v&#249;ng t&#227; c&#7911;a em b&#233; (candidal nappy/diaper rash).</p><p>Th&#7921;c t&#7871; th&#236; Candida l&#224; nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n nh&#7845;t trong nh&#7919;ng b&#7879;nh nhi&#7877;m n&#7845;m &#7903; con ng&#432;&#7901;i.</p><p><em>M&#7897;t s&#7889; y&#7871;u t&#7889; d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c Candida ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n m&#7845;t ki&#7875;m so&#225;t c&#243; th&#7875; k&#7875; &#273;&#7871;n nh&#432;:</em></p><p>1. Thu&#7889;c kh&#225;ng sinh/tr&#7909; sinh</p><p>2. C&#259;ng th&#7859;ng/stress qu&#225; m&#7913;c</p><p>3. S&#7917; d&#7909;ng th&#7913;c u&#7889;ng c&#243; c&#7891;n v&#7899;i s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng nhi&#7873;u</p><p>4. Ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; &#259;n u&#7889;ng nhi&#7873;u &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224; tinh b&#7897;t tinh luy&#7879;n</p><p>5. H&#7877; mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch suy y&#7871;u</p><p>6. Thu&#7889;c ng&#7915;a thai</p><p>7. B&#7879;nh ti&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng</p><p>8. M&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#7849;m &#432;&#7899;t v&#224; &#7845;m/n&#243;ng.</p><p>Trong b&#224;i n&#224;y, t&#225;c gi&#7843; &#273;&#7873; c&#7853;p &#273;&#7871;n ch&#7913;ng nhi&#7877;m n&#7845;m Candida (hay c&#242;n g&#7885;i l&#224; candidiasis) &#7903; m&#7865; cho con b&#250;.</p><h2><strong>II. NHI&#7876;M N&#7844;M CANDIDA &#7902; M&#7864; CHO CON B&#218;</strong></h2><p>M&#7865; v&#224; b&#233; &#273;&#7873;u l&#224; ngu&#7891;n l&#226;y nhi&#7877;m chung cho nhau, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t v&#224;o giai &#273;o&#7841;n nu&#244;i con b&#7857;ng s&#7919;a m&#7865;. Do &#273;&#243; khi &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; n&#7845;m Candida th&#236; ph&#7843;i &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883;/x&#7917; l&#253; cho c&#7843; hai m&#7865; con. Nh&#7919;ng t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng c&#7847;n ch&#250; &#253; &#273;&#243; l&#224;: vi&#234;m &#226;m &#273;&#7841;o/&#226;m h&#7897; (vulvovaginitis) do n&#7845;m (th&#432;&#7901;ng &#7903; m&#7865; tr&#432;&#7899;c, sau &#273;&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; &#7903; b&#233; g&#225;i), h&#259;m t&#227; do n&#7845;m (diaper/nappy candidiasis) ho&#7863;c vi&#234;m v&#250; (mastitis) do n&#7845;m.</p><p>&#272;i&#7873;u quan tr&#7885;ng l&#224; c&#7847;n &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o vi&#7879;c th&#7921;c h&#224;nh cho con b&#250; &#273;&#250;ng &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh nh&#7919;ng t&#7893;n th&#432;&#417;ng c&#243; th&#7875; g&#226;y ra. Trong r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p, n&#250;m v&#250; b&#7883; t&#7893;n th&#432;&#417;ng (do kh&#7899;p ng&#7853;m sai) r&#7845;t d&#7877; b&#7883; nhi&#7877;m n&#7845;m n&#7871;u nh&#432; c&#243; m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng thu&#7853;n l&#7907;i cho n&#7845;m ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n.</p><p><strong>A. D&#7845;u hi&#7879;u v&#224; tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng:</strong></p><p>&#272;&#7889;i v&#7899;i m&#7865;:</p><p>Vi&#7879;c ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n nhi&#7877;m n&#7845;m kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#250;c n&#224;o c&#361;ng d&#7877; d&#224;ng v&#236; nh&#236;n b&#234;n ngo&#224;i c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#244;ng c&#243; bi&#7875;u hi&#7879;n g&#236; c&#7843;. Tuy nhi&#234;n, n&#7871;u ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; l&#226;u nay v&#7851;n cho con b&#250; b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng, kh&#244;ng c&#243; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; g&#236;, m&#224; &#273;&#7897;t nhi&#234;n &#273;au n&#250;m v&#250; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng th&#236; c&#243; th&#7875; nghi ng&#7901; nhi&#7877;m Candida. Nhi&#7877;m n&#7845;m c&#243; th&#7875; k&#232;m theo c&#7843;m gi&#225;c b&#7887;ng r&#225;t v&#224; ng&#7913;a ng&#225;y &#7903; n&#250;m v&#250; v&#224; nh&#7919;ng c&#417;n &#273;au xung quanh qu&#7847;ng v&#250;. &nbsp;N&#7871;u d&#7845;u hi&#7879;u th&#7875; hi&#7879;n ra b&#234;n ngo&#224;i th&#236; c&#243; th&#7875; quan s&#225;t th&#7845;y v&#249;ng b&#7883; nhi&#7877;m n&#7845;m c&#243; m&#224;u h&#7891;ng t&#432;&#417;i, &#273;&#244;i khi c&#242;n k&#232;m nh&#7919;ng m&#7909;n n&#432;&#7899;c li ti.</p><p>Ngo&#224;i ra, c&#242;n c&#243; m&#7897;t s&#7889; d&#7845;u hi&#7879;u d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y:</p><p>Da kh&#244; (c&#243; v&#7849;y) ho&#7863;c b&#243;ng ho&#7863;c m&#7845;t m&#224;u tr&#234;n n&#250;m v&#250;/qu&#7847;ng th&#226;m (m&#224;u nh&#7907;t nh&#7841;t)</p><p>&#272;&#7889;i v&#7899;i b&#233;: M&#7843;ng b&#225;m tr&#7855;ng &#7903; trong hai b&#234;n m&#225;, l&#432;&#7905;i ho&#7863;c v&#242;m h&#7885;ng v&#224; kh&#244;ng lau/ch&#249;i s&#7841;ch &#273;&#432;&#7907;c (tr&#225;i v&#7899;i c&#7863;n s&#7919;a khi b&#250; m&#7865;). N&#7871;u c&#7889; g&#7855;ng lau s&#7841;ch mi&#7879;ng b&#233; c&#243; th&#7875; khi&#7871;n v&#249;ng da b&#7883; ch&#7843;y m&#225;u. B&#233; c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7883; h&#259;m t&#227; do n&#7845;m, v&#249;ng m&#7863;c t&#227; nh&#236;n s&#432;ng &#273;&#7887;, ph&#7847;n da m&#244;ng tr&#244;ng gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; b&#7883; b&#7887;ng.</p><p><strong>B. H&#7853;u qu&#7843;/t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c nhi&#7877;m n&#7845;m &#7903; c&#7843; m&#7865; l&#7851;n con:</strong></p><p>&#7902; m&#7865;: C&#7843;m gi&#225;c &#273;au bu&#7889;t v&#224; b&#7887;ng r&#225;t khi&#7871;n m&#7865; b&#7883; c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng, l&#224;m tr&#236; ho&#227;n ph&#7843;n x&#7841; xu&#7889;ng s&#7919;a, d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n gi&#7843;m s&#7919;a v&#236; con kh&#244;ng b&#250; tri&#7879;t &#273;&#7875;/c&#7841;n s&#7919;a.</p><p>&#7902; con: Khi b&#7883; nhi&#7877;m n&#7845;m mi&#7879;ng, t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; nh&#432; m&#7865;, con c&#361;ng c&#243; c&#7843;m gi&#225;c ng&#7913;a ng&#225;y kh&#243; ch&#7883;u v&#224; b&#7887;ng r&#225;t, kh&#244;ng b&#250; &#273;&#7911;, do &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng b&#250; t&#7889;i &#432;u, d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n gi&#7843;m c&#226;n.</p><h2><strong>III. T&#7892;NG H&#7906;P C&#193;C BI&#7878;N PH&#193;P CAN THI&#7878;P V&#192; &#272;I&#7872;U TR&#7882;</strong></h2><p>V&#236; t&#7871; b&#224;o n&#7845;m v&#224; t&#7871; b&#224;o ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; c&#7845;u tr&#250;c g&#7847;n gi&#7889;ng nhau, n&#234;n vi&#7879;c &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; n&#7845;m &#273;&#244;i khi kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; vi&#7879;c d&#7877; d&#224;ng cho t&#7845;t c&#7843; m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i. N&#7845;m r&#7845;t d&#7877; l&#226;y, c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#225;ng thu&#7889;c tr&#7883; n&#7845;m v&#224; do &#273;&#243; t&#225;i &#273;i t&#225;i l&#7841;i n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; tri&#7879;t &#273;&#7875;.</p><p><strong>C&#243; 4 y&#7871;u t&#7889; c&#7847;n xem x&#233;t khi &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; n&#7845;m</strong>, g&#7891;m c&#243;:</p><ol><li><p>V&#7879; sinh</p></li><li><p>Ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; &#259;n u&#7889;ng</p></li><li><p>B&#7893; sung vi ch&#7845;t k&#7871;t h&#7907;p v&#7899;i c&#225;c ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; t&#7921; nhi&#234;n</p></li><li><p>Thu&#7889;c</p></li></ol><p><strong>1. V&#7879; sinh:</strong></p><p>Candidiasis l&#224; m&#7897;t &#8216;b&#7879;nh gia &#273;&#236;nh&#8217; v&#236; n&#243; r&#7845;t d&#7877; l&#226;y qua s&#7921; ti&#7871;p x&#250;c g&#7847;n g&#361;i gi&#7919;a c&#225;c th&#224;nh vi&#234;n gia &#273;&#236;nh v&#7899;i nhau, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t nh&#7919;ng ti&#7871;p x&#250;c &#7903; c&#225;c v&#249;ng &#7845;m v&#224; &#7849;m c&#7911;a c&#417; th&#7875; ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; quan h&#7879; t&#236;nh d&#7909;c v&#224; cho con b&#250;.</p><p>&#272;&#7875; v&#250; kh&#244; tho&#225;ng t&#7921; nhi&#234;n, c&#7889; g&#7855;ng ph&#417;i tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p d&#432;&#7899;i n&#7855;ng v&#224;i ph&#250;t, hai l&#7847;n m&#7895;i ng&#224;y.</p><p>R&#7917;a tay s&#7841;ch s&#7869; - m&#7897;t vi&#7879;c &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n v&#224; r&#7845;t c&#417; b&#7843;n nh&#432;ng r&#7845;t d&#7877; l&#224;m &#8216;qua loa&#8217;. V&#236; th&#7871;, khi &#273;&#227; ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7865; v&#224; con b&#7883; nhi&#7877;m n&#7845;m, th&#236; <strong>t&#7845;t c&#7843; </strong>m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i trong gia &#273;&#236;nh &#273;&#7873;u ph&#7843;i c&#7847;n l&#432;u &#253; vi&#7879;c n&#224;y. R&#7917;a tay th&#7853;t c&#7849;n th&#7853;n sau khi thay t&#227; cho con, &#273;i v&#7879; sinh v&#224; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi &#259;n, r&#7917;a tay cho em b&#233; n&#7919;a.</p><p>D&#249;ng kh&#259;n ri&#234;ng cho m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i, v&#224; &#273;&#7875; ri&#234;ng, gi&#7863;t kh&#259;n &#7903; 60 &#273;&#7897; C &#273;&#7875; di&#7879;t n&#7845;m.</p><p>Gi&#7863;t qu&#7847;n &#225;o hay b&#7845;t k&#7923; v&#7853;t d&#7909;ng n&#224;o c&#243; ti&#7871;p x&#250;c v&#7899;i ch&#7895; nhi&#7877;m b&#7857;ng n&#432;&#7899;c n&#243;ng 60 &#273;&#7897; tr&#7903; l&#234;n. Th&#7853;m ch&#237; b&#224;n ch&#7843;i &#273;&#225;nh r&#259;ng c&#361;ng c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i thay, ho&#7863;c n&#7871;u m&#7865; trang &#273;i&#7875;m th&#236; c&#7847;n r&#7917;a lu&#244;n c&#7843; c&#7885; trang &#273;i&#7875;m ho&#7863;c t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t l&#224; thay m&#7899;i.</p><p>N&#7845;m ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n t&#7889;t &#7903; m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#7849;m &#432;&#7899;t v&#224; &#7845;m, do &#273;&#243; khi b&#7883; n&#7845;m th&#236; m&#7865; tr&#225;nh d&#249;ng mi&#7871;ng l&#243;t th&#7845;m s&#7919;a, ho&#7863;c n&#7871;u ph&#7843;i d&#249;ng th&#236; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng lo&#7841;i d&#249;ng m&#7897;t l&#7847;n s&#7869; t&#7889;t h&#417;n. Trong tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p kh&#244;ng c&#243; mi&#7871;ng l&#243;t d&#249;ng m&#7897;t l&#7847;n v&#224; ph&#7843;i d&#249;ng lo&#7841;i v&#7843;i th&#236; c&#7847;n thay v&#224; gi&#7863;t th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n &#7903; n&#432;&#7899;c n&#243;ng t&#7915; 60 &#273;&#7897; tr&#7903; l&#234;n. N&#234;n &#273;&#7875; cho n&#250;m v&#250; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c kh&#244; r&#225;o.</p><p>Thay &#225;o ng&#7921;c m&#7895;i ng&#224;y &#8211; v&#7843;i cotton l&#224; t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t &#8211; &#225;o thay ra c&#7847;n gi&#7863;t &#7903; nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897; cao &#273;&#7875; di&#7879;t n&#7845;m.</p><p>N&#7871;u m&#7865; h&#250;t s&#7919;a th&#236; c&#7847;n ti&#7879;t tr&#249;ng b&#236;nh s&#7919;a ngay sau m&#7895;i c&#7919; h&#250;t &#8211; k&#7875; c&#7843; b&#233; sinh &#273;&#7911; th&#225;ng &#8211; &#273;&#7875; di&#7879;t n&#7845;m.</p><p>&#272;&#7891; ch&#417;i c&#7911;a b&#233; c&#361;ng c&#7847;n d&#249;ng dung d&#7883;ch di&#7879;t khu&#7849;n &#273;&#7875; r&#7917;a, c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#7863;t &#273;&#7891; ch&#417;i m&#7873;m &#7903; nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897; cao n&#7871;u &#273;&#7891; ch&#417;i gi&#7863;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</p><p>N&#7845;m kh&#244;ng ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#7903; m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng acid, do &#273;&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; d&#249;ng &#189; - 1 cup d&#7845;m tr&#7855;ng cho v&#224;o &#273;&#7907;t x&#7843;/v&#7855;t cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng c&#7911;a m&#225;y gi&#7863;t, d&#7845;m c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c pha v&#224;o n&#432;&#7899;c t&#7855;m.</p><p><strong>2. Ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; &#259;n u&#7889;ng</strong></p><p>C&#7847;n h&#7841;n ch&#7871; c&#225;c th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m/&#273;&#7891; u&#7889;ng ch&#7913;a nhi&#7873;u &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224; tinh b&#7897;t v&#236; ch&#250;ng c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m cho t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng vi&#234;m nhi&#7877;m n&#7845;m n&#7863;ng h&#417;n. &#272;i&#7873;u tr&#249;ng h&#7907;p l&#224; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i hay b&#7883; nhi&#7877;m n&#7845;m l&#7841;i r&#7845;t th&#232;m &#273;&#7891; ng&#7885;t, n&#234;n &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; v&#7915;a l&#224; m&#7897;t th&#7917; th&#225;ch (ki&#234;ng &#273;&#7891; ng&#7885;t) &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i l&#224; c&#417; h&#7897;i (&#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; &#259;n u&#7889;ng l&#224;nh m&#7841;nh v&#224; c&#226;n b&#7857;ng h&#417;n). L&#432;u &#253; tr&#225;i c&#226;y v&#224; n&#432;&#7899;c &#233;p tr&#225;i c&#226;y c&#361;ng ch&#7913;a &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng.</p><p>M&#7897;t s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i nh&#7853;n th&#7845;y nh&#7919;ng th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m c&#243; ch&#7913;a men (yeast &#8211; c&#361;ng l&#224; m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i n&#7845;m) c&#243; th&#7875; khi&#7871;n t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng vi&#234;m n&#7845;m c&#7911;a h&#7885; l&#226;u h&#417;n ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; b&#225;nh m&#236;, c&#417;m r&#432;&#7907;u, ch&#7845;t u&#7889;ng c&#243; c&#7891;n, n&#7845;m (mushroom) v&#224; k&#7875; c&#7843; c&#225;c s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m t&#7915; s&#7919;a b&#242;.</p><p><em>V&#7873; chuy&#7879;n cho b&#233; b&#250; th&#236; sao? C&#243; 2 &#273;i&#7873;u c&#7847;n l&#432;u &#253;:</em></p><blockquote><p>1. &#272;&#226;y <strong>kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m &#273;&#7875; m&#7865; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c h&#250;t/v&#7855;t v&#224; tr&#7919; s&#7919;a</strong>, v&#236; s&#7919;a &#273;&#244;ng l&#7841;nh kh&#244;ng di&#7879;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c n&#7845;m v&#224; hai m&#7865; con s&#7869; b&#7883; t&#225;i nhi&#7877;m n&#7871;u d&#249;ng s&#7919;a tr&#7919; &#273;&#244;ng v&#7855;t trong th&#7901;i k&#7923; nhi&#7877;m n&#7845;m. Tuy nhi&#234;n, trong tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p m&#7865; &#273;ang c&#243; nhi&#7873;u s&#7919;a, con kh&#244;ng b&#250; h&#7871;t th&#236; h&#227;y ti&#7879;t tr&#249;ng s&#7919;a tr&#432;&#7899;c khi tr&#7919; &#273;&#244;ng.</p></blockquote><blockquote><p>2. &#272;&#226;y c&#224;ng <strong>kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m cho con b&#250; s&#7919;a c&#244;ng th&#7913;c &#273;&#7875; thay th&#7871;</strong>. Tuy n&#7845;m c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c trong s&#7919;a m&#7865;, nh&#432;ng trong s&#7919;a m&#7865; c&#243; c&#225;c ch&#7845;t l&#224;m h&#7841;n ch&#7871; s&#7921; sinh s&#244;i c&#7911;a n&#7845;m. H&#417;n n&#7919;a, <em>l&#432;&#7907;ng s&#7855;t c&#243; trong sct kh&#225; nhi&#7873;u v&#224; l&#224; m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng l&#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7875; n&#7845;m ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n</em>.</p></blockquote><p><strong>3. B&#7893; sung vi ch&#7845;t k&#7871;t h&#7907;p v&#7899;i c&#225;c ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; t&#7921; nhi&#234;n</strong></p><p>B&#7879;nh n&#7845;m th&#432;&#7901;ng x&#7843;y ra &#7903; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; stress ho&#7863;c c&#243; h&#7879; mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch suy y&#7871;u. Th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; stress l&#7841;i c&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng ti&#234;u d&#249;ng &#273;&#7891; ng&#7885;t ho&#7863;c &#273;&#7891; h&#7897;p, &#259;n u&#7889;ng thi&#7871;u l&#224;nh m&#7841;nh. Do &#273;&#243;, &#273;&#226;y l&#224; th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m m&#224; m&#7865; c&#7847;n xem l&#7841;i ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; &#259;n u&#7889;ng v&#224; qu&#7843;n l&#253; s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e tinh th&#7847;n. B&#225;c s&#297; Nhi khoa v&#224; &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i c&#361;ng l&#224; m&#7897;t Chuy&#234;n gia T&#432; v&#7845;n S&#7919;a m&#7865; Qu&#7889;c t&#7871; (IBCLC), Christina Smillie, xem Candida gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i flora (thu&#7897;c h&#7879; th&#7921;c v&#7853;t) b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224; vi&#7879;c &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; n&#234;n t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o vi&#7879;c c&#226;n b&#7857;ng l&#7841;i h&#7879; sinh th&#225;i c&#7911;a da &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; tr&#225;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c vi&#7879;c t&#225;i nhi&#7877;m nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n.</p><p><em><strong>Pha dung d&#7883;ch r&#7917;a n&#250;m v&#250;/v&#250;:</strong></em></p><p><em>C&#225;ch 1: </em>Pha 1 ph&#7847;n d&#7845;m/gi&#7845;m tr&#7855;ng ch&#432;ng c&#7845;t (distilled white vinegar &#8211; kh&#225;c v&#7899;i white vinegar l&#224; d&#7845;m tr&#7855;ng nh&#233;) v&#224;o 4 ph&#7847;n n&#432;&#7899;c &#7845;m ng&#226;m v&#250; sau m&#7895;i c&#7919; b&#250;.</p><p><em>C&#225;ch 2:</em> Cho 5ml (1 mu&#7895;ng c&#224; ph&#234;) sodium bicarbonate (baking soda &#8211; mu&#7889;i n&#7893;i) v&#224;o 240ml (1 cup n&#432;&#7899;c) v&#224; r&#7917;a m&#7897;t ho&#7863;c hai l&#7847;n m&#7895;i ng&#224;y.</p><p><em>C&#7849;n tr&#7885;ng:</em></p><p><em><strong>KH&#212;NG N&#202;N</strong></em> b&#244;i x&#7913;c th&#7843;o d&#432;&#7907;c ho&#7863;c tinh d&#7847;u l&#234;n n&#250;m v&#250; v&#236; t&#237;nh an to&#224;n c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m n&#224;y &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i em b&#233; ch&#432;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ki&#7875;m ch&#7913;ng, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; b&#233; d&#432;&#7899;i 3 th&#225;ng tu&#7893;i.</p><p><em>(*) Trong danh s&#225;ch LLL GB &#273;&#432;a ra c&#242;n c&#243; thu&#7889;c t&#7887;i kh&#244;ng m&#249;i. C&#225;c s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m &#7903; b&#7843;ng tr&#234;n &#273;&#226;y th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o d&#432;&#7899;i d&#7841;ng th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng. Tuy nhi&#234;n, c&#225;c b&#7841;n h&#227;y &#432;u ti&#234;n b&#7893; sung ch&#7845;t t&#7915; th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m t&#7921; nhi&#234;n. N&#7871;u quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh mua th&#236; h&#227;y t&#236;m hi&#7875;u ngu&#7891;n g&#7889;c s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m.</em></p><p><strong>4. Thu&#7889;c (T&#226;y d&#432;&#7907;c)</strong></p><p>Thu&#7889;c l&#224; th&#7913; t&#7921; cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng trong nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7873; ngh&#7883; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; nhi&#7877;m n&#7845;m. C&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; vi&#7879;c &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; b&#7857;ng thu&#7889;c s&#7869; gi&#7843;m hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n/k&#7871;t h&#7907;p v&#7899;i 3 y&#7871;u t&#7889; &#273;&#227; n&#234;u l&#224; V&#7879; sinh, Ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; &#259;n u&#7889;ng, B&#7893; sung vi ch&#7845;t k&#7871;t h&#7907;p v&#7899;i c&#225;c ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; t&#7921; nhi&#234;n.</p><p>D&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; th&#244;ng tin m&#7897;t s&#7889; lo&#7841;i thu&#7889;c &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; &#273;&#7873; ngh&#7883;:</p><p><strong>M&#7897;t s&#7889; l&#432;u &#253;:</strong></p><p>&#8226; MICONAZOLE (Daktarin Gel) &#273;&#432;&#7907;c khuy&#7871;n c&#225;o l&#224; thu&#7889;c &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; n&#7845;m &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n cho tr&#7867; d&#432;&#7899;i 2 tu&#7893;i. <em><strong>Tuy nhi&#234;n, nh&#224; s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t &#273;&#7873; ngh&#7883; kh&#244;ng s&#7917; d&#7909;ng cho tr&#7867; d&#432;&#7899;i 4 th&#225;ng do nguy c&#417; m&#7855;c ngh&#7865;n</strong></em>. B&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#7847;n c&#7855;t ng&#7855;n m&#243;ng tay v&#224; v&#7879; sinh s&#7841;ch s&#7869; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi b&#244;i cho b&#233;.</p><p>* NYSTATIN (Nystan): dung d&#7883;ch u&#7889;ng n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7873; ngh&#7883; l&#224; thu&#7889;c &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; n&#7845;m th&#7913; hai khi Miconazole kh&#244;ng hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; ho&#7863;c &#273;em l&#7841;i t&#225;c d&#7909;ng ph&#7909; kh&#244;ng mong mu&#7889;n. H&#227;y s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#250;ng li&#7873;u l&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c k&#234; toa b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch &#273;&#7893; ra mu&#7895;ng. Dung d&#7883;ch u&#7889;ng kh&#244;ng c&#243; t&#225;c d&#7909;ng khi b&#244;i l&#234;n da. M&#7897;t s&#7889; ch&#7911;ng n&#7845;m Candida tr&#7903; n&#234;n kh&#225;ng Nystatin.</p><p>C&#243; m&#7897;t &#273;&#7873; ngh&#7883; l&#224; n&#7871;u b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n &#273;&#7893;i ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p/thu&#7889;c &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; th&#236; tr&#432;&#7899;c h&#7871;t h&#227;y &#273;&#7893;i &#7903; m&#7897;t b&#234;n v&#250; th&#244;i, v&#224; xem h&#236;nh th&#7913;c/thu&#7889;c &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; m&#7899;i so v&#7899;i thu&#7889;c &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i c&#243; g&#236; thay &#273;&#7893;i/ti&#7871;n b&#7897; hay kh&#244;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c khi quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh s&#7917; d&#7909;ng m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883;/thu&#7889;c.</p><p>B&#7841;n &#273;&#227; &#225;p d&#7909;ng nh&#7919;ng g&#7907;i &#253; n&#224;o trong nh&#7919;ng g&#7907;i &#253; tr&#234;n &#273;&#226;y &#273;&#7875; tr&#7883; n&#7845;m v&#250;? Ho&#7863;c b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#244;ng tin hay kinh nghi&#7879;m n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; chia s&#7867; &#273;&#7875; x&#7917; l&#253; vi&#7879;c n&#224;y kh&#244;ng? H&#227;y nh&#7855;n tin cho m&#236;nh &#7903; <a href="https://www.facebook.com/webcuame">Fanpage</a> ho&#7863;c <a href="theactofservice@gmai.com">email </a>nh&#233;.</p><h3>T&#224;i li&#7879;u tham kh&#7843;o:</h3><p>1. <a href="https://www.laleche.org.uk/thrush/">Thrush and Breastfeeding</a> (LLLGB)&nbsp;</p><p>2. <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/antifungal-resistance.html">Antifungal Resistance</a> (CDC)</p><p>3. Wambach and Spencer, Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (6<sup>th</sup> Edition, 2021), Jones &amp; Bartlett Learning</p><p>4. Hale's Medications &amp; Mothers' Milk&#8482; 2021, Kindle version</p><p>5. All Purpose Nipple Ointment (APNO), Canadian Breastfeeding Foundation, 2009.</p><p>6. <a href="http://www.differencebetween.net/object/comparisons-of-food-items/difference-between-white-and-distilled-vinegar/">Difference Between White and Distilled vinegar</a></p><p>7. The dietary modification and treatment of intestinal Candida overgrowth &#8211; a pilot study (S Ota&#353;evi&#263;,S Mom&#269;ilovi&#263;,M Petrovi&#263;,O Radulovi&#263;,N M Stojanovi&#263;,V Arsi&#263;-Arsenijevi&#263;) <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycmed.2018.08.002">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycmed.2018.08.002</a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Những hậu của của việc để bé khóc lâu]]></title><description><![CDATA[Ngu&#7891;n: Dr Sears]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/nhung-hau-cua-cua-viec-e-be-khoc</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/nhung-hau-cua-cua-viec-e-be-khoc</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 11 Dec 2018 08:28:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aC6H!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e6255bd-dec9-41c0-96ca-04558e31eb82_533x400.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hWUK!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F076abe71-dbf7-4cdc-a072-147cf8df28e6_600x297.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hWUK!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F076abe71-dbf7-4cdc-a072-147cf8df28e6_600x297.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hWUK!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F076abe71-dbf7-4cdc-a072-147cf8df28e6_600x297.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hWUK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F076abe71-dbf7-4cdc-a072-147cf8df28e6_600x297.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hWUK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F076abe71-dbf7-4cdc-a072-147cf8df28e6_600x297.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hWUK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F076abe71-dbf7-4cdc-a072-147cf8df28e6_600x297.jpeg" width="600" height="297" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/076abe71-dbf7-4cdc-a072-147cf8df28e6_600x297.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:297,&quot;width&quot;:600,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:18475,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hWUK!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F076abe71-dbf7-4cdc-a072-147cf8df28e6_600x297.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hWUK!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F076abe71-dbf7-4cdc-a072-147cf8df28e6_600x297.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hWUK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F076abe71-dbf7-4cdc-a072-147cf8df28e6_600x297.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hWUK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F076abe71-dbf7-4cdc-a072-147cf8df28e6_600x297.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Ngu&#7891;n: Dr Sears</p></blockquote><p>D&#7883;ch v&#224; hi&#7879;u &#273;&#237;nh: Nguyen Dao</p><p>Ghi ch&#250;: D&#432;&#7899;i b&#224;i d&#7883;ch l&#224; danh s&#225;ch c&#225;c ngu&#7891;n tham kh&#7843;o &#273;&#7875; c&#225;c b&#7841;n t&#236;m hi&#7875;u th&#234;m. Em b&#233; kh&#243;c l&#226;u c&#243; h&#7841;i kh&#244;ng?</p><p>Khoa h&#7885;c n&#243;i r&#7857;ng khi em b&#233; b&#7883; &#273;&#7875; cho kh&#243;c m&#7897;t m&#236;nh m&#224; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng th&#236; c&#225;c b&#233; tr&#7843;i qua n&#7895;i s&#7907; h&#227;i v&#224; lo l&#7855;ng. Khi c&#7889; g&#7855;ng hi&#7875;u l&#224; li&#7879;u vi&#7879;c kh&#243;c l&#226;u c&#243; h&#7841;i cho em b&#233; hay kh&#244;ng, h&#227;y ngh&#297; &#273;&#7871;n th&#7921;c t&#7871; l&#224; c&#225;c hormone stress l&#224; Adrenaline v&#224; Cortisol &#273;ang l&#234;n cao &#7903; n&#227;o v&#224; c&#417; th&#7875; b&#233; v&#224; khi c&#225;c m&#244; n&#227;o &#273;ang ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#7911;a b&#233; ti&#7871;p x&#250;c l&#226;u v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng hormone c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng n&#224;y th&#236; nh&#7919;ng d&#226;y th&#7847;n kinh s&#7869; kh&#244;ng thi&#7871;t l&#7853;p k&#7871;t n&#7889;i v&#7899;i nhau v&#224; s&#7869; b&#7883; tho&#225;i h&#243;a.</p><p>V&#236; th&#7871; c&#243; ph&#7843;i l&#224; nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; ph&#7843;i ch&#7883;u &#273;&#7921;ng nhi&#7873;u &#273;&#234;m ho&#7863;c nhi&#7873;u tu&#7847;n b&#7883; b&#7887; m&#7863;c cho kh&#243;c th&#7921;c ra &#273;ang g&#225;nh ch&#7883;u nh&#7919;ng h&#7853;u qu&#7843; t&#7893;n h&#7841;i v&#7873; th&#7847;n kinh m&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7883; t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng v&#297;nh vi&#7877;n &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i s&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng b&#7897; ph&#7853;n c&#7911;a n&#227;o b&#7897; ch&#250;ng kh&#244;ng?</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2018/12/baba-800-x-600.jpg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aC6H!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e6255bd-dec9-41c0-96ca-04558e31eb82_533x400.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aC6H!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e6255bd-dec9-41c0-96ca-04558e31eb82_533x400.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aC6H!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e6255bd-dec9-41c0-96ca-04558e31eb82_533x400.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aC6H!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e6255bd-dec9-41c0-96ca-04558e31eb82_533x400.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aC6H!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e6255bd-dec9-41c0-96ca-04558e31eb82_533x400.jpeg" width="533" height="400" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4e6255bd-dec9-41c0-96ca-04558e31eb82_533x400.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:400,&quot;width&quot;:533,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2018/12/baba-800-x-600.jpg&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aC6H!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e6255bd-dec9-41c0-96ca-04558e31eb82_533x400.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aC6H!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e6255bd-dec9-41c0-96ca-04558e31eb82_533x400.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aC6H!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e6255bd-dec9-41c0-96ca-04558e31eb82_533x400.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aC6H!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e6255bd-dec9-41c0-96ca-04558e31eb82_533x400.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>B&#7887; m&#7863;c cho kh&#243;c l&#224; r&#232;n luy&#7879;n hay h&#224;nh h&#7841; tr&#7867; th&#417;?</p><p>D&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; nh&#7919;ng tr&#7843; l&#7901;i khoa h&#7885;c cho c&#226;u h&#7887;i li&#7879;u vi&#7879;c &#273;&#7875; m&#7863;c cho tr&#7867; em kh&#243;c l&#226;u c&#243; h&#7841;i hay kh&#244;ng:</p><p><strong>S&#7920; M&#7844;T C&#194;N &#272;&#7888;I C&#193;C CH&#7844;T V&#192; HORMONE TRONG N&#195;O</strong></p><ul><li><p>Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u cho th&#7845;y nh&#7919;ng tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh b&#7883; th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n t&#225;ch kh&#7887;i cha m&#7865; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng c&#243; m&#7913;c cortisol (hormone stress) cao b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng, c&#361;ng nh&#432; hormone t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng b&#7883; h&#7841; th&#7845;p. Vi&#7879;c m&#7845;t c&#226;n &#273;&#7889;i n&#224;y ng&#259;n c&#7843;n s&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#225;c m&#244; th&#7847;n kinh trong n&#227;o, &#7913;c ch&#7871; s&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n v&#224; l&#224;m suy gi&#7843;m h&#7879; mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch. (xem th&#234;m ngu&#7891;n tham kh&#7843;o: 5, 9, 11, 16)</p></li><li><p>C&#225;c nh&#224; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u t&#7841;i Tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7841;i h&#7885;c Yale v&#224; Tr&#432;&#7901;ng Y khoa Harvard ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n r&#7857;ng s&#7921; c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng qu&#225; m&#7913;c &#7903; nh&#7919;ng n&#259;m &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#7901;i c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m thay &#273;&#7893;i c&#225;c h&#7879; th&#7889;ng d&#7851;n truy&#7873;n th&#7847;n kinh v&#224; g&#226;y ra nh&#7919;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i v&#7873; m&#7863;t ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng v&#224; c&#7845;u tr&#250;c c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng v&#249;ng trong n&#227;o t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; nh&#432; th&#7845;y &#7903; n&#227;o c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n b&#7883; tr&#7847;m c&#7843;m. (xem th&#234;m ngu&#7891;n tham kh&#7843;o: 17)</p></li><li><p>M&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u cho th&#7845;y tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n tr&#7843;i qua nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7907;t kh&#243;c dai d&#7859;ng th&#236; c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng b&#7883; ADHD (ch&#7913;ng t&#259;ng &#273;&#7897;ng gi&#7843;m ch&#250; &#253; &#7903; tr&#7867;) g&#7845;p 10 l&#7847;n c&#249;ng v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c h&#7885;c k&#233;m v&#224; nh&#7919;ng h&#224;nh vi ch&#7889;ng ph&#225; x&#227; h&#7897;i. C&#225;c nh&#224; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n r&#7857;ng nh&#7919;ng g&#236; h&#7885; t&#236;m ra c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; do cha m&#7865; c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; n&#224;y c&#243; th&#225;i &#273;&#7897; &#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng thi&#7871;u th&#7889;n v&#7899;i con c&#225;i c&#7911;a h&#7885;. (xem th&#234;m ngu&#7891;n tham kh&#7843;o: 14)</p></li><li><p>Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#7911;a Ti&#7871;n s&#297; Bruce Berry t&#7841;i Tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7841;i h&#7885;c Baylor c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y. &#212;ng th&#7845;y r&#7857;ng khi s&#7921; c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng kinh ni&#234;n b&#7883; k&#237;ch th&#237;ch qu&#225; m&#7913;c th&#236; th&#226;n n&#227;o (brain stem, ph&#7847;n n&#227;o &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh vi&#7879;c s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t Adrenaline), v&#224; nh&#7919;ng b&#7897; ph&#7853;n n&#227;o ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n nh&#7901; vi&#7879;c ti&#7871;p x&#250;c v&#7873; th&#7875; ch&#7845;t v&#224; t&#236;nh c&#7843;m b&#7883; b&#7887; m&#7863;c (ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; khi em b&#233; th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n b&#7883; b&#7887; m&#7863;c kh&#243;c m&#7897;t m&#236;nh), th&#236; &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; s&#7869; l&#7899;n l&#234;n v&#7899;i m&#7897;t h&#7879; th&#7889;ng adrenaline n&#259;ng &#273;&#7897;ng qu&#225; m&#7913;c. M&#7897;t &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; nh&#432; v&#7853;y c&#243; th&#7875; d&#7877; b&#7883; k&#237;ch &#273;&#7897;ng, b&#7889;c &#273;&#7891;ng v&#224; b&#7841;o l&#7921;c sau n&#224;y b&#7903;i v&#236; th&#226;n n&#227;o th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n ti&#7871;t ra adrenaline v&#224; nh&#7919;ng hormones c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng kh&#225;c v&#224;o nh&#7919;ng th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m kh&#244;ng ph&#249; h&#7907;p. (xem th&#234;m ngu&#7891;n tham kh&#7843;o: 6)</p></li><li><p>Ti&#7871;n s&#297; Allan Schore c&#7911;a tr&#432;&#7901;ng Y Khoa UCLA &#273;&#227; cho th&#7845;y r&#7857;ng cortisol, m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i hormone stress (ti&#7871;t ra trong n&#227;o khi kh&#243;c trong c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng v&#224; nh&#7919;ng s&#7921; ki&#7879;n g&#226;y c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng kh&#225;c) th&#7921;c ra h&#7911;y ho&#7841;i nh&#7919;ng k&#7871;t n&#7889;i th&#7847;n kinh &#7903; nh&#7919;ng b&#7897; ph&#7853;n c&#7921;c k&#7923; quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7911;a b&#7897; n&#227;o &#273;ang ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#7911;a em b&#233;. Ngo&#224;i ra, khi nh&#7919;ng ph&#7847;n n&#227;o &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh c&#7843;m x&#250;c v&#224; g&#7855;n b&#243; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c k&#237;ch th&#237;ch &#7903; th&#7901;i k&#7923; s&#417; sinh (gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; x&#7843;y ra khi em b&#233; th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n b&#7883; b&#7887; m&#7863;c) th&#236; nh&#7919;ng ph&#7847;n n&#227;o b&#7897; n&#224;y s&#7869; kh&#244;ng ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. H&#7853;u qu&#7843; l&#224; vi&#7879;c n&#224;y s&#7869; t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; c&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng b&#7841;o l&#7921;c, b&#7889;c &#273;&#7891;ng v&#224; l&#7841;nh l&#249;ng. &#212;ng k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n r&#7857;ng s&#7921; nh&#7841;y c&#7843;m v&#224; &#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng c&#7911;a cha m&#7865; (&#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i con c&#225;i) k&#237;ch th&#237;ch v&#224; &#273;&#7883;nh h&#236;nh nh&#7919;ng k&#7871;t n&#7889;i th&#7847;n kinh &#7903; nh&#7919;ng ph&#7847;n tr&#7885;ng y&#7871;u &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; &#273;i&#7873;u khi&#7875;n s&#7921; g&#7855;n k&#7871;t v&#224; c&#7843;m x&#250;c c&#7911;a b&#7897; n&#227;o. ((xem th&#234;m ngu&#7891;n tham kh&#7843;o: 7, 8)</p></li></ul><p><strong>PH&#193;T TRI&#7874;N V&#7872; X&#195; H&#7896;I, T&#204;NH C&#7842;M V&#192; TR&#205; TU&#7878; B&#7882; SUY GI&#7842;M</strong></p><ul><li><p>Chuy&#234;n gia ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n S&#417; sinh, Ti&#7871;n s&#297; Michael Lewis, theo b&#225;o c&#225;o ghi nh&#7853;n nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u t&#7841;i m&#7897;t cu&#7897;c h&#7885;p c&#7911;a Vi&#7879;n H&#224;n L&#226;m Nhi Khoa Hoa K&#7923;, k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n r&#7857;ng &#8220;&#272;i&#7873;u &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a s&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n v&#7873; tr&#237; tu&#7879; c&#7911;a m&#7897;t &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; l&#224; s&#7921; &#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng d&#7845;u hi&#7879;u c&#7911;a con m&#236;nh.&#8221;</p></li><li><p>C&#225;c nh&#224; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#273;&#227; ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n r&#7857;ng nh&#7919;ng em b&#233; th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n b&#7883; l&#417; l&#224; khi kh&#243;c s&#7869; kh&#244;ng ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng k&#7929; n&#259;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i v&#224; tr&#237; tu&#7879; l&#224;nh m&#7841;nh. (xem th&#234;m ngu&#7891;n tham kh&#7843;o: 19)</p></li><li><p>Ti&#7871;n s&#297; Rao v&#224; &#273;&#7891;ng nghi&#7879;p t&#7841;i Vi&#7879;n S&#7913;c kh&#7887;e Qu&#7889;c gia cho th&#7845;y r&#7857;ng nh&#7919;ng tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh kh&#243;c l&#226;u (nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i do b&#7883; ch&#7913;ng &#273;au b&#7909;ng) trong 3 th&#225;ng &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#7901;i c&#243; &#273;i&#7875;m IQ trung b&#236;nh th&#7845;p h&#417;n 9 &#273;i&#7875;m khi 5 tu&#7893;i. K&#7929; n&#259;ng v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng tinh (fine motor skill) c&#7911;a c&#225;c b&#233; c&#361;ng ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n k&#233;m. (xem th&#234;m ngu&#7891;n tham kh&#7843;o: 2)</p></li><li><p>C&#225;c nh&#224; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u t&#7841;i c&#225;c tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7841;i h&#7885;c t&#7841;i Ti&#7875;u bang Pennylvania v&#224; Arizona t&#236;m ra r&#7857;ng nh&#7919;ng tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh kh&#243;c qu&#225; nhi&#7873;u trong nh&#7919;ng th&#225;ng &#273;&#7847;u g&#7863;p nhi&#7873;u kh&#243; kh&#259;n h&#417;n trong vi&#7879;c &#273;i&#7873;u khi&#7875;n c&#7843;m x&#250;c c&#7911;a m&#236;nh v&#224; tr&#7903; n&#234;n qu&#7845;y h&#417;n khi cha m&#7865; c&#7889; g&#7855;ng d&#7895; d&#224;nh v&#224;o 10 th&#225;ng tu&#7893;i (xem th&#234;m ngu&#7891;n tham kh&#7843;o: 15)</p></li><li><p>Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u kh&#225;c &#273;&#227; cho th&#7845;y nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; n&#224;y kh&#243;c dai h&#417;n, ban ng&#224;y th&#236; b&#225;m h&#417;n v&#224; m&#7845;t th&#7901;i gian l&#226;u h&#417;n &#273;&#7875; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; &#273;&#7897;c l&#7853;p (xem th&#234;m ngu&#7891;n tham kh&#7843;o: 1)</p></li></ul><p><strong>NH&#7918;NG THAY &#272;&#7892;I C&#211; H&#7840;I V&#7872; M&#7862;T SINH L&#221;</strong></p><ul><li><p>Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#7873; &#273;&#7897;ng v&#7853;t v&#224; con ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#227; ch&#7881; ra r&#7857;ng khi b&#7883; c&#225;ch ly kh&#7887;i cha m&#7865; th&#236; tr&#7867; nh&#7887; c&#243; th&#226;n nhi&#7879;t b&#7845;t &#7893;n, nh&#7883;p tim kh&#244;ng &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh v&#224; gi&#7843;m gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; REM (ng&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng, giai &#273;o&#7841;n ng&#7911; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n n&#227;o) (xem th&#234;m ngu&#7891;n tham kh&#7843;o: 10, 12, 13)</p></li><li><p>Ti&#7871;n s&#297; Brazy t&#7841;i Tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#272;&#7841;i h&#7885;c Duke, v&#224; Ludinton-Hoe c&#249;ng &#273;&#7891;ng nghi&#7879;p t&#7841;i Tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#272;&#7841;i h&#7885;c Case Western, trong 2 nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u ri&#234;ng bi&#7879;t, &#273;&#227; cho th&#7845;y r&#7857;ng vi&#7879;c em b&#233; kh&#243;c l&#226;u l&#224;m cho huy&#7871;t &#225;p n&#227;o, hormone stress t&#259;ng nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o, m&#225;u n&#227;o b&#7883; ng&#259;n tr&#7903; v&#224; oxi l&#234;n n&#227;o b&#7883; h&#7841; nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o. H&#7885; k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n r&#7857;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#259;m s&#243;c tr&#7867; n&#234;n tr&#7843; l&#7901;i ti&#7871;ng kh&#243;c c&#7911;a b&#233; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch nhanh ch&#243;ng, ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#224; to&#224;n di&#7879;n (xem th&#234;m ngu&#7891;n tham kh&#7843;o: 3, 4)</p></li></ul><p>C&#225;c ngu&#7891;n tham kh&#7843;o:</p><ol><li><p>P. Heron, &#8220;Non-Reactive Cosleeping and Child Behavior: Getting a Good Night&#8217;s Sleep All Night, Every Night,&#8221; Master&#8217;s thesis, Department of Psychology, University of Bristol, 1994.</p></li><li><p>M R Rao, et al; Long Term Cognitive Development in Children with Prolonged Crying, National Institutes of Health, Archives of Disease in Childhood 2004; 89:989-992.</p></li><li><p>J pediatrics 1988 Brazy, J E. Mar 112 (3): 457-61. Duke University</p></li><li><p>Ludington-Hoe SM, Case Western U, Neonatal Network 2002 Mar; 21(2): 29-36</p></li><li><p>Butler, S R, et al. Maternal Behavior as a Regulator of Polyamine Biosynthesis in Brain and Heart of Developing Rat Pups. Science 1978, 199:445-447.</p></li><li><p>Perry, B. (1997), &#8220;Incubated in Terror: Neurodevelopmental Factors in the Cycle of Violence,&#8221; Children in a Violent Society, Guilford Press, New York.</p></li><li><p>Schore, A.N. (1996), &#8220;The Experience-Dependent Maturation of a Regulatory System in the Orbital Prefrontal Cortex and the Origen of Developmental Psychopathology,&#8221; Development and Psychopathology 8: 59 &#8211; 87.</p></li><li><p>Karr-Morse, R, Wiley, M. Interview With Dr. Allan Schore, Ghosts From the Nursery, 1997, pg 200.</p></li><li><p>Kuhn, C M, et al. Selective Depression of Serum Growth Hormone During Maternal Deprivation in Rat Pups. Science 1978, 201:1035-1036.</p></li><li><p>Hollenbeck, A R, et al. Children with Serious Illness: Behavioral Correlates of Separation and Solution. Child Psychiatry and Human Development 1980, 11:3-11.</p></li><li><p>Coe, C L, et al. Endocrine and Immune Responses to Separation and Maternal Loss in Non-Human Primates. The Psychology of Attachment and Separation, ed. M Reite and T Fields, 1985. Pg. 163-199. New York: Academic Press.</p></li><li><p>Rosenblum and Moltz, The Mother-Infant Interaction as a Regulator of Infant Physiology and Behavior. In Symbiosis in Parent-Offspring Interactions, New York: Plenum, 1983.</p></li><li><p>Hofer, M and H. Shair, Control of Sleep-Wake States in the Infant Rat by Features of the Mother-Infant Relationship. Developmental Psychobiology, 1982, 15:229-243.</p></li><li><p>Wolke, D, et al, Persistent Infant Crying and Hyperactivity Problems in Middle Childhood, Pediatrics, 2002; 109:1054-1060.</p></li><li><p>Stifter and Spinrad, The Effect of Excessive Crying on the Development of Emotion Regulation, Infancy, 2002; 3(2), 133-152.</p></li><li><p>Ahnert L, et al, Transition to Child Care: Associations with Infant-mother Attachment, Infant Negative Emotion, and Cortisol Elevations, Child Development, 2004, May-June; 75(3):649-650.</p></li><li><p>Kaufman J, Charney D. Effects of Early Stress on Brain Structure and Function: Implications for Understanding the Relationship Between Child Maltreatment and Depression, Developmental Psychopathology, 2001 Summer; 13(3):451-471.</p></li><li><p>Teicher MH et al, The Neurobiological Consequences of Early Stress and Childhood Maltreatment, Neuroscience Biobehavior Review 2003, Jan-Mar; 27(1-2):33-44.</p></li><li><p>Leiberman, A. F., &amp; Zeanah, H., Disorders of Attachment in Infancy, Infant Psychiatry 1995, 4:571-587.</p></li></ol>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Bệnh viêm da Eczema (Phần 2_Điều trị)]]></title><description><![CDATA[Vi&#7879;c &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; Eczema c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#7843;i c&#7847;n nhi&#7873;u ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p kh&#225;c nhau &#273;&#7875; kh&#7889;ng ch&#7871; b&#7879;nh.]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/benh-viem-da-eczema-phan-2_ieu-tri</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/benh-viem-da-eczema-phan-2_ieu-tri</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 30 Mar 2016 07:48:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e58I!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b5b37ef-07e7-4b3a-8559-96659f267b88_600x367.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e58I!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b5b37ef-07e7-4b3a-8559-96659f267b88_600x367.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e58I!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b5b37ef-07e7-4b3a-8559-96659f267b88_600x367.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e58I!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b5b37ef-07e7-4b3a-8559-96659f267b88_600x367.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e58I!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b5b37ef-07e7-4b3a-8559-96659f267b88_600x367.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e58I!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b5b37ef-07e7-4b3a-8559-96659f267b88_600x367.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e58I!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b5b37ef-07e7-4b3a-8559-96659f267b88_600x367.jpeg" width="600" height="367" 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e58I!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b5b37ef-07e7-4b3a-8559-96659f267b88_600x367.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e58I!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b5b37ef-07e7-4b3a-8559-96659f267b88_600x367.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e58I!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b5b37ef-07e7-4b3a-8559-96659f267b88_600x367.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Vi&#7879;c &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; Eczema c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#7843;i c&#7847;n nhi&#7873;u ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p kh&#225;c nhau &#273;&#7875; kh&#7889;ng ch&#7871; b&#7879;nh. Nh&#432; &#273;&#227; tr&#236;nh b&#224;y &#7903; ph&#7847;n 1, hi&#7879;n nay ch&#432;a c&#243; ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; d&#7913;t &#273;i&#7875;m b&#7879;nh n&#224;y m&#224; ch&#7881; c&#243; nh&#7919;ng c&#225;ch ng&#259;n ng&#7915;a tr&#432;&#7899;c khi Eczema n&#7893;i l&#234;n v&#224; kh&#7889;ng ch&#7871; khi da b&#7883; vi&#234;m t&#7845;y. V&#236; v&#7853;y, ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; chia th&#224;nh 2 ph&#7847;n: ph&#242;ng ng&#7915;a m&#7895;i ng&#224;y v&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; khi da n&#7893;i Eczema. </p><p><strong>I. PH&#210;NG NG&#7914;A M&#7894;I NG&#192;Y</strong> </p><p>V&#236; da c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; Eczema thi&#7871;u &#273;&#7897; &#7849;m ho&#7863;c kh&#244;ng gi&#7919; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7897; &#7849;m l&#226;u n&#234;n quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t l&#224; gi&#7919; cho da lu&#244;n c&#243; &#273;&#7897; &#7849;m c&#226;n b&#7857;ng. M&#7897;t s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i cho r&#7857;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; Eczema kh&#244;ng n&#234;n t&#7855;m m&#7895;i ng&#224;y v&#236; s&#7869; l&#224;m da m&#7845;t &#273;&#7897; &#7849;m, nh&#432;ng th&#7921;c ra kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i nh&#432; v&#7853;y! Em b&#233; b&#7883; Eczema c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7855;m m&#7895;i ng&#224;y b&#7857;ng n&#432;&#7899;c m&#225;t (kh&#244;ng qu&#225; 30 &#273;&#7897; C) &#273;&#7875; da &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7841;ch s&#7869;, t&#7871; b&#224;o ch&#7871;t tr&#244;i &#273;i &#273;&#7875; vi khu&#7849;n kh&#244;ng c&#243; c&#417; h&#7897;i ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n; &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i c&#7847;n tr&#225;nh nh&#7919;ng t&#225;c nh&#226;n k&#237;ch &#7913;ng (n&#243;ng, kh&#244;, v&#224; ch&#226;m ch&#237;ch). </p><p>Tr&#7867; b&#7883; Eczema th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#243; da r&#7845;t kh&#244;, l&#224;m cho da c&#224;ng ng&#7913;a ng&#225;y h&#417;n. Khi ng&#7913;a b&#233; s&#7869; g&#227;i, da b&#7883; tr&#7847;y x&#432;&#7899;c s&#7869; b&#7883; vi&#234;m t&#7845;y v&#224; l&#224;m cho t&#236;nh h&#236;nh n&#7863;ng h&#417;n. Do &#273;&#243;, c&#7847;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng kem d&#432;&#7905;ng &#7849;m &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh l&#224;m da b&#7883; kh&#244;. &#272;&#226;y ch&#237;nh l&#224; b&#432;&#7899;c c&#7921;c k&#7923; quan tr&#7885;ng trong vi&#7879;c kh&#7889;ng ch&#7871; Eczema. Kem d&#432;&#7905;ng &#7849;m c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng m&#7897;t m&#236;nh, ho&#7863;c d&#249;ng k&#232;m khi x&#7913;c cortisone ho&#7863;c qu&#7845;n &#432;&#7899;t (wet dressing). M&#7865; c&#7847;n x&#7913;c kem &#7849;m cho b&#233; t&#7915; ba &#273;&#7871;n n&#259;m l&#7847;n m&#7895;i ng&#224;y, t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u t&#7899;i ch&#226;n. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; vi&#7879;c n&#234;n l&#224;m m&#7895;i ng&#224;y nh&#432; &#273;&#225;nh r&#259;ng r&#7917;a m&#7863;t v&#7853;y. <em>C&#225;c s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m d&#432;&#7905;ng &#7849;m c&#417; b&#7843;n chia th&#224;nh 3 lo&#7841;i nh&#432; sau:</em> <strong>Ointment</strong> (cao) l&#224; m&#7897;t d&#7841;ng d&#7847;u &#273;&#7863;c (semi-solid) gi&#250;p d&#432;&#7905;ng &#7849;m cho da. Ngo&#224;i petroleum jelly ch&#7881; c&#243; m&#7897;t th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n duy nh&#7845;t, nh&#7919;ng lo&#7841;i ointment kh&#225;c th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#243; ch&#7913;a m&#7897;t &#237;t n&#432;&#7899;c ho&#7863;c c&#225;c th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n kh&#225;c gi&#250;p cho ointment d&#7877; thoa tr&#234;n da h&#417;n. Tuy n&#243; gi&#250;p da gi&#7919; &#273;&#7897; &#7849;m l&#226;u h&#417;n nh&#432;ng &#237;t ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#237;ch v&#236; n&#243; l&#224;m cho da b&#243;ng nh&#7851;y. <strong>Cream</strong> (kem) l&#224; m&#7897;t h&#7895;n h&#7907;p &#273;&#7863;c nh&#432;ng &#237;t ch&#7913;a d&#7847;u h&#417;n ointment, l&#224;m cho da &#237;t b&#7883; b&#243;ng b&#7849;y h&#417;n khi thoa. C&#7849;n tr&#7885;ng: kem th&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#7913;a ch&#7845;t &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh (stabilisers) ch&#7845;t b&#7843;o qu&#7843;n (preservatives) &#273;&#7875; gi&#250;p c&#225;c th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n ch&#237;nh kh&#244;ng b&#7883; t&#225;ch ra nh&#432;ng nh&#7919;ng ch&#7845;t n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; g&#226;y k&#237;ch &#7913;ng ho&#7863;c th&#7853;m ch&#237; l&#224; g&#226;y d&#7883; &#7913;ng cho m&#7897;t s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i. Do &#273;&#243;, m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i kem c&#243; th&#7875; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#224;y nh&#432;ng c&#243; th&#7875; g&#226;y d&#7883; &#7913;ng/k&#237;ch &#7913;ng cho ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c. <strong>Lotion</strong> (n&#432;&#7899;c d&#432;&#7905;ng) l&#224; h&#7895;n h&#7897;p g&#7891;m d&#7847;u v&#224; n&#432;&#7899;c, nh&#432;ng n&#432;&#7899;c l&#224; th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n ch&#237;nh. H&#7847;u h&#7871;t c&#225;c lo&#7841;i n&#432;&#7899;c d&#432;&#7905;ng &#273;&#7873;u kh&#244;ng ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i da kh&#244; v&#236; n&#432;&#7899;c b&#7889;c h&#417;i kh&#225; nhanh. <em>V&#7853;y nh&#7919;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m d&#432;&#7905;ng &#7849;m n&#224;o an to&#224;n cho da b&#7883; Eczema?</em> Vi&#7879;c d&#432;&#7905;ng &#7849;m da kh&#244;ng n&#234;n xem nh&#432; l&#224; ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; Eczema m&#224; l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p gi&#7919; &#273;&#7897; &#7849;m v&#224; ph&#242;ng tr&#225;nh eczema. T&#7913;c l&#224; c&#7847;n d&#432;&#7905;ng &#7849;m da m&#7895;i ng&#224;y, gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; ta c&#7847;n v&#7879; sinh r&#259;ng mi&#7879;ng m&#7895;i ng&#224;y &#273;&#7875; ch&#7889;ng s&#226;u r&#259;ng nh&#432;ng khi r&#259;ng c&#243; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; th&#236; c&#7847;n &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c v&#7879; sinh r&#259;ng. </p><p>N&#234;n ch&#7885;n c&#225;c s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#224;ng &#237;t th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n c&#224;ng t&#7889;t, theo Hi&#7879;p h&#7897;i Eczema Qu&#7889;c gia c&#7911;a Hoa K&#7923; th&#236; Petroleum jelly v&#224; Mineral oil (d&#7847;u kho&#225;ng, lo&#7841;i kh&#244;ng c&#243; ch&#7845;t ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c) l&#224; hai trong nh&#7919;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m an to&#224;n nh&#7845;t. C&#225;c s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m t&#7855;m g&#7897;i cho ch&#7845;t t&#7849;y r&#7917;a ho&#7863;c x&#224; ph&#242;ng c&#7847;n tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i tr&#225;nh d&#249;ng cho ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; Eczema. B&#233; b&#7883; Eczema n&#234;n t&#7855;m &#237;t nh&#7845;t m&#7895;i ng&#224;y m&#7897;t l&#7847;n b&#7857;ng n&#432;&#7899;c kh&#244;ng qu&#225; n&#243;ng (kh&#244;ng qu&#225; 30 &#273;&#7897; C) v&#7899;i m&#7897;t &#237;t d&#7847;u (oil), ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; olive oil (d&#7847;u oliu). M&#7895;i l&#7847;n t&#7855;m kh&#244;ng qu&#225; 10 ph&#250;t v&#224; sau khi t&#7855;m xong th&#236; l&#7845;y kh&#259;n m&#7873;m b&#7857;ng cotton th&#7845;m nh&#7865; v&#224;o ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#233; &#273;&#7875; cho da kh&#244; r&#225;o, tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i kh&#244;ng ch&#224; x&#225;t l&#224;m da b&#7883; k&#237;ch &#7913;ng. Sau khi t&#7855;m xong, l&#7853;p t&#7913;c thoa s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m d&#432;&#7905;ng &#7849;m l&#234;n cho b&#233; (t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t l&#224; trong v&#242;ng 3 ph&#250;t &#273;&#7875; gi&#7919; l&#7841;i m&#7897;t &#237;t n&#432;&#7899;c trong da b&#233;, gi&#250;p da &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#7849;m l&#226;u h&#417;n). </p><p><strong>II. &#272;I&#7872;U TR&#7882; KHI DA N&#7892;I ECZEMA</strong> <strong>T&#7855;m:</strong> </p><p>T&#249;y m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; n&#7863;ng c&#7911;a Eczema m&#224; b&#233; c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7855;m v&#7899;i n&#432;&#7899;c c&#243; pha m&#7897;t t&#7881; l&#7879; nh&#7887; thu&#7889;c t&#7849;y (bleach). T&#7841;i &#218;c, lo&#7841;i thu&#7889;c t&#7849;y duy nh&#7845;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c khuy&#234;n d&#249;ng l&#224; White King Bleach v&#7899;i t&#7881; l&#7879; nh&#432; sau: 12ml pha trong 10 l&#237;t n&#432;&#7899;c. T&#7881; l&#7879; n&#224;y th&#7845;p h&#417;n t&#7881; l&#7879; thu&#7889;c t&#7849;y d&#249;ng trong h&#7891; b&#417;i v&#224; do &#273;&#243; kh&#225; an to&#224;n cho b&#233;. Ban &#273;&#7847;u, c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7855;m b&#233; m&#7895;i ng&#224;y b&#7857;ng n&#432;&#7899;c c&#243; pha thu&#7889;c t&#7849;y trong v&#242;ng 1 th&#225;ng, sau &#273;&#243; 3 l&#7847;n trong 1 tu&#7847;n trong v&#242;ng 1 th&#225;ng v&#224; gi&#7843;m xu&#7889;ng c&#242;n m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n m&#7897;t l&#7847;n trong 1 th&#225;ng. N&#7871;u eczema n&#7893;i l&#7841;i th&#236; c&#243; th&#7875; t&#259;ng l&#7841;i s&#7889; l&#7847;n t&#7855;m r&#7891;i gi&#7843;m d&#7847;n. L&#253; do White King Bleach &#273;&#432;&#7907;c khuy&#234;n d&#249;ng v&#236; &#273;&#227; c&#243; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u tr&#234;n s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m n&#224;y, s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m n&#224;y c&#243; th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n ph&#249; h&#7907;p &#273;&#7875; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; khi Eczema kh&#7903;i ph&#225;t. </p><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n, &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng c&#243; White King Bleach th&#236; c&#243; th&#7875; d&#249;ng mu&#7889;i v&#7899;i t&#7881; l&#7879; nh&#432; sau: 100g mu&#7889;i pha v&#7899;i 10 l&#237;t n&#432;&#7899;c <em>(nhi&#7873;u cha m&#7865; s&#7869; ch&#7885;n c&#225;ch n&#224;y v&#236; n&#243; l&#224;m h&#7885; y&#234;n t&#226;m h&#417;n l&#224; pha thu&#7889;c t&#7849;y v&#7899;i n&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#7875; t&#7855;m cho con).</em> L&#432;u &#253;: <strong>KH&#212;NG </strong>t&#7855;m l&#7841;i b&#7857;ng n&#432;&#7899;c ng&#7885;t/s&#7841;ch sau khi &#273;&#227; t&#7855;m b&#233; b&#7857;ng n&#432;&#7899;c c&#243; pha thu&#7889;c t&#7849;y ho&#7863;c mu&#7889;i. B&#233; c&#361;ng c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7897;i &#273;&#7847;u v&#224; lau m&#7863;t b&#7857;ng n&#432;&#7899;c n&#224;y khi t&#7855;m. Khi t&#7855;m v&#7899;i thu&#7889;c t&#7849;y ho&#7863;c mu&#7889;i th&#236; c&#243; th&#7875; m&#7897;t s&#7889; b&#233; s&#7869; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y da b&#7883; ch&#226;m ch&#237;ch gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; mu&#7895;i &#273;&#7889;t. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y l&#224; b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng v&#236; v&#7899;i n&#432;&#7899;c t&#7855;m kh&#244;ng pha thu&#7889;c t&#7849;y ho&#7863;c mu&#7889;i c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7869; l&#224;m b&#233; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y nh&#432; v&#7853;y. L&#253; do l&#224; da b&#233; b&#7883; eczema c&#7921;c k&#7923; nh&#7841;y c&#7843;m. Ri&#234;ng n&#432;&#7899;c b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng (kh&#244;ng pha b&#7845;t c&#7913; th&#7913; g&#236;) c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m cho b&#233; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y ng&#7913;a ng&#225;y khi t&#7855;m. <strong>Cortisone:</strong> Nh&#7855;c &#273;&#7871;n cortisone khi &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; Eczema, nhi&#7873;u ph&#7909; huynh t&#7887; ra kh&#225; lo l&#7855;ng v&#236; nh&#7919;ng t&#225;c d&#7909;ng ph&#7909; c&#7911;a n&#243;. Tuy nhi&#234;n, c&#7847;n hi&#7875;u &#273;&#250;ng v&#7873; cortisone &#273;&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#250;ng khi c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t. Cortisone l&#224; m&#7897;t hormone t&#7921; nhi&#234;n c&#7911;a c&#417; th&#7875; do v&#7887; tuy&#7871;n th&#432;&#7907;ng th&#7853;n ti&#7871;t ra (adrenal cortex). Thu&#7889;c n&#224;y c&#243; t&#225;c d&#7909;ng kh&#225;ng vi&#234;m v&#224; l&#224;m cho eczema &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh. Nhi&#7873;u cha m&#7865; t&#7887; &#253; lo ng&#7841;i r&#7857;ng khi d&#249;ng cortisone th&#236; s&#7869; ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o thu&#7889;c, r&#7857;ng khi kh&#244;ng x&#7913;c thu&#7889;c n&#7919;a th&#236; eczema s&#7869; quay tr&#7903; l&#7841;i. Th&#7853;t ra kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i nh&#432; v&#7853;y! Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i kh&#244;ng x&#7913;c thu&#7889;c th&#236; eczema quay tr&#7903; l&#7841;i, m&#224; l&#224; eczema l&#224; m&#7897;t b&#7879;nh kinh ni&#234;n, cho &#273;&#7871;n nay v&#7851;n ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7889;c &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; d&#7913;t &#273;i&#7875;m. Do &#273;&#243;, khi x&#7913;c thu&#7889;c m&#224; eczema l&#7863;n &#273;i, kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; n&#243; h&#7871;t m&#224; eczema &#8220;ch&#7901; th&#7901;i c&#417;&#8221; &#273;&#7875; quay tr&#7903; l&#7841;i b&#7845;t c&#7913; l&#250;c n&#224;o! <em>S&#7917; d&#7909;ng kem cortisone th&#7871; n&#224;o?</em> Kh&#244;ng n&#234;n xem cortisone l&#224; li&#7879;u ph&#225;p &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng v&#7899;i eczema. S&#7917; d&#7909;ng cortisone &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i eczema t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; nh&#432; d&#7853;p t&#7855;t m&#7897;t &#273;&#225;m ch&#225;y trong r&#7915;ng v&#7853;y. Ngay l&#7853;p t&#7913;c d&#7853;p l&#7917;a khi b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u nhen nh&#250;m v&#7899;i nhi&#7873;u n&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#7875; l&#7917;a t&#7855;t h&#7859;n. N&#7871;u kh&#244;ng d&#249;ng &#273;&#7911; l&#432;&#7907;ng n&#432;&#7899;c c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t th&#236; l&#7917;a s&#7869; ch&#225;y tr&#7903; l&#7841;i v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; lan ra nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n n&#7919;a. Kh&#244;ng n&#234;n &#273;&#7907;i khi l&#7917;a &#273;&#227; lan ra h&#7871;t r&#7915;ng m&#7899;i ch&#7919;a ch&#225;y v&#236; khi &#273;&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#7843;i d&#249;ng r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u n&#432;&#7899;c v&#224; m&#7845;t th&#7901;i gian kh&#225; l&#226;u th&#236; l&#7917;a m&#7899;i t&#7855;t. V&#236; v&#7853;y, khi b&#244;i cortisone, kh&#244;ng n&#234;n b&#244;i m&#7897;t l&#7899;p qu&#225; m&#7887;ng v&#236; s&#7869; kh&#244;ng hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; (gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; x&#7883;t qu&#225; &#237;t n&#432;&#7899;c th&#236; l&#7917;a kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7875; b&#7883; d&#7853;p t&#7855;t). Cortisone d&#249;ng hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; nh&#7845;t l&#224; x&#7913;c t&#7915; m&#7897;t &#273;&#7871;n hai l&#7847;n khi da b&#7883; &#273;&#7887;, ng&#432;ng x&#7913;c khi da h&#7871;t &#273;&#7887;, ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c khi da &#273;&#7887; tr&#7903; l&#7841;i. M&#7895;i lo&#7841;i cortisone c&#243; li&#7873;u l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;c nhau cho t&#7915;ng b&#7897; ph&#7853;n tr&#234;n c&#417; th&#7875;. N&#7871;u eczema n&#7893;i tr&#234;n m&#7863;t, b&#225;c s&#297; s&#7869; k&#234; toa c&#243; li&#7873;u l&#432;&#7907;ng th&#7845;p h&#417;n (n&#243; c&#242;n c&#243; t&#234;n g&#7885;i l&#224; hydrocortisone). Hi&#7879;n nay, lo&#7841;i cortisone ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#225;c s&#297; t&#7841;i &#218;c k&#234; toa cho eczema l&#224; Advantan c&#243; th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n l&#224; methylprednisolone (thoa tr&#234;n c&#417; th&#7875;), lo&#7841;i thoa tr&#234;n m&#7863;t c&#243; th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n l&#224; hydrocortisone. Thoa s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m l&#224;m &#7849;m tr&#234;n da sau khi thoa thu&#7889;c. N&#7871;u Eczema &#273;&#227; n&#7893;i l&#234;n th&#224;nh m&#7897;t l&#7899;p d&#224;y c&#243; v&#7849;y th&#236; c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i lau s&#7841;ch v&#7849;y tr&#234;n da tr&#432;&#7899;c khi thoa thu&#7889;c m&#7899;i hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;. C&#225;ch l&#224;m nh&#432; sau: ng&#226;m v&#249;ng da b&#7883; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng v&#224;o n&#432;&#7899;c &#7845;m c&#243; pha n&#432;&#7899;c mu&#7889;i, d&#7847;u ho&#7863;c thu&#7889;c t&#7849;y, sau &#273;&#243; d&#249;ng kh&#259;n lau nh&#7865;; c&#225;ch kh&#225;c: th&#7845;m kh&#259;n v&#224;o n&#432;&#7899;c &#7845;m v&#224; &#273;&#7855;p l&#234;n v&#249;ng da b&#7883; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng v&#224;i ph&#250;t, sau &#273;&#243; nh&#7865; nh&#224;ng lau v&#7849;y &#273;i.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2016/03/crust.jpg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6fvi!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64a0cd17-0496-4052-8bb8-ffc6b83f9f49_134x200.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6fvi!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64a0cd17-0496-4052-8bb8-ffc6b83f9f49_134x200.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6fvi!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64a0cd17-0496-4052-8bb8-ffc6b83f9f49_134x200.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6fvi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64a0cd17-0496-4052-8bb8-ffc6b83f9f49_134x200.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6fvi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64a0cd17-0496-4052-8bb8-ffc6b83f9f49_134x200.jpeg" width="134" height="200" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/64a0cd17-0496-4052-8bb8-ffc6b83f9f49_134x200.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:200,&quot;width&quot;:134,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;C&#7847;n lau v&#7849;y tr&#234;n da c&#7911;a b&#233; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi b&#244;i thu&#7889;c. Ngu&#7891;n &#7843;nh: B&#7879;nh vi&#7879;n Nhi &#273;&#7891;ng Ho&#224;ng Gia, Australia (The Royal Children Hospital, Australia)&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;C&#7847;n lau v&#7849;y tr&#234;n da c&#7911;a b&#233; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi b&#244;i thu&#7889;c. Ngu&#7891;n &#7843;nh: B&#7879;nh vi&#7879;n Nhi &#273;&#7891;ng Ho&#224;ng Gia, Australia (The Royal Children Hospital, Australia)&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2016/03/crust.jpg&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="C&#7847;n lau v&#7849;y tr&#234;n da c&#7911;a b&#233; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi b&#244;i thu&#7889;c. Ngu&#7891;n &#7843;nh: B&#7879;nh vi&#7879;n Nhi &#273;&#7891;ng Ho&#224;ng Gia, Australia (The Royal Children Hospital, Australia)" title="C&#7847;n lau v&#7849;y tr&#234;n da c&#7911;a b&#233; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi b&#244;i thu&#7889;c. Ngu&#7891;n &#7843;nh: B&#7879;nh vi&#7879;n Nhi &#273;&#7891;ng Ho&#224;ng Gia, Australia (The Royal Children Hospital, Australia)" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6fvi!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64a0cd17-0496-4052-8bb8-ffc6b83f9f49_134x200.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6fvi!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64a0cd17-0496-4052-8bb8-ffc6b83f9f49_134x200.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6fvi!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64a0cd17-0496-4052-8bb8-ffc6b83f9f49_134x200.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6fvi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64a0cd17-0496-4052-8bb8-ffc6b83f9f49_134x200.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>C&#7847;n lau v&#7849;y tr&#234;n da c&#7911;a b&#233; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi b&#244;i thu&#7889;c.</p><p>Ngu&#7891;n &#7843;nh: B&#7879;nh vi&#7879;n Nhi &#273;&#7891;ng Ho&#224;ng Gia, Australia (The Royal Children Hospital, Australia) </p><p>N&#7871;u v&#249;ng da b&#7883; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng ch&#7843;y d&#7883;ch ra, c&#7847;n d&#249;ng kh&#259;n &#7849;m (lo&#7841;i d&#249;ng m&#7897;t l&#7847;n) &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7855;p l&#234;n trong v&#242;ng t&#7915; n&#259;m &#273;&#7871;n m&#432;&#7901;i ph&#250;t m&#7895;i n&#7917;a ti&#7871;ng &#273;&#7875; d&#7883;ch h&#7871;t h&#7859;n. Kh&#244;ng n&#234;n b&#244;i kem l&#234;n v&#249;ng c&#243; v&#7849;y ho&#7863;c d&#7883;ch m&#224; c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i l&#224;m s&#7841;ch v&#249;ng da &#273;&#243; (k&#7875; c&#7843; da b&#7883; h&#7903;/tr&#7847;y) r&#7891;i m&#7899;i b&#244;i thu&#7889;c. L&#432;u &#253;: n&#7871;u da &#7849;m v&#236; b&#7883; ch&#7843;y d&#7883;ch th&#236; c&#7847;n l&#224;m kh&#244; r&#225;o cho da, n&#7871;u da b&#7883; kh&#244; th&#236; c&#7847;n l&#224;m &#7849;m. <em>C&#243; nh&#7845;t thi&#7871;t ph&#7843;i d&#249;ng cortisone kh&#244;ng?</em> Kh&#244;ng ai mu&#7889;n d&#249;ng thu&#7889;c n&#7871;u nh&#432; ch&#432;a th&#7921;c s&#7921; c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t. M&#7897;t s&#7889; lo&#7841;i th&#7843;o d&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o tr&#234;n th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng tr&#7883; eczema, kh&#244;ng ch&#7913;a thu&#7889;c. Tuy nhi&#234;n, cho &#273;&#7871;n nay v&#7851;n ch&#432;a c&#243; &#273;&#7911; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng thuy&#7871;t ph&#7909;c r&#7857;ng m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i th&#7843;o d&#432;&#7907;c c&#7909; th&#7875; n&#224;o &#273;&#243; l&#7841;i hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; cho t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#225;c tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p b&#7883; eczema. Do &#273;&#243;, vi&#7879;c &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; eczema &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i s&#7921; ki&#234;n nh&#7851;n v&#224; t&#236;m hi&#7875;u r&#245; r&#224;ng &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh nh&#7919;ng ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng ph&#7909; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t (v&#237; d&#7909; nh&#432; d&#7883; &#7913;ng/k&#237;ch &#7913;ng). Hi&#7875;u v&#7873; eczema c&#361;ng nh&#432; c&#7845;u tr&#250;c c&#7911;a da khi b&#7883; eczema &#7903;<a href="https://webcuame.com///dinh-duong-va-suc-khoe/p1-gioi-thieu-eczema/"> ph&#7847;n 1 </a>s&#7869; gi&#250;p cha m&#7865; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh vi&#7879;c ch&#259;m s&#243;c da c&#7911;a con nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o. Nhi&#7873;u cha m&#7865; th&#7845;y sau khi ng&#432;ng x&#7913;c cortisone th&#236; eczema quay tr&#7903; l&#7841;i, &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; khi x&#7913;c thu&#7889;c th&#236; eczema &#8220;h&#7871;t&#8221; m&#224; n&#243; ch&#7881; b&#7883; kh&#7889;ng ch&#7871; m&#224; th&#244;i. </p><p>H&#417;n n&#7919;a, v&#236; lo ng&#7841;i nh&#7919;ng ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng ph&#7909; c&#7911;a thu&#7889;c m&#224; kh&#225; nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#7881; thoa m&#7897;t l&#7899;p r&#7845;t m&#7887;ng, kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7875; kh&#7889;ng ch&#7871; ch&#7895; vi&#234;m n&#234;n eczema quay l&#7841;i kh&#225; nhanh sau &#273;&#243;. M&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng ph&#7909; c&#7911;a cortisone m&#224; nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i r&#7845;t lo l&#7855;ng &#273;&#243; l&#224; n&#243; l&#224;m suy y&#7871;u h&#7879; mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch c&#7911;a tr&#7867;, l&#224;m cho tr&#7867; &#8220;kh&#244;ng l&#7899;n n&#7893;i.&#8221; Th&#7921;c ra &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o? Ph&#7843;i hi&#7875;u nh&#432; sau: Khi eczema kh&#7903;i ph&#225;t, n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#417; th&#7875; b&#233; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; &#8220;ch&#7889;ng&#8221; l&#7841;i b&#7879;nh v&#224; do &#273;&#243; l&#224;m n&#243; ti&#234;u hao v&#224;o vi&#7879;c n&#224;y h&#417;n l&#224; nh&#7919;ng ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng kh&#225;c. &#272;&#243; l&#224; l&#253; do t&#7841;i sao &#8220;b&#233; kh&#244;ng l&#7899;n.&#8221; H&#417;n n&#7919;a, nh&#432; &#273;&#227; tr&#236;nh b&#224;y &#7903; <a href="https://webcuame.com///dinh-duong-va-suc-khoe/p1-gioi-thieu-eczema/">ph&#7847;n 1</a>, da l&#224; h&#224;ng ph&#242;ng v&#7879; &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n c&#7911;a c&#417; th&#7875;. N&#7871;u h&#224;ng ph&#242;ng v&#7879; &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n b&#7883; t&#7845;n c&#244;ng v&#224; ng&#227; g&#7909;c th&#236; &#273;&#432;&#417;ng nhi&#234;n nh&#7919;ng chi&#7871;n tuy&#7871;n b&#234;n trong s&#7869; ph&#7843;i ti&#234;u hao kh&#225; nhi&#7873;u binh l&#7921;c. <strong>Qu&#7845;n &#432;&#7899;t (wet dressing)</strong> Wet dressing c&#243; l&#7869; c&#242;n xa l&#7841; v&#7899;i nhi&#7873;u ph&#7909; huynh &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam trong vi&#7879;c &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; Eczema, tuy nhi&#234;n &#273;&#226;y l&#224; bi&#7879;n ph&#225;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#249;ng kh&#225; ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n t&#7841;i c&#225;c n&#432;&#7899;c c&#243; t&#7881; l&#7879; b&#7879;nh cao nh&#432; &#218;c v&#224; Anh. B&#233; c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c qu&#7845;n &#432;&#7899;t n&#7871;u nh&#432;: </p><p>- B&#233; ng&#7913;a v&#224; g&#227;i v&#7873; &#273;&#234;m - C&#243; m&#225;u ch&#7895; b&#233; n&#7857;m (v&#236; g&#227;i nhi&#7873;u &#273;&#7871;n tr&#7847;y x&#432;&#7899;c) </p><p>- Eczema v&#7851;n kh&#244;ng thuy&#234;n gi&#7843;m m&#7863;c d&#249; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#7913;c thu&#7889;c cortisone v&#224; d&#432;&#7905;ng &#7849;m. Wet dressing r&#7845;t hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; v&#236;: - N&#243; l&#224;m M&#193;T da, l&#224;m da b&#7899;t ng&#7913;a. </p><p>- N&#243; l&#224;m &#7848;M da l&#226;u h&#417;n </p><p>- N&#243; B&#7842;O V&#7878; da kh&#7887;i b&#7883; g&#227;i tr&#7847;y x&#432;&#7899;c (c&#224;ng g&#227;i c&#224;ng ng&#7913;a, d&#7877; b&#7883; nhi&#7877;m tr&#249;ng) </p><p>- N&#243; GI&#218;P b&#233; ng&#7911; ngon h&#417;n v&#236; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i th&#7913;c d&#7853;y &#273;&#7875; g&#227;i. </p><p><em>Nh&#7919;ng v&#7853;t d&#7909;ng c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t &#273;&#7875; qu&#7845;n &#432;&#7899;t:</em> </p><p>- Tubifast: l&#224; m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i b&#259;ng d&#249;ng cho vi&#7879;c &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; Eczema, n&#243; c&#243; d&#7841;ng v&#7843;i co gi&#227;n d&#7879;t th&#224;nh &#7889;ng. Tuy nhi&#234;n, n&#7871;u &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam kh&#244;ng c&#243; &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n th&#236; ph&#7909; huynh c&#243; th&#7875; d&#249;ng lo&#7841;i b&#259;ng qu&#7845;n th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng (m&#7845;t th&#7901;i gian h&#417;n), ho&#7863;c b&#7845;t k&#7923; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m n&#224;o c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#250;p t&#7841;o m&#7897;t l&#7899;p ng&#259;n gi&#7919;a da v&#224; l&#7899;p qu&#7847;n &#225;o th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7875; v&#7915;a gi&#7919; &#7849;m, v&#7915;a tr&#225;nh cho b&#233; g&#227;i g&#226;y nhi&#7877;m tr&#249;ng do tr&#7847;y x&#432;&#7899;c. </p><p>- Thu&#7889;c cortisone (n&#7871;u b&#225;c s&#297; k&#234; toa) - S&#7843;n ph&#7849;m &#7849;m da (moisturiser) </p><p>- N&#432;&#7899;c &#7845;m </p><p>- Thau - D&#7847;u t&#7855;m (bath oil, lo&#7841;i d&#224;nh cho eczema, ho&#7863;c d&#7847;u olive) </p><p>- K&#233;o Clip h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n:</p><div id="youtube2-SKGtW4Pwtd4" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;SKGtW4Pwtd4&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/SKGtW4Pwtd4?rel=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;showinfo=0&amp;enablejsapi=0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><p>Ho&#7863;c b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; g&#245;: &#8220;Wet dressing for eczema&#8221; tr&#234;n Youtube &#273;&#7875; tham kh&#7843;o th&#234;m. <strong>Ch&#432;&#7901;m m&#225;t (cool compress)</strong> C&#361;ng nh&#432; qu&#7845;n &#432;&#7899;t, ch&#432;&#7901;m m&#225;t r&#7845;t hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; khi s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i Eczema, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng ch&#7895; b&#7883; &#273;&#7887;, n&#243;ng v&#224; ng&#7913;a. C&#225;ch l&#224;m nh&#432; sau:</p><ol><li><p><em>Cho m&#7897;t n&#7855;p (ch&#7915;ng 5ml) d&#7847;u t&#7855;m (bath oil) v&#224;o m&#7897;t ch&#7853;u n&#432;&#7899;c.</em></p></li><li><p><em>Nh&#250;ng kh&#259;n v&#224;o n&#432;&#7899;c cho &#273;&#7871;n khi kh&#259;n &#432;&#7899;t.</em></p></li><li><p><em>L&#7845;y kh&#259;n l&#234;n v&#224; v&#7855;t b&#7899;t n&#432;&#7899;c ra (kh&#244;ng v&#7855;t ki&#7879;t).</em></p></li><li><p><em>&#272;&#7855;p kh&#259;n l&#234;n v&#249;ng da b&#7883; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng kho&#7843;ng 5-10 ph&#250;t cho &#273;&#7871;n khi da b&#7899;t &#273;&#7887;.</em></p></li><li><p><em>B&#244;i s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m &#7849;m da sau khi l&#7845;y kh&#259;n ra.</em></p></li></ol><p>C&#361;ng nh&#432; vi&#7879;c b&#244;i cortisone v&#224; qu&#7845;n &#432;&#7899;t, ch&#432;&#7901;m m&#225;t kh&#244;ng n&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c xem nh&#432; li&#7879;u ph&#225;p cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng khi eczema kh&#7903;i ph&#225;t. C&#224;ng &#225;p d&#7909;ng s&#7899;m ch&#7915;ng n&#224;o, c&#224;ng t&#7889;t ch&#7915;ng &#273;&#243;. N&#7871;u &#273;&#7875; l&#226;u, da c&#224;ng d&#7877; b&#7883; nhi&#7877;m tr&#249;ng v&#224; vi&#7879;c &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; s&#7869; t&#7889;n k&#233;m c&#361;ng nh&#432; m&#7845;t th&#7901;i gian nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n. </p><p><strong>III. NH&#7918;NG L&#431;U &#221; KHI D&#217;NG S&#7842;N PH&#7848;M L&#192;M &#7848;M DA V&#192; THU&#7888;C B&#212;I NGO&#192;I DA</strong></p><ol><li><p><strong>V&#7879; sinh:</strong></p></li></ol><p>- Lu&#244;n r&#7917;a tay th&#7853;t s&#7841;ch tr&#432;&#7899;c khi thoa kem v&#224; thu&#7889;c cho b&#233;. T&#7889;t nh&#7845;t n&#234;n c&#243; m&#7897;t l&#7885; s&#225;t tr&#249;ng (kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n r&#7917;a n&#432;&#7899;c) trong t&#7847;m tay. </p><p>- Tr&#225;nh &#8220;double dip&#8221; t&#7913;c l&#224; cho tay v&#224;o h&#361; kem nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n, t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t n&#234;n d&#249;ng m&#7897;t que tre s&#7841;ch l&#7845;y m&#7897;t l&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&#7911; d&#249;ng ra cho v&#224;o m&#7897;t c&#225;i n&#7855;p s&#7841;ch &#273;&#7875; thoa cho b&#233;. N&#7871;u c&#243; lo&#7841;i b&#417;m ra (kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i nh&#250;ng tay v&#224;o l&#7885;/h&#361; kem) th&#236; r&#7845;t t&#7889;t.</p><ol start="2"><li><p><strong>Thoa nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o?</strong></p></li></ol><p><em>&#272;&#7889;i v&#7899;i thu&#7889;c:</em> Thoa m&#7897;t l&#432;&#7907;ng v&#7915;a &#273;&#7911; ho&#7863;c nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n m&#7897;t ch&#250;t v&#224; kh&#244;ng thoa nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n l&#432;&#7907;ng thu&#7889;c &#273;&#227; l&#7845;y nh&#432; th&#243;i quen c&#7911;a nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#236; lo s&#7907; t&#225;c d&#7909;ng ph&#7909; c&#7911;a thu&#7889;c cortisone. N&#7871;u thoa nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n th&#236; v&#244; t&#236;nh thu&#7889;c s&#7869; th&#7845;m qua da c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i thoa cho b&#233;, &#273;eo g&#259;ng tay l&#224; t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#250;c n&#224;o c&#361;ng ti&#7879;n l&#7907;i.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2016/03/apply-cream.jpg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lxH7!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd694ef3d-9507-4970-bd8e-8822f1695287_425x282.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lxH7!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd694ef3d-9507-4970-bd8e-8822f1695287_425x282.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lxH7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd694ef3d-9507-4970-bd8e-8822f1695287_425x282.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lxH7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd694ef3d-9507-4970-bd8e-8822f1695287_425x282.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lxH7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd694ef3d-9507-4970-bd8e-8822f1695287_425x282.jpeg" width="425" height="282" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d694ef3d-9507-4970-bd8e-8822f1695287_425x282.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:282,&quot;width&quot;:425,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Thoa thu&#7889;c cho b&#233; (b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; nh&#236;n th&#7845;y m&#7897;t l&#7899;p kh&#225; d&#224;y). Ngu&#7891;n &#7843;nh: BabyHintsAndTips&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Thoa thu&#7889;c cho b&#233; (b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; nh&#236;n th&#7845;y m&#7897;t l&#7899;p kh&#225; d&#224;y). Ngu&#7891;n &#7843;nh: BabyHintsAndTips&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2016/03/apply-cream.jpg&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Thoa thu&#7889;c cho b&#233; (b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; nh&#236;n th&#7845;y m&#7897;t l&#7899;p kh&#225; d&#224;y). Ngu&#7891;n &#7843;nh: BabyHintsAndTips" title="Thoa thu&#7889;c cho b&#233; (b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; nh&#236;n th&#7845;y m&#7897;t l&#7899;p kh&#225; d&#224;y). Ngu&#7891;n &#7843;nh: BabyHintsAndTips" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lxH7!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd694ef3d-9507-4970-bd8e-8822f1695287_425x282.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lxH7!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd694ef3d-9507-4970-bd8e-8822f1695287_425x282.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lxH7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd694ef3d-9507-4970-bd8e-8822f1695287_425x282.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lxH7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd694ef3d-9507-4970-bd8e-8822f1695287_425x282.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Thoa thu&#7889;c cho b&#233; (b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; nh&#236;n th&#7845;y m&#7897;t l&#7899;p kh&#225; d&#224;y).</p><p>Ngu&#7891;n &#7843;nh: BabyHintsAndTips <em>&#272;&#7889;i v&#7899;i s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m &#7849;m da:</em> Thoa m&#7897;t l&#7899;p d&#224;y h&#417;n n&#7871;u qu&#7845;n &#432;&#7899;t cho b&#233;. N&#7871;u qu&#7847;n &#225;o &#432;&#7899;t ho&#7863;c b&#259;ng qu&#7845;n &#432;&#7899;t b&#7883; kh&#244;, c&#243; th&#7875; d&#249;ng m&#7897;t b&#236;nh x&#7883;t n&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#7875; x&#7883;t v&#224;o b&#233; thay v&#236; c&#7903;i &#273;&#7891; b&#233; ra &#273;&#7875; nh&#250;ng n&#432;&#7899;c r&#7891;i m&#7863;c l&#7841;i. </p><p><strong>IV. QU&#7846;N &#193;O V&#192; CH&#258;N M&#7872;N:</strong> </p><p>Tr&#7867; b&#7883; Eczema n&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7863;c qu&#7847;n &#225;o tho&#225;ng m&#225;t b&#7857;ng ch&#7845;t li&#7879;u 100% cotton ho&#7863;c l&#7909;a. &#272;&#7875; tr&#225;nh g&#227;i v&#224;o ban &#273;&#234;m g&#226;y tr&#7847;y x&#432;&#7899;c da, cha m&#7865; n&#234;n &#273;eo g&#259;ng tay b&#7857;ng ch&#7845;t li&#7879;u cotton cho con, ho&#7863;c c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;eo v&#7899; b&#7857;ng cotton v&#224;o tay cho con &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh b&#7883; tu&#7897;t ra n&#7917;a &#273;&#234;m. M&#7897;t s&#7889; b&#233; c&#361;ng b&#7883; n&#7893;i Eczema tr&#234;n tay n&#234;n tr&#432;&#7899;c khi &#273;eo g&#259;ng tay cho con, ph&#7909; huynh c&#7847;n b&#244;i kem &#7849;m cho con.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Len_Pinterest.jpg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YokI!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24c7c9b5-35dd-43c2-ae72-c6950b5998a5_236x340.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YokI!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24c7c9b5-35dd-43c2-ae72-c6950b5998a5_236x340.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YokI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24c7c9b5-35dd-43c2-ae72-c6950b5998a5_236x340.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YokI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24c7c9b5-35dd-43c2-ae72-c6950b5998a5_236x340.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YokI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24c7c9b5-35dd-43c2-ae72-c6950b5998a5_236x340.jpeg" width="236" height="340" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/24c7c9b5-35dd-43c2-ae72-c6950b5998a5_236x340.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:340,&quot;width&quot;:236,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Len_Pinterest&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Len_Pinterest&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Len_Pinterest.jpg&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Len_Pinterest" title="Len_Pinterest" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YokI!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24c7c9b5-35dd-43c2-ae72-c6950b5998a5_236x340.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YokI!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24c7c9b5-35dd-43c2-ae72-c6950b5998a5_236x340.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YokI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24c7c9b5-35dd-43c2-ae72-c6950b5998a5_236x340.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YokI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24c7c9b5-35dd-43c2-ae72-c6950b5998a5_236x340.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>V&#224;o m&#249;a l&#7841;nh, tr&#7867; hay b&#7883; n&#7893;i Eczema h&#417;n m&#249;a h&#232; v&#236; &#273;&#7897; &#7849;m th&#7845;p h&#417;n v&#224; cha m&#7865; c&#243; th&#243;i quen m&#7863;c qu&#225; &#7845;m cho con. </p><p>Ngu&#7891;n &#7843;nh: Pinterest </p><p>T&#244;i hi v&#7885;ng n&#7897;i dung tr&#234;n &#273;&#226;y s&#7869; ph&#7847;n n&#224;o gi&#250;p ph&#7909; huynh hi&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t s&#7889; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; c&#259;n b&#7843;n trong vi&#7879;c ch&#259;m s&#243;c s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e cho con m&#236;nh khi b&#233; b&#7883; Eczema. C&#225;c b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; tham kh&#7843;o th&#234;m &#7903; m&#7897;t s&#7889; ngu&#7891;n m&#224; t&#244;i li&#7879;t k&#234; b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i. Ph&#7847;n 3 (&#273;ang vi&#7871;t): Li&#7879;u ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; &#259;n u&#7889;ng c&#243; li&#234;n quan g&#236; &#273;&#7871;n Eczem kh&#244;ng? </p><p><em>T&#224;i li&#7879;u tham kh&#7843;o:</em> B&#224;i vi&#7871;t c&#243; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng th&#244;ng tin v&#224; ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c t&#7915; c&#225;c ngu&#7891;n sau: </p><p>B&#7879;nh vi&#7879;n Nhi &#273;&#7891;ng Ho&#224;ng Gia t&#7841;i Melbourne, Australia (The Royal Children Hospital) The Biology Behind Eczema and Psoriasis, Webmd Eczema causes, Webmd 50 things you can do today to manage eczema, Wendy Green Your guide to Eczema, Dr. Sarah Wakelin The Eczema Diet, Karen Fischer.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Giới thiệu Eczema (Phần 1)]]></title><description><![CDATA[Eczema (Ch&#224;m hay c&#242;n g&#7885;i l&#224; b&#7879;nh vi&#234;m da c&#417; &#273;&#7883;a) l&#224; m&#7897;t r&#7889;i lo&#7841;n v&#7873; da v&#7915;a t&#7841;m th&#7901;i (temporary) v&#7915;a kinh ni&#234;n (chronic skin disorders) t&#249;y thu&#7897;c v&#224;o t&#7915;ng lo&#7841;i.]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/gioi-thieu-eczema-phan-1</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/gioi-thieu-eczema-phan-1</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 16 Mar 2016 07:42:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WiuC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e1f743e-833e-4e18-b27d-4a532f0e15e0_493x335.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I8sP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Febb7f033-c352-4e5f-a129-ee3f0351989f_600x257.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I8sP!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Febb7f033-c352-4e5f-a129-ee3f0351989f_600x257.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I8sP!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Febb7f033-c352-4e5f-a129-ee3f0351989f_600x257.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I8sP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Febb7f033-c352-4e5f-a129-ee3f0351989f_600x257.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I8sP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Febb7f033-c352-4e5f-a129-ee3f0351989f_600x257.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I8sP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Febb7f033-c352-4e5f-a129-ee3f0351989f_600x257.jpeg" width="600" height="257" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ebb7f033-c352-4e5f-a129-ee3f0351989f_600x257.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:257,&quot;width&quot;:600,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:11948,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I8sP!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Febb7f033-c352-4e5f-a129-ee3f0351989f_600x257.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I8sP!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Febb7f033-c352-4e5f-a129-ee3f0351989f_600x257.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I8sP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Febb7f033-c352-4e5f-a129-ee3f0351989f_600x257.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I8sP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Febb7f033-c352-4e5f-a129-ee3f0351989f_600x257.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Eczema (Ch&#224;m hay c&#242;n g&#7885;i l&#224; b&#7879;nh vi&#234;m da c&#417; &#273;&#7883;a) l&#224; m&#7897;t r&#7889;i lo&#7841;n v&#7873; da v&#7915;a t&#7841;m th&#7901;i (temporary) v&#7915;a kinh ni&#234;n (chronic skin disorders) t&#249;y thu&#7897;c v&#224;o t&#7915;ng lo&#7841;i. Tuy r&#7889;i lo&#7841;n n&#224;y kh&#244;ng g&#226;y nguy hi&#7875;m nh&#432;ng l&#7841;i &#273;em &#273;&#7871;n kh&#225; nhi&#7873;u phi&#7873;n ph&#7913;c cho ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7855;c ph&#7843;i c&#361;ng nh&#432; ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#226;n. B&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y l&#224; m&#7897;t m&#243;n qu&#224; t&#244;i mu&#7889;n g&#7917;i t&#7863;ng &#273;&#7871;n t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#225;c m&#7865; c&#243; con m&#7855;c ph&#7843;i ch&#7913;ng r&#7889;i lo&#7841;n n&#224;y. C&#361;ng nh&#432; nh&#7919;ng b&#224;i vi&#7871;t kh&#225;c, m&#7895;i b&#224;i vi&#7871;t tr&#234;n trang web n&#224;y &#273;&#7873;u xu&#7845;t ph&#225;t t&#7915; t&#236;nh y&#234;u th&#432;&#417;ng v&#244; b&#7901; d&#224;nh cho c&#225;c con c&#7911;a t&#244;i. B&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#244;ng tr&#236;nh t&#236;m hi&#7875;u kh&#225; c&#244;ng phu v&#7899;i m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n &#273;&#243; l&#224; kh&#7889;ng ch&#7871; Eczema cho R&#244;, con trai th&#7913; 3, v&#236; R&#244; b&#7883; Eczema t&#7915; l&#250;c m&#7899;i sinh.</em> <em>Eczema &#7903; tr&#7867; c&#242;n b&#7883; g&#7885;i m&#7897;t c&#225;ch oan &#7913;c trong ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t l&#224; &#8220;ch&#224;m s&#7919;a&#8221; v&#224; s&#7919;a m&#7865; b&#7883; cho l&#224; nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n g&#226;y ra b&#7879;nh. Tuy nhi&#234;n, c&#225;i t&#234;n ch&#224;m s&#7919;a c&#243; l&#7869; xu&#7845;t ph&#225;t t&#7915; vi&#7879;c b&#233; ph&#225;t kh&#7903;i b&#7879;nh &#7903; &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i &#273;ang b&#250; m&#7865; ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i do b&#250; m&#7865; m&#224; b&#233; b&#7879;nh.</em> <em>T&#244;i &#273;&#227; tr&#7843;i qua nh&#7919;ng ng&#224;y th&#225;ng ph&#7843;i n&#243;i l&#224; r&#7845;t &#8220;c&#7921;c kh&#7893;&#8221; v&#236; ch&#259;m s&#243;c da cho R&#244;. C&#243; nh&#7919;ng l&#250;c thay &#273;&#7891; cho con m&#224; kh&#243;c r&#242;ng v&#236; da b&#233; r&#7845;t kh&#244;, kh&#244; &#273;&#7871;n n&#7895;i da ch&#7871;t r&#417;i ra tr&#7855;ng x&#243;a nh&#432; b&#7897;t d&#249; t&#244;i &#273;i&#234;n cu&#7891;ng gi&#7919; &#7849;m da cho con. Ph&#7843;i n&#243;i l&#224; &#8220;&#273;i&#234;n cu&#7891;ng&#8221; v&#236; m&#7895;i l&#7847;n thay t&#227; l&#224; m&#7895;i l&#7847;n thoa kem, t&#7889;i ng&#7911; t&#244;i c&#361;ng c&#7847;m h&#361; kem, &#273;ang ng&#7911; m&#224; gi&#7853;t m&#236;nh d&#7853;y th&#236; vi&#7879;c &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n l&#224; c&#7847;m l&#7845;y h&#361; kem. Da R&#244; l&#250;c n&#224;o c&#361;ng &#273;&#7887; r&#7921;c v&#224; kh&#244; r&#225;p v&#224; con qu&#7845;y kh&#243;c c&#7843; ng&#224;y l&#7851;n &#273;&#234;m &#273;&#7871;n n&#7895;i c&#243; ng&#224;y t&#244;i kh&#244;ng th&#7875; &#273;&#7863;t b&#233; xu&#7889;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c hai ph&#250;t!</em> <em>Xin l&#432;u &#253;: nh&#7919;ng chia s&#7867; trong b&#224;i kh&#244;ng thay th&#7871; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#7901;i khuy&#234;n c&#7911;a b&#225;c s&#297; v&#224; t&#244;i xin ph&#233;p kh&#244;ng t&#432; v&#7845;n v&#7873; c&#225;ch d&#249;ng thu&#7889;c n&#7871;u nh&#432; nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u h&#7887;i c&#7911;a b&#7841;n n&#7857;m ngo&#224;i hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t c&#7911;a t&#244;i.</em> </p><p><strong>I. T&#204;M HI&#7874;U V&#7872; C&#7844;U TR&#218;C C&#7910;A DA V&#192; DA C&#7910;A NG&#431;&#7900;I B&#7882; ECZEMA</strong></p><p>Ch&#250;ng ta v&#7851;n coi th&#432;&#7901;ng vai tr&#242; c&#7911;a da cho &#273;&#7871;n khi c&#243; chuy&#7879;n g&#236; &#273;&#243; x&#7843;y ra. B&#7903;i v&#236;, n&#7871;u h&#7887;i ai &#273;&#243; h&#227;y k&#7875; ra m&#7897;t b&#7897; ph&#7853;n quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7911;a c&#417; th&#7875;, h&#7847;u h&#7871;t m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7869; nh&#7855;c &#273;&#7871;n b&#7897; n&#227;o hay tr&#225;i tim v&#224; ch&#7881; c&#243; &#237;t ng&#432;&#7901;i nh&#7855;c &#273;&#7871;n da. Trong khi &#273;&#243;, n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng c&#243; l&#7899;p l&#225; ch&#7855;n t&#7889;i quan tr&#7885;ng n&#224;y, c&#417; th&#7875; c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; b&#7889;c h&#417;i v&#224; ch&#7871;t trong v&#242;ng v&#224;i ph&#250;t m&#224; th&#244;i. Kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n l&#224; l&#7899;p b&#7885;c b&#234;n ngo&#224;i c&#417; th&#7875;, b&#7897; da c&#242;n c&#243; nhi&#7873;u ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng quan tr&#7885;ng kh&#225;c. M&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng &#273;&#243; l&#224; b&#7843;o v&#7879; c&#417; th&#7875; b&#234;n trong ch&#7889;ng l&#7841;i nh&#7919;ng hi&#7875;m nguy t&#7915; m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng b&#234;n ngo&#224;i ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; nhi&#7877;m tr&#249;ng, h&#243;a ch&#7845;t, th&#7901;i ti&#7871;t kh&#225;c nghi&#7879;t v&#224; &#225;nh n&#7855;ng m&#7863;t tr&#7901;i. Da l&#224; c&#417; quan l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a c&#417; th&#7875; ch&#250;ng ta. Da l&#224; b&#7897; ph&#7853;n r&#7845;t quan tr&#7885;ng &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i c&#417; th&#7875; v&#236; n&#243; &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; nh&#432; h&#224;ng ph&#242;ng th&#7911; &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n ch&#7889;ng c&#225;c t&#225;c nh&#226;n c&#243; h&#7841;i x&#226;m nh&#7853;p v&#224;o c&#417; th&#7875;, gi&#250;p &#273;i&#7873;u h&#242;a nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897; c&#417; th&#7875; v&#224; l&#224; c&#417; quan c&#7843;m gi&#225;c gi&#250;p ph&#226;n bi&#7879;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c n&#243;ng, l&#7841;nh v&#224; ti&#7871;p x&#250;c. Da l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#417; quan c&#7843;m gi&#225;c l&#7899;n c&#243; nhi&#7873;u d&#226;y th&#7847;n kinh li&#234;n t&#7909;c truy&#7873;n t&#237;n hi&#7879;u &#273;&#7871;n n&#227;o v&#7873; m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng b&#234;n ngo&#224;i, n&#243; l&#224; n&#417;i s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t ra nh&#7919;ng h&#243;a ch&#7845;t quan tr&#7885;ng cho c&#417; th&#7875; ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; vitamin D &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i c&#361;ng l&#224; n&#417;i &#273;&#224;o th&#7843;i &#273;&#7897;c t&#7889;. N&#7871;u nh&#432; v&#236; l&#253; do n&#224;o &#273;&#243; m&#224; m&#7897;t m&#7843;ng da l&#7899;n b&#7883; m&#7845;t, ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; b&#7883; ch&#225;y n&#7855;ng ho&#7863;c ph&#7887;ng, th&#236; h&#7853;u qu&#7843; &#273;&#7875; l&#7841;i s&#7869; r&#7845;t nghi&#234;m tr&#7885;ng. &#272;&#7889;i v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; eczema, s&#7921; r&#7889;i lo&#7841;n v&#7873; da s&#7869; l&#224;m cho ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng &#273;i&#7873;u h&#242;a nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897; c&#7911;a da th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n b&#7883; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng khi&#7871;n h&#7885; c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7883; n&#243;ng l&#7841;nh li&#234;n t&#7909;c. Da c&#7911;a h&#7885; c&#361;ng d&#7877; b&#7883; m&#7845;t n&#432;&#7899;c, n&#234;n h&#7885; c&#361;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n c&#7843;m th&#7845;y b&#7883; kh&#225;t n&#432;&#7899;c v&#224; &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i da c&#7911;a h&#7885; c&#361;ng d&#7877; b&#7883; nhi&#7877;m tr&#249;ng/vi&#234;m. Da g&#7891;m c&#243; 3 l&#7899;p g&#7885;i l&#224; th&#432;&#7907;ng b&#236; (epidermis), trung b&#236; ho&#7863;c b&#236; (dermis) v&#224; h&#7841; b&#236; (hypodermis). Epidermis l&#224; l&#7899;p ngo&#224;i c&#249;ng c&#7911;a da, l&#224; h&#224;ng r&#224;o ch&#7889;ng th&#7845;m n&#432;&#7899;c v&#224; c&#361;ng l&#224; n&#417;i th&#7875; hi&#7879;n s&#7855;c m&#224;u c&#7911;a da. Dermis n&#7857;m d&#432;&#7899;i Epidemis, ch&#7913;a c&#225;c m&#244; li&#234;n k&#7871;t ch&#7863;t ch&#7869; (tough conective tissues), c&#225;c nang l&#244;ng v&#224; tuy&#7871;n m&#7891; h&#244;i. Hypodermis g&#7891;m c&#243; l&#7899;p m&#7905; v&#224; c&#225;c m&#244; li&#234;n k&#7871;t.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2016/03/skin-anatomy.jpg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WiuC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e1f743e-833e-4e18-b27d-4a532f0e15e0_493x335.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WiuC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e1f743e-833e-4e18-b27d-4a532f0e15e0_493x335.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WiuC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e1f743e-833e-4e18-b27d-4a532f0e15e0_493x335.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WiuC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e1f743e-833e-4e18-b27d-4a532f0e15e0_493x335.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WiuC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e1f743e-833e-4e18-b27d-4a532f0e15e0_493x335.jpeg" width="493" height="335" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7e1f743e-833e-4e18-b27d-4a532f0e15e0_493x335.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:335,&quot;width&quot;:493,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;skin anatomy&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;skin anatomy&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2016/03/skin-anatomy.jpg&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="skin anatomy" title="skin anatomy" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WiuC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e1f743e-833e-4e18-b27d-4a532f0e15e0_493x335.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WiuC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e1f743e-833e-4e18-b27d-4a532f0e15e0_493x335.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WiuC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e1f743e-833e-4e18-b27d-4a532f0e15e0_493x335.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WiuC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7e1f743e-833e-4e18-b27d-4a532f0e15e0_493x335.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>C&#7845;u tr&#250;c da &#272;&#7875; hi&#7875;u r&#245; h&#417;n v&#7873; da c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; Eczema, ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; t&#236;m hi&#7875;u v&#7873; 2 l&#7899;p da tr&#234;n c&#249;ng l&#224; Epidermis (Th&#432;&#7907;ng b&#236;) v&#224; Dermis (b&#236;). Ng&#432;&#7901;i vi&#7871;t s&#7869; nh&#7845;n m&#7841;nh nh&#7919;ng c&#7845;u tr&#250;c c&#243; li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n eczema ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng &#273;i s&#226;u v&#224;o c&#7845;u t&#7841;o c&#7911;a da. <strong>Th&#432;&#7907;ng b&#236;</strong> L&#7899;p th&#432;&#7907;ng b&#236; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#236;nh th&#224;nh b&#7903;i h&#224;ng tri&#7879;u t&#7871; b&#224;o da nh&#7887; g&#7885;i l&#224; &#8220;keratinocytes&#8221; c&#243; ch&#7913;a m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i protein g&#7885;i l&#224; &#8220;keratin&#8221;. Nh&#7919;ng t&#7871; b&#224;o n&#224;y li&#234;n t&#7909;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n v&#7873; ph&#237;a ngo&#224;i m&#7863;t (da) v&#224; sau &#273;&#243; ch&#250;ng s&#7869; ch&#7871;t v&#224; r&#417;i &#273;i. Qu&#225; tr&#236;nh &#8220;l&#7897;t da t&#7921; nhi&#234;n&#8221; n&#224;y th&#432;&#7901;ng di&#7877;n ra m&#224; ch&#250;ng ta kh&#244;ng h&#7873; hay bi&#7871;t v&#224; m&#7845;t kho&#7843;ng 4 tu&#7847;n &#273;&#7875; m&#7897;t l&#7899;p t&#7871; b&#224;o keratinocytes ho&#224;n t&#7845;t &#8220;v&#242;ng &#273;&#7901;i&#8221; c&#7911;a m&#236;nh. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n th&#7917; d&#249;ng m&#7897;t mi&#7871;ng b&#259;ng keo trong v&#224; d&#225;n v&#224;o da, sau &#273;&#243; g&#7905; ra th&#236; b&#7841;n s&#7869; th&#7845;y mi&#7871;ng b&#259;ng keo b&#7883; &#273;&#7909;c v&#236; n&#243; k&#233;o theo nh&#7919;ng t&#7871; b&#224;o ch&#7871;t c&#7911;a da. L&#7899;p &#273;&#7909;c n&#224;y g&#7885;i l&#224; &#8220;stratum corneum&#8221; (hay c&#242;n g&#7885;i l&#224; &#8220;horny layer&#8221; t&#7913;c l&#224; l&#7899;p s&#7915;ng) v&#224; ch&#7881; m&#7887;ng b&#7857;ng m&#7897;t l&#7899;p kh&#259;n gi&#7845;y. L&#7899;p t&#7871; b&#224;o n&#224;y c&#243; ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng l&#224;m r&#224;o c&#7843;n cho da v&#224; &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; cho ph&#233;p ho&#7863;c kh&#244;ng cho ph&#233;p c&#225;c ch&#7845;t x&#226;m nh&#7853;p v&#224;o da. &#272;&#7897; d&#224;y c&#7911;a l&#7899;p s&#7915;ng t&#249;y thu&#7897;c v&#224;o s&#7921; b&#7889; tr&#237; c&#7911;a c&#225;c b&#7897; ph&#7853;n trong c&#417; th&#7875;, ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; n&#243; s&#7869; d&#224;y h&#417;n &#7903; l&#242;ng b&#224;n ch&#226;n v&#224; m&#7887;ng h&#417;n &#7903; nh&#7919;ng khu v&#7921;c nh&#7841;y c&#7843;m nh&#432; c&#7893; v&#224; m&#7863;t. &#272;&#7889;i v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; Eczema th&#236; l&#7899;p s&#7915;ng d&#7877; b&#7883; h&#432; t&#7893;n do &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng gi&#7919; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7897; &#7849;m c&#7911;a da, da s&#7869; b&#7883; kh&#244; v&#224; n&#7913;t gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; &#273;&#7891;ng ru&#7897;ng b&#7883; h&#7841;n h&#225;n. D&#432;&#7899;i l&#7899;p s&#7915;ng l&#224; nh&#7919;ng l&#7899;p t&#7871; b&#224;o da &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7855;p x&#7871;p r&#7845;t ch&#7863;t ch&#7869; v&#224; r&#7843;i r&#225;c l&#224; c&#225;c t&#7871; b&#224;o s&#7855;c t&#7889; v&#224; c&#225;c t&#7871; b&#224;o c&#243; ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng b&#7843;o v&#7879; cho da. Nh&#7919;ng t&#7871; b&#224;o c&#7911;a l&#7899;p th&#432;&#7907;ng b&#236; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7855;n k&#7871;t v&#7899;i nhau b&#7857;ng m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i keo &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; m&#7897;t h&#7895;n h&#7907;p ch&#7845;t b&#233;o (lipids). H&#7895;n h&#7907;p n&#224;y g&#7891;m c&#243; cholesterol, fatty acids (acid b&#233;o) v&#224; ceramides. N&#7871;u l&#7899;p m&#7905; t&#7921; nhi&#234;n n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7911; (ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; b&#7883; eczema), ho&#7863;c &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng b&#7903;i h&#243;a ch&#7845;t nh&#432; x&#224; ph&#242;ng ho&#7863;c b&#7897;t gi&#7863;t th&#236; l&#7899;p m&#7905; n&#224;y s&#7869; b&#7883; tr&#244;i &#273;i d&#7877; d&#224;ng h&#417;n. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y l&#224;m da m&#7887;ng &#273;i v&#224; do &#273;&#243; da d&#7877; b&#7883; kh&#244;, n&#7913;t v&#224; eczema. Nh&#7919;ng ch&#7895; n&#7913;t n&#224;y s&#7869; t&#7841;o &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n cho nh&#7919;ng vi khu&#7849;n c&#243; h&#7841;i x&#226;m nh&#7853;p v&#224;o da v&#224; l&#224;m eczem n&#7863;ng h&#417;n. <strong>L&#7899;p b&#236;</strong> L&#7899;p b&#236; n&#7857;m d&#432;&#7899;i l&#7899;p th&#432;&#7907;ng b&#236; v&#224; hai l&#7899;p n&#224;y g&#7855;n k&#7871;t r&#7845;t ch&#7863;t ch&#7869; v&#7899;i nhau. L&#7899;p b&#236; c&#243; k&#7871;t c&#7845;u ch&#7863;t ch&#7869; b&#7903;i v&#236; n&#243; ch&#7913;a collagen v&#224; elastin &#273;em l&#7841;i s&#7921; s&#259;n ch&#7855;c cho da. C&#224;ng l&#7899;n tu&#7893;i th&#236; l&#7899;p collagen c&#224;ng m&#7887;ng &#273;i, do &#273;&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i gi&#224; r&#7845;t d&#7877; b&#7883; t&#7893;n th&#432;&#417;ng v&#7873; da. Vi&#7879;c u&#7889;ng steroid th&#7901;i gian d&#224;i ho&#7863;c d&#249;ng thu&#7889;c b&#244;i c&#243; ch&#7913;a steroid trong th&#7901;i gian d&#224;i &#7903; nh&#7919;ng v&#249;ng da nh&#7841;y c&#7843;m c&#361;ng s&#7869; l&#224;m l&#7899;p collagen m&#7887;ng &#273;i. N&#7857;m s&#226;u d&#432;&#7899;i l&#7899;p b&#236; l&#224; nh&#7919;ng nang l&#244;ng (hair follicles), tuy&#7871;n m&#7891; h&#244;i (sweat glands) v&#224; tuy&#7871;n b&#227; nh&#7901;n (sebaceous glands). L&#7899;p b&#236; ch&#7913;a m&#7897;t m&#7841;ng l&#432;&#7899;i c&#225;c d&#226;y th&#7847;n kinh v&#224; th&#7909; th&#7875; (&#273;i&#7875;m ti&#7871;p nh&#7853;n hay c&#242;n g&#7885;i l&#224; receptors) c&#243; nhi&#7879;m v&#7909; ghi nh&#7853;n v&#224; v&#7853;n chuy&#7875;n t&#237;n hi&#7879;u ti&#7871;p x&#250;c (touch), l&#7921;c (pressure), c&#7843;m gi&#225;c (n&#243;ng, l&#7841;nh, &#273;au v&#224; ng&#7913;a) &#273;&#7871;n n&#227;o. L&#7899;p b&#236; c&#361;ng ch&#7913;a c&#225;c m&#7841;ch m&#225;u (blood vessels), d&#7883;ch m&#244; (tissue fluid) v&#224; m&#7841;ch b&#7841;ch huy&#7871;t (lymph vessels) &#273;em c&#225;c ch&#7845;t dinh d&#432;&#7905;ng cho da v&#224; &#273;&#224;o th&#7843;i c&#225;c ch&#7845;t th&#7843;i. L&#432;&#7907;ng m&#225;u ch&#7843;y &#273;&#7871;n da thay &#273;&#7893;i t&#249;y theo nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897; c&#417; th&#7875;. V&#237; d&#7909; nh&#432; khi t&#7853;p th&#7875; d&#7909;c, l&#432;&#7907;ng m&#225;u &#273;&#7871;n da s&#7869; nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n, gi&#250;p c&#417; th&#7875; th&#7843;i b&#7899;t h&#417;i n&#243;ng qua da. M&#225;u trong c&#225;c m&#7841;ch m&#225;u v&#7853;n chuy&#7875;n oxy v&#224; d&#432;&#7905;ng ch&#7845;t &#273;&#7871;n da c&#361;ng nh&#432; c&#225;c t&#7871; b&#224;o b&#7841;ch c&#7847;u (white blood cells) c&#243; nhi&#7879;m v&#7909; ch&#7889;ng l&#7841;i s&#7921; nhi&#7877;m tr&#249;ng. Do &#273;&#243;, khi b&#7883; vi&#234;m th&#236; da s&#7869; &#273;&#7887; v&#224; s&#432;ng l&#234;n. Khi h&#7871;t vi&#234;m th&#236; da s&#7869; tr&#7903; l&#7841;i b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng. N&#7871;u l&#7899;p b&#236; b&#7883; t&#7893;n th&#432;&#417;ng n&#7863;ng th&#236; trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh l&#224;nh (healing process) th&#236; l&#7899;p collagen m&#7899;i s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#236;nh th&#224;nh. Ch&#237;nh v&#236; v&#7853;y m&#224; ch&#250;ng ta m&#7899;i b&#7883; s&#7865;o. Tuy eczema c&#243; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n b&#7873; ngo&#224;i c&#7911;a da nh&#432;ng ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n l&#7841;i kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7875; l&#7841;i s&#7865;o, ngo&#7841;i tr&#7915; tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p b&#7883; kh&#225; n&#7863;ng. L&#7899;p elastin (&#273;em l&#7841;i s&#7921; &#273;&#224;n h&#7891;i cho da) s&#7869; b&#7883; h&#432; t&#7893;n n&#7871;u ti&#7871;p x&#250;c v&#7899;i &#225;nh n&#7855;ng trong th&#7901;i gian d&#224;i, l&#224;m gi&#7843;m s&#7921; &#273;&#224;n h&#7891;i c&#7911;a da v&#224; da s&#7869; s&#7899;m b&#7883; l&#227;o h&#243;a v&#224; nh&#259;n. Do &#273;&#243;, nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; eczema c&#7847;n tr&#225;nh &#225;nh n&#7855;ng tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p, nh&#7845;t l&#224; trong nh&#7919;ng ng&#224;y c&#243; tia b&#7913;c x&#7841; (tia c&#7921;c t&#237;m) cao. </p><p><strong>II. ECZEMA L&#192; G&#204;?</strong> </p><p>Eczema hay c&#242;n g&#7885;i l&#224; dermatitis l&#224; m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng b&#7879;nh ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n nh&#7845;t v&#7873; da. Eczema ti&#7871;ng Hy L&#7841;p c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; &#8220;s&#244;i b&#7887;ng&#8221;, dermatitis c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; &#8220;vi&#234;m da&#8221;. Eczema l&#224; m&#7897;t b&#7879;nh vi&#234;m da. Th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng, khi b&#7883; th&#432;&#417;ng hay b&#7883; b&#7887;ng, c&#225;c kh&#225;ng th&#7875; (antibodies v&#224; cytokines) &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t &#273;&#7875; ch&#7889;ng l&#7841;i c&#225;c t&#225;c nh&#226;n vi&#234;m nhi&#7877;m &#273;&#7875; gi&#250;p da h&#7891;i ph&#7909;c, ch&#237;nh v&#236; l&#253; do n&#224;y m&#224; da b&#7883; &#273;&#7887;, s&#432;ng v&#224; n&#243;ng l&#234;n. V&#236; v&#7853;y, nhi&#7879;m v&#7909; c&#7911;a antibodies v&#224; cytokines &#273;&#432;&#7907;c xem nh&#432; l&#224; nh&#7919;ng &#8220;chi&#7871;n s&#297;&#8221; ch&#7889;ng l&#7841;i qu&#226;n x&#226;m l&#259;ng (vi khu&#7849;n/virus). Gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch th&#234;m: antibodies l&#224; nh&#7919;ng ch&#7845;t do t&#7871; b&#224;o m&#225;u tr&#7855;ng (white blood cells) t&#7841;o ra c&#243; ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng ch&#7889;ng l&#7841;i nhi&#7877;m tr&#249;ng, cytokines l&#224; nh&#7919;ng ch&#7845;t d&#7851;n truy&#7873;n t&#7921; nhi&#234;n do c&#225;c t&#7871; b&#224;o trong c&#417; th&#7875; sinh ra (k&#7875; c&#7843; t&#7871; b&#224;o m&#225;u tr&#7855;ng v&#224; t&#7871; b&#224;o da), ch&#250;ng c&#243; nhi&#7879;m v&#7909; k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t h&#7879; th&#7889;ng mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch c&#7911;a c&#417; th&#7875; v&#224; h&#7895; tr&#7907; qu&#225; tr&#236;nh l&#224;m l&#224;nh da. Tuy nhi&#234;n, &#7903; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; eczema, nh&#7919;ng &#8220;chi&#7871;n s&#297;&#8221; n&#224;y v&#7851;n chi&#7871;n &#273;&#7845;u khi kh&#244;ng c&#243; qu&#226;n th&#249;, v&#224; do &#273;&#243; g&#226;y ra nh&#7919;ng h&#432; t&#7893;n kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t cho m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng xung quanh ch&#250;ng, trong tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p n&#224;y &#273;&#243; ch&#237;nh l&#224; da. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; c&#225;ch &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch v&#7873; eczema v&#224; &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch t&#7841;i sao nh&#7919;ng lo&#7841;i thu&#7889;c kh&#225;ng vi&#234;m nh&#432; steroids l&#7841;i gi&#250;p cho vi&#7879;c &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; khi b&#7879;nh kh&#7903;i ph&#225;t. Khi eczema kh&#7903;i ph&#225;t, t&#7913;c l&#224; khi da b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u b&#7883; vi&#234;m, th&#236; c&#225;c t&#7871; b&#224;o da (keratinocytes) b&#7883; ph&#7891;ng r&#7897;p v&#224; s&#432;ng l&#234;n, l&#224;m cho ch&#250;ng t&#225;ch r&#7901;i nhau. L&#7899;p th&#432;&#7907;ng b&#236; (epidermis) l&#250;c n&#224;y gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; m&#7897;t mi&#7871;ng x&#7889;p ch&#7913;a &#273;&#7847;y n&#432;&#7899;c, l&#432;&#7907;ng n&#432;&#7899;c d&#432; th&#7915;a &#273;&#7885;ng l&#7841;i th&#224;nh nh&#7919;ng m&#7909;n nh&#7887; li ti. Khi c&#225;c t&#7871; b&#224;o da kh&#244;ng c&#242;n b&#7883; k&#7871;t d&#237;nh n&#7919;a th&#236; l&#7899;p da s&#7869; c&#224;ng d&#7877; b&#7883; bong ra, l&#224;m cho da b&#7883; kh&#244;. Khi da b&#7883; kh&#244; n&#7913;t, t&#7913;c l&#224; n&#243; kh&#244;ng c&#242;n l&#224; l&#7899;p r&#224;o c&#7843;n hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; n&#7919;a v&#224; s&#7869; l&#224;m cho da d&#7877; b&#7883; m&#7845;t n&#432;&#7899;c, vi khu&#7849;n d&#7877; x&#226;m nh&#7853;p v&#224;o da h&#417;n. Khi vi khu&#7849;n x&#226;m nh&#7853;p v&#224;o da th&#236; da s&#7869; b&#7883; vi&#234;m, n&#243;ng, &#273;&#7887; v&#224; ng&#7913;a.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2016/03/eczema-8-728.jpg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L1dI!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F485418a8-faac-42ae-8f32-f257223b2797_600x388.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L1dI!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F485418a8-faac-42ae-8f32-f257223b2797_600x388.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L1dI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F485418a8-faac-42ae-8f32-f257223b2797_600x388.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L1dI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F485418a8-faac-42ae-8f32-f257223b2797_600x388.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L1dI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F485418a8-faac-42ae-8f32-f257223b2797_600x388.jpeg" width="600" height="388" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/485418a8-faac-42ae-8f32-f257223b2797_600x388.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:388,&quot;width&quot;:600,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;eczema-8-728&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;eczema-8-728&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2016/03/eczema-8-728.jpg&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="eczema-8-728" title="eczema-8-728" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L1dI!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F485418a8-faac-42ae-8f32-f257223b2797_600x388.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L1dI!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F485418a8-faac-42ae-8f32-f257223b2797_600x388.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L1dI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F485418a8-faac-42ae-8f32-f257223b2797_600x388.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L1dI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F485418a8-faac-42ae-8f32-f257223b2797_600x388.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Da b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224; da b&#7883; eczema </p><p><strong>III. NGUY&#202;N NH&#194;N G&#194;Y RA ECZEMA</strong> </p><p>Cho &#273;&#7871;n nay ng&#432;&#7901;i ta v&#7851;n ch&#432;a t&#236;m ra nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n ch&#237;nh x&#225;c g&#226;y ra eczema. Tuy nhi&#234;n, n&#7871;u trong gia &#273;&#236;nh c&#243; ti&#7873;n s&#7917; v&#7873; eczema, asthma (hen suy&#7877;n) hay d&#7883; &#7913;ng ph&#7845;n hoa th&#236; em b&#233; sinh ra c&#243; nguy c&#417; s&#7869; m&#7855;c ph&#7843;i m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng ch&#7913;ng n&#224;y, d&#249; r&#7857;ng m&#7897;t s&#7889; &#237;t tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p b&#7883; eczema khi kh&#244;ng c&#243; y&#7871;u t&#7889; gia &#273;&#236;nh. Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u cho th&#7845;y m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;i v&#7873; gene (genetic mutation) &#273;&#227; khi&#7871;n m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i gene t&#234;n l&#224; filaggrin b&#7883; thi&#7871;u h&#7909;t. Filaggrin l&#224; m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i gene gi&#250;p t&#7841;o m&#7897;t r&#224;o ch&#7855;n tr&#234;n b&#7873; m&#7863;t da &#273;&#7875; gi&#7919; &#7849;m cho da v&#224; ng&#259;n kh&#244;ng cho t&#225;c nh&#226;n b&#234;n ngo&#224;i x&#226;m nh&#7853;p v&#224;o da, l&#224;m cho da c&#243; nguy c&#417; b&#7883; eczema. T&#7841;i &#218;c, 30% tr&#7867; em m&#7855;c eczema. M&#7863;c d&#249; c&#243; c&#225;c c&#225;ch &#273;&#7875; kh&#7889;ng ch&#7871; eczema, cho &#273;&#7871;n nay ng&#432;&#7901;i ta v&#7851;n ch&#432;a t&#236;m ra ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; b&#7879;nh n&#224;y. Kho&#7843;ng 50% tr&#7867; em s&#7869; gi&#7843;m b&#7899;t eczema v&#224;o tu&#7893;i l&#234;n 2 v&#224; 80% c&#225;c em s&#7869; gi&#7843;m b&#7879;nh v&#224;o tu&#7893;i l&#234;n 5. Nh&#7919;ng n&#417;i b&#7883; eczema &#273;i&#7875;n h&#236;nh &#7903; tr&#7867;:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Typical-sites-of-Eczema.jpg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1L9m!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F311d8ad2-551e-4ce1-9760-b5551a492d3a_280x326.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1L9m!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F311d8ad2-551e-4ce1-9760-b5551a492d3a_280x326.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1L9m!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F311d8ad2-551e-4ce1-9760-b5551a492d3a_280x326.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1L9m!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F311d8ad2-551e-4ce1-9760-b5551a492d3a_280x326.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1L9m!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F311d8ad2-551e-4ce1-9760-b5551a492d3a_280x326.jpeg" width="280" height="326" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/311d8ad2-551e-4ce1-9760-b5551a492d3a_280x326.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:326,&quot;width&quot;:280,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Typical sites of Eczema&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Typical sites of Eczema&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Typical-sites-of-Eczema.jpg&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Typical sites of Eczema" title="Typical sites of Eczema" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1L9m!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F311d8ad2-551e-4ce1-9760-b5551a492d3a_280x326.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1L9m!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F311d8ad2-551e-4ce1-9760-b5551a492d3a_280x326.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1L9m!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F311d8ad2-551e-4ce1-9760-b5551a492d3a_280x326.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1L9m!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F311d8ad2-551e-4ce1-9760-b5551a492d3a_280x326.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>IV. NH&#7918;NG T&#193;C NH&#194;N G&#194;Y K&#205;CH &#7912;NG ECZEMA V&#192; C&#193;C BI&#7878;N PH&#193;P PH&#210;NG TR&#193;NH</strong> </p><p>C&#225;c t&#225;c nh&#226;n g&#226;y k&#237;ch &#7913;ng Eczema c&#243; th&#7875; chia th&#224;nh 3 nh&#243;m: N&#211;NG, KH&#212; v&#224; CH&#194;M CH&#205;CH (PRICKLE). <em>N&#211;NG (HEAT)</em> Nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897; n&#243;ng l&#224; m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng t&#225;c nh&#226;n h&#224;ng &#273;&#7847;u l&#224;m k&#237;ch &#7913;ng Eczema. </p><p>Th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng, tr&#7867; ng&#7913;a ng&#225;y h&#417;n khi v&#7873; &#273;&#234;m v&#236; ch&#259;n n&#7879;m l&#224;m nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897; da t&#259;ng. H&#417;n n&#7919;a, th&#243;i quen &#7911; &#7845;m c&#7911;a cha m&#7865; v&#236; s&#7907; con l&#7841;nh th&#7853;t ra &#273;em l&#7841;i kh&#225; nhi&#7873;u phi&#7873;n ph&#7913;c &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i tr&#7867; b&#7883; eczema. S&#7889; li&#7879;u cho th&#7845;y tr&#7867; em b&#7883; n&#7893;i eczema nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n v&#224;o m&#249;a &#273;&#244;ng v&#236; m&#249;a &#273;&#244;ng cha m&#7865; c&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng m&#7863;c nhi&#7873;u qu&#7847;n &#225;o cho con. Tuy nhi&#234;n &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i tr&#7867; c&#243; l&#224;n da &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t nh&#7841;y c&#7843;m nh&#432; tr&#7867; b&#7883; eczema th&#236; &#273;&#226;y ch&#237;nh l&#224; nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n l&#224;m cho b&#7879;nh n&#7863;ng h&#417;n v&#224;o m&#249;a &#273;&#244;ng. Theo khuy&#7871;n c&#225;o c&#7911;a B&#7879;nh vi&#7879;n Nhi &#273;&#7891;ng Ho&#224;ng gia (Royal Children Hospital) th&#236; nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897; ban &#273;&#234;m l&#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng trong ph&#242;ng l&#224; kh&#244;ng qu&#225; 15 &#273;&#7897; v&#224;o ban &#273;&#234;m v&#224; kh&#244;ng qu&#225; 20 &#273;&#7897; v&#224;o ban ng&#224;y. T&#7889;t nh&#7845;t ch&#7881; n&#234;n cho tr&#7867; m&#7863;c m&#7897;t ho&#7863;c hai l&#7899;p qu&#7847;n &#225;o b&#7857;ng v&#7843;i cotton. N&#7871;u tr&#7867; tham gia v&#224;o c&#225;c ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng th&#7875; thao, h&#227;y c&#7903;i b&#7887; b&#7899;t qu&#7847;n &#225;o tr&#432;&#7899;c khi ch&#417;i, ho&#7863;c cho tr&#7867; m&#7863;c m&#7897;t c&#225;i &#225;o l&#243;t (singlet) &#7849;m b&#234;n trong qu&#7847;n &#225;o th&#7875; thao. Tr&#7867; b&#7883; eczema c&#7847;n tr&#225;nh m&#7863;c qu&#7847;n &#225;o b&#7857;ng len v&#236; len s&#7869; l&#224;m cho n&#243;ng v&#224; do &#273;&#243; s&#7869; khi&#7871;n b&#7879;nh n&#7863;ng h&#417;n. <em>KH&#212; (DRYNESS)</em> Tr&#7867; b&#7883; eczema c&#243; da kh&#244;, da c&#224;ng kh&#244; th&#236; c&#224;ng b&#7883; ng&#7913;a v&#224; d&#7877; b&#7883; vi&#234;m. C&#243; nhi&#7873;u th&#7913; khi&#7871;n da tr&#7867; b&#7883; kh&#244; th&#234;m, ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; m&#225;y s&#432;&#7903;i th&#7893;i tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p v&#224;o ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#233;, c&#225;c s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m t&#7855;m g&#7897;i c&#243; ch&#7913;a x&#224; ph&#242;ng. Da b&#233; s&#7869; b&#7883; kh&#244; h&#417;n v&#224;o m&#249;a &#273;&#244;ng v&#236; &#273;&#7897; &#7849;m th&#7845;p. V&#236; v&#7853;y, c&#7847;n thoa kem d&#432;&#7905;ng &#7849;m cho b&#233; h&#224;ng ng&#224;y t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#7871;n ch&#226;n. Tr&#225;nh s&#7917; d&#7909;ng kh&#259;n &#432;&#7899;t s&#7861;n (baby wipes) &#273;&#7875; lau ch&#249;i cho b&#233; v&#236; s&#7869; l&#224;m cho da b&#233; b&#7883; kh&#244; v&#224; g&#226;y k&#237;ch &#7913;ng da b&#233;. <em>CH&#194;M CH&#205;CH (PRICKLE)</em> Qu&#7847;n &#225;o c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m cho eczema t&#7879; h&#417;n n&#7871;u nh&#432; n&#243; c&#243; c&#7843;m gi&#225;c &#8220;ch&#226;m ch&#237;ch&#8221; (prickle). &#272;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; len, &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#7881; may, ch&#7881; th&#234;u, m&#225;c qu&#7847;n &#225;o&#8230; r&#7845;t d&#7877; k&#237;ch &#7913;ng da b&#233;. V&#7843;i cotton v&#224; l&#7909;a l&#224; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n l&#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng cho qu&#7847;n &#225;o c&#361;ng nh&#432; ch&#259;n m&#7873;n d&#224;nh cho b&#233;. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n s&#7901; v&#224;o v&#7843;i v&#224; th&#7845;y c&#7843;m gi&#225;c &#8220;ch&#226;m ch&#237;ch&#8221; t&#7913;c l&#224; n&#243; s&#7869; l&#224;m cho b&#233; r&#7845;t ng&#7913;a ng&#225;y. N&#7871;u &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#7881; may b&#7883; c&#7913;ng, h&#227;y l&#7897;n qu&#7847;n &#225;o ra (m&#7863;c &#7903; m&#7863;t tr&#225;i), c&#7855;t nh&#227;n m&#225;c qu&#7847;n &#225;o (th&#432;&#7901;ng &#7903; c&#7893; &#225;o).</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Knitting_Craftsy.jpg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Deja!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F767db792-7d49-4e17-97b8-ef3053f60cd6_581x400.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Deja!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F767db792-7d49-4e17-97b8-ef3053f60cd6_581x400.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Deja!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F767db792-7d49-4e17-97b8-ef3053f60cd6_581x400.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Deja!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F767db792-7d49-4e17-97b8-ef3053f60cd6_581x400.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Deja!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F767db792-7d49-4e17-97b8-ef3053f60cd6_581x400.jpeg" width="581" height="400" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/767db792-7d49-4e17-97b8-ef3053f60cd6_581x400.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:400,&quot;width&quot;:581,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Ch&#7845;t li&#7879;u len g&#226;y k&#237;ch &#7913;ng v&#7899;i tr&#7867; b&#7883; Eczema. Ngu&#7891;n &#7843;nh: Craftsy&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Ch&#7845;t li&#7879;u len g&#226;y k&#237;ch &#7913;ng v&#7899;i tr&#7867; b&#7883; Eczema. Ngu&#7891;n &#7843;nh: Craftsy&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Knitting_Craftsy.jpg&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Ch&#7845;t li&#7879;u len g&#226;y k&#237;ch &#7913;ng v&#7899;i tr&#7867; b&#7883; Eczema. Ngu&#7891;n &#7843;nh: Craftsy" title="Ch&#7845;t li&#7879;u len g&#226;y k&#237;ch &#7913;ng v&#7899;i tr&#7867; b&#7883; Eczema. Ngu&#7891;n &#7843;nh: Craftsy" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Deja!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F767db792-7d49-4e17-97b8-ef3053f60cd6_581x400.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Deja!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F767db792-7d49-4e17-97b8-ef3053f60cd6_581x400.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Deja!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F767db792-7d49-4e17-97b8-ef3053f60cd6_581x400.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Deja!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F767db792-7d49-4e17-97b8-ef3053f60cd6_581x400.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Ch&#7845;t li&#7879;u len g&#226;y k&#237;ch &#7913;ng v&#7899;i tr&#7867; b&#7883; Eczema.</p><p>Ngu&#7891;n &#7843;nh: Craftsy <a href="https://webcuame.com/benh-viem-da-eczema-phan-2-dieu-tri/">Ph&#7847;n 2: &#272;i&#7873;u tr&#7883;</a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Kháng sinh (Phần 2)]]></title><description><![CDATA[I.]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/khang-sinh-phan-2</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/khang-sinh-phan-2</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 07 Jul 2015 07:28:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/455c12af-ea78-4244-8a12-a8ad2de2e831_283x400.webp" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W-cd!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f166ca3-4488-49cb-a3d7-59fe387e1972_283x400.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W-cd!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f166ca3-4488-49cb-a3d7-59fe387e1972_283x400.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W-cd!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f166ca3-4488-49cb-a3d7-59fe387e1972_283x400.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W-cd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f166ca3-4488-49cb-a3d7-59fe387e1972_283x400.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W-cd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f166ca3-4488-49cb-a3d7-59fe387e1972_283x400.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W-cd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f166ca3-4488-49cb-a3d7-59fe387e1972_283x400.jpeg" width="283" height="400" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1f166ca3-4488-49cb-a3d7-59fe387e1972_283x400.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:400,&quot;width&quot;:283,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:17687,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W-cd!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f166ca3-4488-49cb-a3d7-59fe387e1972_283x400.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W-cd!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f166ca3-4488-49cb-a3d7-59fe387e1972_283x400.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W-cd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f166ca3-4488-49cb-a3d7-59fe387e1972_283x400.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W-cd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1f166ca3-4488-49cb-a3d7-59fe387e1972_283x400.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>I. Thu&#7889;c kh&#225;ng sinh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o?</strong></p><p>C&#243; 2 nh&#243;m kh&#225;ng sinh c&#243; t&#234;n g&#7885;i nh&#432; sau:</p><p>- <em>Bacteriostatic:</em> ng&#259;n ch&#7863;n s&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#7911;a vi khu&#7849;n</p><p>- <em>Bactericidal:</em> gi&#7871;t vi khu&#7849;n, &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i sau &#273;&#243; c&#361;ng b&#7883; &#8220;t&#7917; tr&#7853;n&#8221; lu&#244;n. C&#225;c b&#7841;n &#273;&#7875; &#253; ti&#7871;p v&#297; ng&#7919; (sufix) &#8220;cidal&#8221; c&#7911;a t&#7915; n&#224;y nh&#233;, n&#243; l&#224; t&#7915; &#8220;suicidal&#8221; (t&#7921; t&#7917;), th&#7845;y quen quen tr&#234;n tin t&#7913;c h&#7857;ng ng&#224;y v&#7873; nh&#7919;ng v&#7909; &#8220;&#244;m bom c&#7843;m t&#7917;&#8221; kh&#244;ng? T&#7913;c l&#224; &#8220;t&#7921; s&#225;t&#8221; khi ti&#234;u di&#7879;t &#8220;k&#7867; th&#249;&#8221; &#273;&#243; (v&#237; von cho vui &#273;&#7875; d&#7877; nh&#7899;). Bactericidal d&#7921;a v&#224;o h&#7879; mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch c&#7911;a c&#417; th&#7875; &#273;&#7875; qu&#233;t s&#7841;ch vi khu&#7849;n (g&#226;y b&#7879;nh).</p><p>M&#7909;c ti&#234;u c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng kh&#225;ng sinh l&#224; h&#7841;n ch&#7871; s&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#7911;a vi khu&#7849;n cho t&#7899;i khi h&#7879; mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch c&#7911;a c&#417; th&#7875; c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7911; s&#7913;c ch&#7889;ng l&#7841;i vi khu&#7849;n. &#272;&#7875; ch&#7885;n lo&#7841;i kh&#225;ng sinh ph&#249; h&#7907;p, c&#7847;n x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh lo&#7841;i vi khu&#7849;n g&#226;y b&#7879;nh</p><p><strong>II. Nh&#7919;ng l&#432;u &#253; khi s&#7917; d&#7909;ng thu&#7889;c kh&#225;ng sinh theo &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i:</strong></p><ol><li><p><em>&#272;&#7889;i v&#7899;i tr&#7867; em:</em></p></li></ol><p>H&#7879; ti&#234;u h&#243;a v&#224; h&#7879; th&#7847;n kinh trung &#432;&#417;ng c&#7911;a tr&#7867; em r&#7845;t nh&#7841;y c&#7843;m v&#7899;i kh&#225;ng sinh v&#236; c&#243; nhi&#7873;u ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng ph&#7909; h&#417;n. C&#7847;n ch&#250; &#253; t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng dinh d&#432;&#7905;ng c&#361;ng nh&#432; m&#7845;t n&#432;&#7899;c c&#7911;a tr&#7867; n&#7871;u ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng ph&#7909; x&#7843;y ra ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; ti&#234;u ch&#7843;y, bi&#7871;ng &#259;n, v&#224; &#243;i m&#7917;a. Tr&#7867; c&#224;ng s&#7899;m ti&#7871;p x&#250;c v&#7899;i kh&#225;ng sinh th&#236; c&#224;ng d&#7877; m&#7851;n c&#7843;m v&#7899;i kh&#225;ng sinh. &#272;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t, t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng b&#7897;i nhi&#7877;m (superinfection) l&#224; m&#7897;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; kh&#225; ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n &#7903; tr&#7867;. Ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; n&#7845;m mi&#7879;ng (oral candidiasis) l&#224; m&#7897;t b&#7879;nh b&#7897;i nhi&#7877;m th&#432;&#7901;ng th&#7845;y, l&#224;m cho b&#233; &#259;n u&#7889;ng kh&#243; kh&#259;n.</p><p>Nhi&#7873;u lo&#7841;i kh&#225;ng sinh kh&#244;ng c&#243; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; n&#7871;u d&#249;ng cho tr&#7867; em, do &#273;&#243; c&#7847;n c&#226;n nh&#7855;c c&#7849;n th&#7853;n khi s&#7917; d&#7909;ng cho tr&#7867;. Ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n, thu&#7889;c thu&#7897;c nh&#243;m fluoroquinolones g&#226;y h&#7841;i &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n x&#432;&#417;ng s&#7909;n v&#224; do &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng n&#234;n d&#249;ng cho tr&#7867; &#273;ang l&#7899;n. Vi&#7879;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng kh&#225;ng sinh &#7903; tr&#7867; em c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ki&#7875;m tra c&#7849;n th&#7853;n &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o tr&#7867; nh&#7853;n &#273;&#250;ng li&#7873;u &#273;&#7875; b&#7843;o &#273;&#7843;m vi&#7879;c &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; vi khu&#7849;n c&#361;ng nh&#432; gi&#7843;m ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng ph&#7909;.</p><p>Vi&#7879;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng kh&#225;ng sinh &#273;&#7875; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; b&#7879;nh vi&#234;m tai, v&#7889;n kh&#225; ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n &#7903; tr&#7867;, l&#224; m&#7897;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; g&#226;y tranh c&#227;i. C&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u cho r&#7857;ng vi&#7879;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng thu&#7889;c ch&#7889;ng vi&#234;m hay ch&#7889;ng ngh&#7865;t m&#361;i (nh&#432; n&#432;&#7899;c mu&#7889;i sinh l&#253;) &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;ch c&#361;ng c&#243; t&#225;c d&#7909;ng t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; nh&#432; thu&#7889;c kh&#225;ng sinh m&#224; kh&#244;ng g&#226;y nguy c&#417; kh&#225;ng thu&#7889;c.</p><p>C&#225;c ph&#7909; huynh v&#236; kh&#244;ng mu&#7889;n th&#7845;y con b&#7879;nh n&#234;n c&#243; th&#7875; y&#234;u c&#7847;u b&#225;c s&#297; cho thu&#7889;c kh&#225;ng sinh &#273;&#7875; tr&#7883; b&#7879;nh cho con. Tuy nhi&#234;n, ph&#7909; huynh c&#7847;n nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c r&#7857;ng vi&#7879;c c&#7855;t gi&#7843;m vi&#7879;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng kh&#225;ng sinh l&#224; c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t khi con b&#7879;nh.</p><ol start="2"><li><p><em>&#272;&#7889;i v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n:</em></p></li></ol><p>Nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i cho r&#7857;ng kh&#225;ng sinh c&#243; th&#7875; tr&#7883; s&#7889;t hay t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#225;c b&#7879;nh. Tuy nhi&#234;n, c&#7847;n hi&#7875;u r&#7857;ng kh&#225;ng sinh ch&#7881; c&#243; t&#225;c d&#7909;ng nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh v&#7899;i m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i vi khu&#7849;n c&#7909; th&#7875; v&#224; th&#432;&#7901;ng s&#7869; mang l&#7841;i nh&#7919;ng &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng kh&#244;ng t&#7889;t n&#7871;u s&#7917; d&#7909;ng kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t n&#7871;u nh&#432; b&#7879;nh do virus g&#226;y ra, ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; c&#7843;m c&#250;m th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng.</p><p>Khi s&#7917; d&#7909;ng kh&#225;ng sinh, c&#7847;n l&#432;u &#253; ph&#7843;i d&#249;ng h&#7871;t thu&#7889;c theo ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh, kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7875; d&#224;nh thu&#7889;c kh&#244;ng u&#7889;ng h&#7871;t cho l&#7847;n b&#7879;nh sau ho&#7863;c cho/t&#7863;ng b&#7841;n b&#232; c&#243; c&#249;ng tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng b&#7879;nh gi&#7889;ng m&#236;nh.</p><p>Ph&#7909; n&#7919; c&#243; thai v&#224; cho con b&#250; n&#234;n tr&#225;nh d&#249;ng kh&#225;ng sinh n&#7871;u nh&#432; l&#7907;i &#237;ch c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng n&#224;y l&#7899;n h&#417;n vi&#7879;c &#273;em l&#7841;i nh&#7919;ng nguy c&#417; ti&#7873;m &#7849;n cho thai nhi ho&#7863;c tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh. Ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n, thu&#7889;c tetracylines g&#226;y &#7889; men r&#259;ng v&#244;i h&#243;a x&#432;&#417;ng &#273;ang ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n &#7903; tr&#7867;. Nh&#7919;ng lo&#7841;i thu&#7889;c n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; g&#226;y ra hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; nghi&#234;m tr&#7885;ng v&#7899;i tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh. Ph&#7909; n&#7919; trong &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i sinh &#273;&#7867; n&#234;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng th&#234;m bi&#7879;n ph&#225;p tr&#225;nh thai khi u&#7889;ng nh&#7919;ng lo&#7841;i thu&#7889;c n&#224;y v&#236; m&#7897;t s&#7889; kh&#225;ng sinh l&#224;m gi&#7843;m hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; c&#7911;a thu&#7889;c ng&#7915;a thai, d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c c&#243; thai ngo&#224;i &#253; mu&#7889;n.</p><ol start="3"><li><p><em>&#272;&#7889;i v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i gi&#224;:</em></p></li></ol><p>Nh&#7919;ng bi&#7875;u hi&#7879;n nhi&#7877;m tr&#249;ng/nhi&#7877;m khu&#7849;n c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n tu&#7893;i/ng&#432;&#7901;i gi&#224; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#250;c n&#224;o c&#361;ng gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; nh&#7919;ng b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n kh&#225;c. V&#236; v&#7853;y c&#7847;n l&#7845;y m&#7851;u th&#7917; v&#224; x&#233;t nghi&#7879;m &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t quan tr&#7885;ng v&#7899;i &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng n&#224;y.</p><p>Ng&#432;&#7901;i gi&#224;, c&#361;ng gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; tr&#7867; em, c&#243; th&#7875; nh&#7843;y c&#7843;m v&#7899;i ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng ph&#7909; c&#7911;a thu&#7889;c kh&#225;ng sinh. Do &#273;&#243; t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng dinh d&#432;&#7905;ng v&#224; n&#432;&#7899;c c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n n&#224;y c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c theo d&#245;i ch&#7863;t ch&#7869;, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t khi h&#7879; th&#7847;n kinh trung &#432;&#417;ng b&#7883; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng khi d&#249;ng thu&#7889;c. N&#7871;u nguy c&#417; suy gan ho&#7863;c th&#7853;n c&#243; th&#7875; l&#432;&#7901;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c (&#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225; nhi&#7873;u tu&#7893;i ho&#7863;c c&#243; ti&#7873;n s&#7917; nghi&#7879;n r&#432;&#7907;u/bia, v&#224; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang u&#7889;ng nh&#7919;ng lo&#7841;i thu&#7889;c c&#243; th&#7875; g&#226;y &#273;&#7897;c h&#7841;i cho gan v&#224; th&#7853;n) th&#236; c&#7847;n gi&#7843;m li&#7873;u xu&#7889;ng v&#224; theo d&#245;i th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n h&#417;n.</p><p>Gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; nh&#7919;ng l&#7913;a tu&#7893;i kh&#225;c, ng&#432;&#7901;i gi&#224; c&#361;ng c&#7847;n u&#7889;ng thu&#7889;c &#273;&#250;ng v&#224; &#273;&#7911; li&#7873;u, th&#7853;m ch&#237; khi u&#7889;ng v&#224;i ng&#224;y &#273;&#227; th&#7845;y kh&#7887;e th&#236; c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng n&#234;n ng&#432;ng u&#7889;ng, ho&#7863;c &#273;&#7875; d&#224;nh thu&#7889;c &#273;&#7875; d&#249;ng cho nh&#7919;ng l&#7847;n sau.</p><p><strong>III. Nh&#7919;ng nguy&#234;n t&#7855;c chung khi s&#7917; d&#7909;ng thu&#7889;c kh&#225;ng sinh:</strong></p><p>- M&#7909;c ti&#234;u c&#7911;a thu&#7889;c kh&#225;ng sinh l&#224; H&#7894; TR&#7906; c&#417; th&#7875; ch&#7889;ng l&#7841;i t&#225;c nh&#226;n g&#226;y b&#7879;nh.</p><p>- Thu&#7889;c g&#226;y h&#7841;i cho t&#225;c nh&#226;n g&#226;y b&#7879;nh nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng l&#224;m t&#7893;n h&#7841;i nghi&#234;m tr&#7885;ng &#273;&#7871;n ch&#7855;c n&#259;ng sinh h&#243;a h&#7885;c b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7911;a c&#417; th&#7875;.</p><p>- Thu&#7889;c d&#249;ng d&#7921; ph&#242;ng cho nh&#7919;ng b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n ph&#7851;u thu&#7853;t khi nguy c&#417; nhi&#7877;m tr&#249;ng t&#259;ng cao.</p><p>- B&#7879;nh nh&#226;n c&#243; ti&#7873;n s&#7917; hen suy&#7877;n, d&#7883; &#7913;ng ph&#7845;n hoa hay ch&#224;m (eczema) th&#432;&#7901;ng d&#7877; b&#7883; ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng ph&#7909; v&#7899;i PCN (Peniciline). N&#7871;u b&#7883; d&#7883; &#7913;ng v&#7899;i PCN, 10 trong s&#7889; n&#224;y c&#361;ng b&#7883; d&#7883; &#7913;ng v&#7899;i cephalosporins.</p><p>- Khi s&#7917; d&#7909;ng thu&#7889;c kh&#225;ng sinh, b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c theo d&#245;i v&#7873; t&#237;nh hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; c&#7911;a thu&#7889;c v&#224; ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng ph&#7909;.</p><p>- Vi&#7879;c theo d&#245;i b&#7897;i nhi&#7879;m &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; quan tr&#7885;ng khi d&#249;ng thu&#7889;c kh&#225;ng sinh.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Khánh sing (Phần 1)]]></title><description><![CDATA[M&#7895;i n&#259;m l&#7841;i c&#243; th&#234;m nh&#7919;ng lo&#7841;i vi khu&#7849;n m&#7899;i, v&#224; c&#225;c nh&#224; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u l&#7841;i ph&#7843;i v&#7845;t v&#7843; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u ti&#7871;p &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m ra lo&#7841;i kh&#225;ng sinh ph&#249; h&#7907;p.]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/khanh-sing-phan-1</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/khanh-sing-phan-1</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2015 07:27:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pfMW!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70fd3129-c848-472a-8b1b-83a355eaed00_815x458.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>M&#7895;i n&#259;m l&#7841;i c&#243; th&#234;m nh&#7919;ng lo&#7841;i vi khu&#7849;n m&#7899;i, v&#224; c&#225;c nh&#224; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u l&#7841;i ph&#7843;i v&#7845;t v&#7843; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u ti&#7871;p &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m ra lo&#7841;i kh&#225;ng sinh ph&#249; h&#7907;p. B&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y cung c&#7845;p nh&#7919;ng ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c c&#259;n b&#7843;n v&#7873; kh&#225;ng sinh, v&#7899;i hi v&#7885;ng gi&#250;p cho ph&#7909; huynh hi&#7875;u v&#7873; c&#417; ch&#7871; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng, t&#237;nh hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; v&#224; t&#237;nh kh&#225;ng thu&#7889;c, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; tr&#225;nh l&#7841;m d&#7909;ng kh&#225;ng sinh kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t khi con v&#224; b&#7843;n th&#226;n b&#7883; b&#7879;nh.</p><p><strong>I. Kh&#225;ng sinh l&#224; g&#236;?</strong></p><p>Kh&#225;ng sinh l&#224; h&#243;a ch&#7845;t c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng kh&#7889;ng ch&#7871; s&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#7911;a m&#7897;t vi khu&#7849;n c&#7909; th&#7875; ho&#7863;c l&#224;m ch&#7871;t vi khu&#7849;n g&#226;y b&#7879;nh c&#7909; th&#7875;.</p><p><strong>II. Vi khu&#7849;n l&#224; g&#236;?</strong></p><p>Vi khu&#7849;n l&#224; nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#417;n b&#224;o s&#7889;ng kh&#244;ng c&#243; nh&#226;n (Prokaryotic cell), c&#243; ch&#7913;a ch&#7845;t l&#7887;ng g&#7885;i l&#224; b&#224;o t&#432;&#417;ng (cytoplasm) &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bao b&#7885;c b&#7903;i m&#224;ng t&#7871; b&#224;o (cell membrane/plasma membrane) v&#224; th&#224;nh t&#7871; b&#224;o (cell wall). T&#7871; b&#224;o ch&#7913;a DNA trong t&#432;&#417;ng b&#224;o d&#432;&#7899;i d&#7841;ng nhi&#7877;m s&#7855;c th&#7875; (chromosome).</p><p>Nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i nh&#7847;m l&#7851;n gi&#7919;a vi khu&#7849;n (bacterium) v&#224; vi-r&#250;t (virus). Vi khu&#7849;n l&#7899;n h&#417;n virus r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u. &#272;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t s&#7921; kh&#225;c nhau quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t l&#224; vi khu&#7849;n c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7883; ti&#234;u di&#7879;t b&#7903;i kh&#225;ng sinh (hay c&#242;n g&#7885;i l&#224; tr&#7909; sinh) nh&#432;ng virus th&#236; kh&#244;ng. Do &#273;&#243; kh&#225;ng sinh kh&#244;ng c&#243; t&#225;c d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i c&#225;c b&#7879;nh do virus g&#226;y ra.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Bacterium1.jpg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F-D8!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F333549c1-c9a4-4ea8-a156-9b805bda0c54_320x219.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F-D8!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F333549c1-c9a4-4ea8-a156-9b805bda0c54_320x219.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F-D8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F333549c1-c9a4-4ea8-a156-9b805bda0c54_320x219.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F-D8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F333549c1-c9a4-4ea8-a156-9b805bda0c54_320x219.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F-D8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F333549c1-c9a4-4ea8-a156-9b805bda0c54_320x219.jpeg" width="320" height="219" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/333549c1-c9a4-4ea8-a156-9b805bda0c54_320x219.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:219,&quot;width&quot;:320,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Vi khu&#7849;n&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Vi khu&#7849;n&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Bacterium1.jpg&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Vi khu&#7849;n" title="Vi khu&#7849;n" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F-D8!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F333549c1-c9a4-4ea8-a156-9b805bda0c54_320x219.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F-D8!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F333549c1-c9a4-4ea8-a156-9b805bda0c54_320x219.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F-D8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F333549c1-c9a4-4ea8-a156-9b805bda0c54_320x219.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!F-D8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F333549c1-c9a4-4ea8-a156-9b805bda0c54_320x219.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Vi khu&#7849;n</p><p><strong>III. Vi khu&#7849;n g&#226;y b&#7879;nh (pathogenic bacteria).</strong></p><p>Vi khu&#7849;n g&#226;y b&#7879;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i theo h&#236;nh d&#225;ng c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng. C&#243; b&#7889;n nh&#243;m ch&#237;nh nh&#432; sau:</p><p>Tr&#7921;c khu&#7849;n (Bacilli): C&#243; h&#236;nh d&#225;ng gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; c&#225;i que, d&#224;i kho&#7843;ng 0.03mm. C&#225;c b&#7879;nh nh&#432; th&#432;&#417;ng h&#224;n (typhoid) v&#224; vi&#234;m b&#224;ng quang (cystitis) do vi khu&#7849;n thu&#7897;c nh&#243;m n&#224;y g&#226;y ra.</p><p>Khu&#7849;n c&#7847;u (Cocci): C&#243; h&#236;nh c&#7847;u (tr&#242;n) v&#7899;i &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng k&#237;nh kho&#7843;ng 0.001mm. T&#249;y theo lo&#7841;i, khu&#7849;n c&#7847;u c&#243; th&#7875; chia th&#224;nh nhi&#7873;u d&#7841;ng, ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; theo c&#7863;p hay c&#7909;m.</p><p>Khu&#7849;n xo&#7855;n (Spirochaetes): C&#243; h&#236;nh xo&#7855;n, c&#225;c b&#7879;nh l&#226;y qua &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng t&#236;nh d&#7909;c do khu&#7849;n xo&#7855;n g&#226;y ra, ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; b&#7879;nh giang mai (syphilis).</p><p>Khu&#7849;n ph&#7849;y (Vibrio): C&#243; h&#236;nh gi&#7889;ng d&#7845;u ph&#7849;y. B&#7879;nh t&#7843; (Cholera) l&#224; do khu&#7849;n ph&#7849;y g&#226;y ra.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2015/06/bacteria_shapes1.jpg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pfMW!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70fd3129-c848-472a-8b1b-83a355eaed00_815x458.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pfMW!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70fd3129-c848-472a-8b1b-83a355eaed00_815x458.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pfMW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70fd3129-c848-472a-8b1b-83a355eaed00_815x458.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pfMW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70fd3129-c848-472a-8b1b-83a355eaed00_815x458.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pfMW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70fd3129-c848-472a-8b1b-83a355eaed00_815x458.jpeg" width="815" height="458" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/70fd3129-c848-472a-8b1b-83a355eaed00_815x458.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:458,&quot;width&quot;:815,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;bacteria_shapes&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;bacteria_shapes&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2015/06/bacteria_shapes1.jpg&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="bacteria_shapes" title="bacteria_shapes" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pfMW!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70fd3129-c848-472a-8b1b-83a355eaed00_815x458.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pfMW!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70fd3129-c848-472a-8b1b-83a355eaed00_815x458.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pfMW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70fd3129-c848-472a-8b1b-83a355eaed00_815x458.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pfMW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70fd3129-c848-472a-8b1b-83a355eaed00_815x458.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>C&#225;c lo&#7841;i vi khu&#7849;n (Click v&#224;o h&#236;nh &#273;&#7875; xem r&#245; h&#417;n)</p><p><em>&#272;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7911;a vi khu&#7849;n:</em></p><p>H&#7847;u h&#7871;t c&#225;c vi khu&#7849;n, tr&#7915; khu&#7849;n c&#7847;u, chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng nh&#7901; v&#224;o &#273;u&#244;i (flagella) ho&#7863;c b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch &#8220;u&#7889;n &#233;o&#8221; t&#7915; b&#234;n n&#224;y sang b&#234;n kia. Vi khu&#7849;n sinh s&#244;i b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch t&#7921; nh&#226;n &#273;&#244;i, m&#7895;i t&#7871; b&#224;o nh&#226;n &#273;&#244;i l&#7841;i ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c nh&#226;n &#273;&#244;i v&#224; c&#7913; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c nh&#432; th&#7871;, m&#7897;t t&#7871; b&#224;o vi khu&#7849;n c&#243; th&#7875; c&#243; th&#7875; sinh s&#244;i th&#224;nh 500.000 t&#7871; b&#224;o nh&#432; v&#7853;y ho&#7863;c h&#417;n ch&#7881; trong v&#242;ng 8 ti&#7871;ng.</p><p>N&#7871;u &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng kh&#244;ng ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i vi khu&#7849;n, ch&#250;ng s&#7869; chuy&#7875;n th&#224;nh tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i &#8220;bi&#7871;n h&#236;nh&#8221; &#7903; d&#7841;ng &#8220;m&#7847;m&#8221; hay c&#242;n g&#7885;i l&#224; &#8220;b&#224;o t&#7917;&#8221; hay &#8220;m&#7847;m m&#7889;ng&#8221; v&#224; ch&#7901; &#273;&#7907;i &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n thu&#7853;n l&#7907;i &#273;&#7875; &#8220;hi&#7879;n h&#236;nh tr&#7903; l&#7841;i&#8221;. Tr&#7883; &#8220;m&#7847;m b&#7879;nh&#8221; (spores) kh&#243; h&#417;n tr&#7883; vi khu&#7849;n nhi&#7873;u v&#236; ch&#250;ng c&#243; m&#7897;t l&#7899;p m&#224;ng b&#7885;c b&#7843;o v&#7879; b&#234;n ngo&#224;i.</p><p><em>Ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i vi khu&#7849;n:</em></p><p><em>Vi khu&#7849;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i theo 2 nh&#243;m ch&#237;nh g&#7885;i l&#224; Gram D&#432;&#417;ng (Gram Positive hay c&#242;n g&#7885;i l&#224; Gram+) v&#224; Gram &#194;m (Gram Negative hay c&#242;n g&#7885;i l&#224; Gram-) b&#7857;ng ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p nhu&#7897;m do Christian Gram kh&#7903;i &#273;&#7847;u v&#224;o n&#259;m 1884.</em></p><p>M&#7851;u vi khu&#7849;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#7917; l&#253; qua nhi&#7879;t v&#224; sau &#273;&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nhu&#7897;m m&#224;u.</p><p>Gram+ c&#243; m&#224;u t&#237;m &#273;&#7853;m v&#224; Gram &#8211; c&#243; m&#224;u &#273;&#7887;, v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#236;n th&#7845;y qua k&#237;nh hi&#7875;n vi.</p><p>Vi khu&#7849;n c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i theo Aerobic (vi khu&#7849;n t&#7891;n t&#7841;i nh&#7901; Oxygen, c&#242;n g&#7885;i l&#224; khu&#7849;n hi&#7871;u kh&#237;) v&#224; anaerobic (vi khu&#7849;n kh&#244;ng ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o Oxygen &#273;&#7875; t&#7891;n t&#7841;i, c&#242;n g&#7885;i l&#224; khu&#7849;n y&#7871;m kh&#237;).</p><p><strong>IV. Vi khu&#7849;n g&#226;y b&#7879;nh (pathogenic bacteria) t&#7845;n c&#244;ng c&#417; th&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o?</strong></p><p>&#272;&#7875; g&#226;y b&#7879;nh, vi khu&#7849;n ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n c&#417; th&#7875; ch&#250;ng ta qua nhi&#7873;u &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng, v&#237; d&#7909;:</p><p>- V&#7871;t th&#432;&#417;ng h&#7903;.</p><p>- Th&#7913;c &#259;n v&#224; n&#432;&#7899;c u&#7889;ng b&#7883; nhi&#7877;m khu&#7849;n</p><p>- Ti&#7871;p x&#250;c g&#7847;n v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang nhi&#7877;m b&#7879;nh</p><p>- Ti&#7871;p x&#250;c v&#7899;i ch&#7845;t th&#7843;i (ph&#226;n, n&#432;&#7899;c b&#7885;t) c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang nhi&#7877;m b&#7879;nh</p><p>- H&#237;t th&#7903; g&#7847;n ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang nhi&#7877;m b&#7879;nh khi ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#243; ho hay h&#7855;t h&#417;i</p><p>- Ti&#7871;p x&#250;c gi&#225;n ti&#7871;p, ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; &#273;&#7909;ng ch&#7841;m c&#225;c b&#7873; m&#7863;t b&#7883; nhi&#7877;m khu&#7849;n, nh&#432; v&#242;i n&#432;&#7899;c, &#273;&#7891; ch&#417;i, tay n&#7855;m trong toilet, t&#227; em b&#233; (b&#7883; b&#7879;nh)</p><p>Qu&#234;n r&#7917;a tay sau khi &#273;i v&#7879; sinh ho&#7863;c sau khi ti&#7871;p x&#250;c v&#7899;i th&#250; v&#7853;t c&#361;ng l&#224; c&#225;ch &#273;&#432;a vi khu&#7849;n v&#224;o ng&#432;&#7901;i.</p><p><strong>V. C&#417; th&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o khi b&#7883; vi khu&#7849;n t&#7845;n c&#244;ng?</strong></p><p>N&#7871;u ch&#7859;ng may b&#7841;n b&#7883; m&#7897;t c&#225;i nh&#7885;t &#7903; ch&#226;n, b&#7841;n s&#7869; th&#7845;y v&#249;ng da xung quanh c&#225;i nh&#7885;t tr&#7903; n&#234;n &#273;&#7887; v&#224; s&#432;ng t&#7845;y. &#272;&#243; l&#224; do l&#432;u l&#432;&#7907;ng m&#225;u t&#259;ng l&#234;n, b&#225;o hi&#7879;u cho h&#7879; mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch c&#7917; &#8220;binh l&#237;nh&#8221; &#273;&#7875; ti&#234;u di&#7879;t &#8220;qu&#226;n gi&#7863;c&#8221; (vi khu&#7849;n). M&#7895;i anh l&#237;nh nh&#432; v&#7853;y g&#7885;i l&#224; m&#7897;t kh&#225;ng th&#7875; (antibody) c&#243; nhi&#7879;m v&#7909; ti&#234;u di&#7879;t t&#7915;ng t&#234;n gi&#7863;c (bacterium).</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Tôi đã cắt chỗ ấy như thế nào ]]></title><description><![CDATA[(T&#234;n g&#7885;i kh&#225;c: H&#7891;i k&#253; nh&#7919;ng ng&#224;y &#7903; b&#7879;nh vi&#7879;n)]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/toi-a-cat-cho-ay-nhu-the-nao</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/toi-a-cat-cho-ay-nhu-the-nao</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 15 May 2015 07:23:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cPGN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fae974ded-4ce8-45b6-9602-98f99ef74aeb_477x316.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cPGN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fae974ded-4ce8-45b6-9602-98f99ef74aeb_477x316.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cPGN!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fae974ded-4ce8-45b6-9602-98f99ef74aeb_477x316.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cPGN!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fae974ded-4ce8-45b6-9602-98f99ef74aeb_477x316.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cPGN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fae974ded-4ce8-45b6-9602-98f99ef74aeb_477x316.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cPGN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fae974ded-4ce8-45b6-9602-98f99ef74aeb_477x316.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cPGN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fae974ded-4ce8-45b6-9602-98f99ef74aeb_477x316.jpeg" width="477" height="316" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ae974ded-4ce8-45b6-9602-98f99ef74aeb_477x316.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:316,&quot;width&quot;:477,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:47530,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cPGN!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fae974ded-4ce8-45b6-9602-98f99ef74aeb_477x316.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cPGN!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fae974ded-4ce8-45b6-9602-98f99ef74aeb_477x316.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cPGN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fae974ded-4ce8-45b6-9602-98f99ef74aeb_477x316.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cPGN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fae974ded-4ce8-45b6-9602-98f99ef74aeb_477x316.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>(T&#234;n g&#7885;i kh&#225;c: H&#7891;i k&#253; nh&#7919;ng ng&#224;y &#7903; b&#7879;nh vi&#7879;n)</p><p>Th&#7913; t&#432;, ng&#224;y 18 th&#225;ng 04 n&#259;m 2007</p><p>G&#7917;i b&#7841;n,</p><p>N&#7871;u h&#7887;i t&#244;i c&#225;ch &#273;&#226;y m&#7845;y th&#225;ng v&#7873; &#8220;v&#7909; &#225;n&#8221; n&#224;y th&#236; t&#244;i s&#7869; &#273;&#7887; m&#7863;t v&#224; l&#7855;c &#273;&#7847;u ngu&#7847;y ngu&#7853;y v&#236; r&#7845;t x&#7845;u h&#7893;, nh&#432;ng nay c&#225;i d&#226;y th&#7847;n kinh m&#7855;c c&#7905; c&#7911;a t&#244;i &#273;&#227; b&#7883; &#273;&#7913;t c&#225;i ph&#7921;t r&#7891;i n&#234;n t&#244;i m&#7899;i m&#7841;nh d&#7841;n m&#224; k&#7875; cho b&#7841;n nghe, hay n&#243;i kh&#225;c h&#417;n l&#224; t&#244;i &#273;ang h&#7891;i t&#432;&#7903;ng l&#7841;i nh&#7919;ng ng&#224;y th&#225;ng &#273;&#227; qua: Nh&#7919;ng ng&#224;y th&#225;ng n&#7857;m vi&#7879;n.</p><p>Ho&#7863;c n&#7871;u b&#7841;n l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7859;ng t&#237;nh, t&#244;i s&#7869; &#273;&#7863;t cho b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y m&#7897;t c&#225;i t&#234;n th&#7921;c t&#7871; h&#417;n: &#8220;T&#244;i &#273;&#227; c&#7855;t &#8220;ch&#7895; &#7845;y&#8221; nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o?&#8221;</p><p>Chuy&#7879;n k&#7875; r&#7857;ng m&#7897;t ng&#224;y n&#7885;, BS ph&#225;n m&#7897;t c&#226;u xanh r&#7901;n trong b&#7879;nh &#225;n c&#7911;a t&#244;i: &#8220;Tr&#297; h&#7895;n h&#7907;p. B&#7879;nh nh&#226;n c&#243; ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh nh&#7853;p vi&#7879;n ph&#7851;u thu&#7853;t.&#8221; Hic, tr&#7901;i &#273;&#7845;t nh&#432; quay cu&#7891;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c m&#7863;t t&#244;i &#8220;Th&#7871; l&#224; t&#244;i s&#7869; b&#7883; c&#7855;t &#432;&#8230;&#8221;. BS nh&#7865; nh&#224;ng b&#7843;o: &#8220;N&#7871;u em kh&#244;ng ph&#7851;u thu&#7853;t b&#226;y gi&#7901; th&#236; sau n&#224;y c&#243; em b&#233; s&#7869; m&#7879;t &#273;&#243;. Nh&#236;n em anh &#273;o&#225;n l&#224; ch&#432;a c&#243; gia &#273;&#236;nh ph&#7843;i kh&#244;ng?&#8221;</p><p>Sau khi nghe t&#244;i &#8220;D&#7841;&#8221;, BS b&#7843;o: &#8220;&#272;&#226;y l&#224; s&#7889; &#273;i&#7879;n tho&#7841;i c&#7911;a anh, khi n&#224;o c&#7847;n em c&#7913; g&#7885;i nh&#233;.&#8221; H&#417;i b&#7845;t ng&#7901; v&#236; s&#7921; nhi&#7879;t t&#236;nh c&#7911;a b&#225;c (t&#244;i hay g&#7885;i c&#225;c BS b&#7857;ng c&#225;i t&#7915; &#8220;b&#225;c&#8221; + t&#234;n BS), nh&#432;ng t&#244;i v&#7851;n l&#432;u s&#7889; &#273;i&#7879;n tho&#7841;i v&#224; c&#225;m &#417;n lia l&#7883;a tr&#432;&#7899;c khi ra v&#7873;.</p><p>H&#244;m sau, t&#244;i c&#243; &#273;i&#7879;n tho&#7841;i: &#8220;Ch&#224;o em, BS. Long &#273;&#226;y. Em kh&#7887;e kh&#244;ng? &#192;h nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;y, &#273;&#7875; anh cho em u&#7889;ng lo&#7841;i thu&#7889;c n&#224;y r&#7891;i h&#7861;ng t&#237;nh sau nh&#233;!&#8221; T&#244;i ch&#7897;t d&#7841; ngh&#297;: &#8220;Tr&#249;i, kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t b&#225;c &#7845;y &#273;ang l&#224;m g&#236;, hay l&#224; ti&#7871;p th&#7883; thu&#7889;c?&#8221;. &#272;&#250;ng l&#224; t&#244;i lo xa qu&#225;, v&#236; ngay sau &#273;&#243; b&#225;c li&#7873;n b&#7843;o: &#8220;Em c&#243; BHYT n&#234;n kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i lo &#273;&#226;u, y&#234;n t&#226;m.&#8221; L&#242;ng t&#244;i c&#7843;m &#273;&#7897;ng kh&#244;n t&#7843;, tr&#249;i ui ph&#7843;i chi ai c&#243; th&#7867; BHYT c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#432;u &#225;i nh&#432; t&#244;i th&#236; t&#7889;t bi&#7871;t m&#7845;y! rooling:</p><p>R&#7889;t cu&#7897;c th&#236; t&#244;i v&#7851;n nh&#7853;n thu&#7889;c, v&#7851;n u&#7889;ng thu&#7889;c; nh&#432;ng v&#7851;n ph&#7843;i m&#7893;. H&#244;m &#273;i x&#233;t nghi&#7879;m &#273;&#7875; chu&#7849;n b&#7883; m&#7893;, t&#244;i r&#7909;t r&#232; h&#7887;i BS nh&#7853;n b&#7879;nh: &#8220;Anh &#417;i, th&#7871; em ph&#7843;i m&#7893; th&#7853;t &#224;?&#8221;</p><p>BS tr&#7907;n m&#7855;t: &#8220;Th&#7871; c&#243; m&#7893; kh&#244;ng? Kh&#244;ng m&#7893; th&#236; th&#244;i nh&#233;?&#8221; T&#244;i ho&#7843;ng v&#237;a: &#8220;D&#7841; &#253; em kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i v&#7853;y. &#221; em l&#224; b&#7879;nh c&#7911;a em nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh ph&#7843;i m&#7893; kh&#244;ng, hay l&#224; u&#7889;ng thu&#7889;c c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#7887;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c?&#8221; C&#243; l&#7869; &#273;&#7897;ng l&#242;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c v&#7867; m&#7863;t th&#234; th&#7843;m c&#7911;a t&#244;i, BS b&#7843;o: &#8220;V&#236; em b&#7841;n g&#225;i c&#7911;a BS Long (?) n&#234;n anh n&#243;i t&#236;nh c&#7843;m &#273;&#7875; em nghe: ph&#7843;i m&#7893; th&#244;i.&#8221;</p><p>T&#244;i tr&#242;n m&#7855;t: &#8220;H&#7843;, anh n&#243;i g&#236;? Ai n&#243;i anh em l&#224;&#8230;&#8221;</p><p>&#8220;Ch&#7913; c&#242;n g&#236; n&#7919;a! Kh&#244;ng l&#224; b&#7841;n g&#225;i sao anh &#237; l&#7841;i g&#7917;i g&#7855;m cho t&#244;i &#273;&#7911; &#273;i&#7873;u th&#7871;?&#8221; BS c&#432;&#7901;i tr&#234;u ch&#7885;c&#8230; Hic&#8230;. L&#250;c &#273;&#243; t&#244;i ch&#7843; th&#232;m thanh minh n&#7919;a, v&#236; &#273;ang t&#432;&#7903;ng t&#432;&#7907;ng ra c&#225;i vi&#7877;n c&#7843;nh b&#7883; &#8220;c&#7855;t&#8221; l&#224; h&#227;i h&#249;ng l&#7855;m r&#7891;i.</p><p>T&#7889;i Ch&#7911; nh&#7853;t. T&#244;i nh&#7853;p vi&#7879;n &#273;&#7875; Th&#7913; Hai m&#7893; s&#7899;m. Trong l&#242;ng v&#244; c&#249;ng lo l&#7855;ng nh&#432;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c khi &#273;i ng&#7911;, t&#244;i kh&#244;ng qu&#234;n nh&#7855;n tin cho con b&#7841;n th&#226;n c&#7911;a m&#236;nh: &#8220;T2 tao m&#7893;, tao nh&#7853;p vi&#7879;n r&#7891;i, &#273;ang n&#7857;m &#7903; ph&#242;ng 205, l&#7847;u 2, khoa Ngo&#7841;i.&#8221;</p><p>S&#225;ng Th&#7913; hai. T&#244;i h&#7891;i h&#7897;p v&#224; lo l&#7855;ng v&#244; c&#249;ng v&#236; s&#7855;p b&#7883; v&#244; l&#242; m&#7893;, &#253; qu&#234;n, b&#224;n m&#7893;. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n l&#224; t&#244;i, th&#236; sau &#273;&#226;y l&#224; nh&#7919;ng th&#7843;m c&#7843;nh s&#7869; x&#7843;y ra v&#7899;i b&#7841;n:</p><p>N&#224;y nh&#233;, b&#7841;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7843;o l&#224; ng&#7891;i l&#234;n c&#225;i b&#224;n m&#7893;, sau &#273;&#243; b&#7841;n du&#7895;i ch&#226;n th&#7859;ng ra, c&#250;i g&#7853;p ng&#432;&#7901;i xu&#7889;ng. BS s&#7869; ch&#237;ch m&#7897;t m&#361;i thu&#7889;c g&#226;y t&#234; v&#224;o m&#224;ng c&#7913;ng sau l&#432;ng b&#7841;n (ph&#7847;n c&#7897;t s&#7889;ng g&#7847;n x&#432;&#417;ng c&#7909;t), b&#7841;n s&#7869; t&#225;i m&#7863;t v&#224; to&#225;t m&#7891; h&#244;i v&#236; s&#7907; v&#224; v&#236; &#273;au, c&#243; khi b&#7841;n s&#7869; kh&#243;c. L&#250;c &#7845;y, BS s&#7869; b&#7843;o: &#8220;C&#243; g&#236; &#273;&#226;u m&#224; kh&#243;c, nh&#7865; h&#7873;u &#224;. Kh&#244;ng sao &#273;&#226;u em.&#8221;</p><p>Thu&#7889;c &#273;i t&#7899;i &#273;&#226;u th&#236; c&#225;c ng&#243;n ch&#226;n c&#7911;a b&#7841;n s&#7869; t&#234; li&#7879;t &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#243;, v&#224; s&#7869; t&#7899;i l&#250;c ph&#7847;n c&#417; th&#7875; b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i c&#7911;a b&#7841;n s&#7869; &#8220;&#273;&#417;&#8221; ra v&#224; b&#7841;n s&#7869; kh&#244;ng c&#242;n ng&#7891;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c n&#7919;a. Khi &#7845;y, BS s&#7869; t&#7899;i, n&#7855;m hai b&#224;n ch&#226;n c&#7911;a b&#7841;n, v&#224; th&#7843;n nhi&#234;n t&#432;&#7899;c &#273;o&#7841;t c&#225;i qu&#7847;n c&#7911;a b&#7841;n. B&#7841;n c&#243; ch&#7889;ng c&#7921; c&#361;ng v&#244; &#237;ch v&#236; khi &#273;&#243; b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; b&#7883; ch&#237;ch thu&#7889;c t&#234;, b&#7841;n c&#243; x&#7845;u h&#7893; c&#361;ng v&#244; t&#225;c d&#7909;ng v&#236; khi &#273;&#243; d&#226;y th&#7847;n kinh x&#7845;u h&#7893; c&#7911;a b&#7841;n c&#361;ng b&#7883; t&#234; theo, ch&#7881; c&#242;n l&#7841;i c&#7843;m gi&#225;c s&#7907; h&#227;i m&#224; th&#244;i.</p><p>Ti&#7871;p theo, BS s&#7869; l&#7845;y m&#7897;t mi&#7871;ng v&#7843;i m&#224;u xanh l&#225; c&#226;y che &#273;i ph&#7847;n c&#417; th&#7875; b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i c&#7911;a b&#7841;n, sau &#273;&#243; c&#225;c b&#225;c tha h&#7891; &#8220;t&#249;ng x&#7867;o&#8221; m&#224; b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng c&#243; c&#7843;m gi&#225;c g&#236; c&#7843;, b&#7841;n s&#7869; kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t g&#236; c&#7843;, ch&#7881; nghe ti&#7871;ng k&#233;o c&#7855;t &#8220;k&#233;t k&#233;t&#8221; v&#224; ti&#7871;ng &#8220;x&#7883;t x&#7883;t&#8221; k&#232;m m&#7897;t m&#249;i gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; m&#249;i th&#7883;t ch&#225;y.</p><p>Th&#7901;i gian m&#7893; l&#224; 30 ph&#250;t, trong 30 ph&#250;t &#7845;y b&#7841;n s&#7869; nghe &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n nh&#432; sau:</p><p>- Anh mua mi&#7871;ng &#273;&#7845;t &#7845;y h&#417;n 500 tri&#7879;u h&#7843;? R&#7867; &#273;&#7845;y, mua tr&#7877; m&#7897;t t&#237; l&#224; &#273;&#7845;t s&#7889;t l&#234;n &#273;&#7845;y. &#8230;&#8230;.</p><p>- Nghe n&#243;i em ch&#417;i ch&#7913;ng kho&#225;n h&#7843;? &#272;&#432;&#7907;c kh&#244;ng? Anh c&#361;ng mu&#7889;n th&#7917; v&#7853;n may m&#7897;t t&#237;. &#8230;..</p><p>- Tr&#7901;i &#7841; h&#244;m qua b&#7883; ch&#7891;ng con H&#432;&#417;ng qu&#7853;y ng&#7911; ch&#7843; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c, n&#243; c&#7913; &#273;i&#7879;n tho&#7841;i v&#224;o m&#224; ch&#7917;i li&#234;n h&#7891;i. - &#7910;a, nghe n&#243;i l&#224; li d&#7883; r&#7891;i m&#224;?</p><p>- Th&#236; &#273;&#243;, t&#7841;i li d&#7883; r&#7891;i n&#234;n n&#243; m&#7899;i ch&#7917;i&#8230; V&#224; &#273;&#7841;i lo&#7841;i nh&#432; th&#7871;.</p><p>Sau khi m&#7893; xong, b&#7841;n s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chuy&#7875;n t&#7899;i ph&#242;ng h&#7853;u ph&#7851;u v&#224; n&#7857;m &#7903; &#273;&#243; kho&#7843;ng 3 ti&#7871;ng. Khi b&#7841;n &#273;ang n&#7857;m th&#236; s&#7869; c&#243; m&#7897;t l&#227;o BS (hay k&#7929; thu&#7853;t vi&#234;n g&#236; &#273;&#243;) &#273;i ngang qua, gi&#7903; t&#7845;m &#273;&#7855;p l&#234;n (khi b&#7841;n ch&#7859;ng c&#243; qu&#7847;n) v&#224; h&#7887;i: &#8220;M&#7893; g&#236; &#273;&#7845;y em?&#8221; B&#7841;n s&#7869; th&#7873;u th&#224;o v&#224; tr&#7843; l&#7901;i: &#8220;D&#7841;, m&#7893; c&#7855;t tr&#297;.&#8221; Ti&#7871;p theo, s&#7869; c&#243; m&#7897;t t&#234;n n&#7919;a, c&#361;ng gi&#7903; t&#7845;m &#273;&#7855;p l&#234;n, h&#7887;i: &#8220;Em co ch&#226;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#432;a?&#8221; V&#224; v&#236; b&#7841;n ch&#7863;c l&#432;&#7905;i t&#7921; nh&#7911; r&#7857;ng ch&#7859;ng c&#243; g&#236; &#8220;d&#432;&#7899;i &#7845;y&#8221; m&#224; h&#7855;n ph&#7843;i xem n&#234;n b&#7841;n s&#7869; b&#7843;o h&#7855;n: &#8220;B&#226;y gi&#7901; em &#273;&#225; anh c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c n&#7919;a!&#8221;</p><p>C&#244;ng &#273;o&#7841;n ti&#7871;p theo l&#224; b&#7841;n s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c mang v&#7873; ph&#242;ng b&#7879;nh. L&#250;c &#7845;y b&#7841;n v&#7851;n ch&#432;a th&#7845;y &#273;au v&#236; thu&#7889;c t&#234; v&#7851;n c&#242;n. Khi thu&#7889;c t&#234; h&#7871;t, b&#7841;n s&#7869; th&#7845;y &#273;au kh&#7911;ng khi&#7871;p, b&#7841;n s&#7869; nh&#7853;n ra r&#7857;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i ta &#273;&#227; nh&#233;t m&#7897;t mi&#7871;ng g&#7841;c v&#224;o &#8220;ch&#7895; &#7845;y&#8221; c&#7911;a b&#7841;n v&#224; bao b&#7885;c n&#243; b&#7857;ng m&#7897;t mi&#7871;ng g&#7841;c kh&#225;c &#8220;ho&#224;nh tr&#225;ng&#8221; h&#417;n. T&#7889;i &#273;&#7871;n, b&#7841;n s&#7869; van n&#224;i y t&#225; truy&#7873;n thu&#7889;c gi&#7843;m &#273;au cho b&#7841;n, m&#7863;c cho l&#7901;i r&#259;n &#273;e &#8220;Truy&#7873;n nhi&#7873;u s&#7869; h&#432; gan&#8221;. B&#7841;n s&#7869; t&#7921; n&#243;i v&#7899;i m&#236;nh r&#7857;ng: &#8220;Th&#224; ch&#7871;t c&#242;n h&#417;n.&#8221; N&#7871;u b&#7841;n l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i huy&#7871;t &#225;p th&#7845;p th&#236; b&#7841;n s&#7869; x&#7881;u ngay sau khi &#273;&#7863;t ch&#226;n xu&#7889;ng &#273;&#7845;t &#273;&#7875; &#273;i v&#236; m&#225;u ch&#432;a l&#432;u th&#244;ng k&#7883;p cho n&#234;n t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i n&#7857;m im m&#7897;t ch&#7895; cho t&#7899;i khi b&#7841;n c&#7843;m th&#7845;y c&#225;i b&#224;ng quang m&#236;nh c&#259;ng t&#7913;c l&#234;n th&#236; b&#7841;n s&#7869; hi&#7875;u l&#224; m&#236;nh c&#243; nhu c&#7847;u.. &#273;i t&#232;.</p><p>V&#236; b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng th&#7875; t&#7921; &#273;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c n&#234;n s&#7869; r&#7845;t l&#224; kh&#7889;n kh&#7893; cho ng&#432;&#7901;i y&#234;u/ch&#7891;ng c&#7911;a b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i v&#225;c b&#7841;n t&#7915; gi&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7879;nh v&#224;o toilet. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n ch&#432;a c&#243; gia &#273;&#236;nh th&#236; &#273;&#432;&#417;ng nhi&#234;n ng&#432;&#7901;i gi&#225;m s&#225;t s&#7869; l&#224; m&#7865; hi&#7873;n y&#234;u qu&#237; c&#7911;a b&#7841;n, v&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i y&#234;u c&#7911;a b&#7841;n ch&#7881; c&#243; th&#7875; nh&#236;n th&#7859;ng v&#224; nh&#236;n ngang ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#236;n xu&#7889;ng.</p><p>V&#236; b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i n&#7857;m m&#7897;t ch&#7889; n&#234;n tay ch&#226;n b&#7841;n s&#7869; t&#234; c&#7913;ng, t&#234; nh&#432; c&#243; ai v&#225;c m&#7897;t t&#7843;ng &#273;&#225; b&#7921; m&#224; &#273;&#232; l&#234;n. Ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#226;n c&#7911;a b&#7841;n s&#7869; x&#250;m l&#7841;i xoa b&#243;p nh&#432;ng t&#7845;t c&#7843; &#273;&#7873;u v&#244; d&#7909;ng cho t&#7899;i khi b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i t&#7921; t&#7853;p l&#7845;y cho m&#225;u l&#432;u th&#244;ng.</p><p>V&#236; ng&#432;&#7901;i ta nh&#233;t mi&#7871;ng g&#7841;c v&#224;o h&#7853;u m&#244;n c&#7911;a b&#7841;n n&#234;n b&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y v&#7915;a &#273;au &#273;&#7899;n, v&#7915;a kh&#243; ch&#7883;u. B&#7841;n s&#7869; van n&#224;i BS cho b&#7841;n l&#7845;y ra. L&#224;m sao b&#7841;n l&#7845;y ra &#273;&#432;&#7907;c v&#236; khi &#7845;y b&#7841;n &#273;au kh&#7911;ng khi&#7871;p, b&#7841;n s&#7869; ph&#7843;i nh&#7901; &#273;&#7871;n b&#224;n tay c&#7911;a m&#7865; hi&#7873;n y&#234;u d&#7845;u &#273;&#7875; t&#7889;ng kh&#7913; c&#225;i c&#7911;a n&#7907; &#7845;y &#273;i gi&#249;m b&#7841;n.</p><p>B&#7841;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c khuy&#234;n l&#224; ph&#7843;i &#259;n nhi&#7873;u &#273;&#7875; &#273;i ngo&#224;i s&#7899;m, c&#224;ng &#273;i ngo&#224;i s&#7899;m th&#236; b&#7841;n c&#224;ng ch&#243;ng l&#224;nh. &#192;, &#273;i ngo&#224;i &#7903; &#273;&#226;y t&#7913;c l&#224; &#273;i &#7883; &#273;&#7845;y &#7841;.</p><p>Khi b&#7841;n &#273;i &#7883;, b&#7841;n s&#7869; &#273;au &#273;&#7899;n v&#7853;t v&#227; v&#244; c&#249;ng. Khi &#7845;y b&#7841;n s&#7869; th&#7845;m th&#237;a c&#226;u n&#243;i: &#8220;Khi vui th&#236; ng&#432;&#7901;i ta s&#7869; vui gi&#249;m b&#7841;n, c&#242;n khi &#273;au b&#7841;n ch&#7881; &#273;au m&#7897;t m&#236;nh.&#8221; N&#7871;u b&#7841;n ch&#432;a tin, c&#7913; t&#432;&#7903;ng t&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;i, b&#7841;n s&#7869; h&#227;i ngay m&#224;.</p><p>H&#227;y t&#432;&#7907;ng t&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;i, m&#7895;i l&#7847;n &#273;i &#7883; xong l&#224; t&#432;&#7899;ng &#273;i c&#7911;a b&#7841;n r&#7845;t &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t v&#224; ch&#7881;&#8230;b&#242; th&#236; b&#7841;n m&#7899;i b&#7899;t &#273;au. Ho&#7863;c b&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#243; t&#432; th&#7871; &#8220;ng&#7921;c qu&#7853;n T&#226;n B&#236;nh m&#224; m&#244;ng th&#236; &#7903; t&#7853;n&#8230; Th&#7911; &#272;&#7913;c&#8221;. Ch&#7895; v&#7871;t th&#432;&#417;ng c&#7911;a b&#7841;n s&#7869; ra m&#225;u v&#224; &#273;&#234;m &#273;&#7871;n b&#7841;n s&#7869; ph&#7843;i l&#243;t m&#7897;t mi&#7871;ng th&#7845;m &#7903; ch&#7895; n&#7857;m.</p><p>R&#7891;i m&#7897;t ng&#224;y sau th&#236; b&#7841;n s&#7869; g&#7863;p &#8220;tai n&#7841;n h&#224;ng th&#225;ng&#8221; n&#7871;u b&#7841;n l&#224; ph&#7909; n&#7919;. R&#7889;t cu&#7897;c, t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#225;c &#8220;entry&#8221; c&#7911;a b&#7841;n &#273;&#7873;u &#8220;h&#7897;c m&#225;u&#8221; v&#224; b&#7841;n th&#236; v&#244; c&#249;ng lo l&#7855;ng v&#7871;t m&#7893; s&#7869; b&#7883; nhi&#7877;m tr&#249;ng. V&#224; v&#236; t&#242; m&#242;, tr&#432;&#7899;c khi nh&#7853;p vi&#7879;n b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7911; s&#7861;n m&#7897;t t&#7845;m g&#432;&#417;ng, b&#7841;n soi xu&#7889;ng s&#7869; th&#7845;y v&#7871;t m&#7893; &#273;&#7875; l&#7841;i m&#7897;t c&#225;i c&#7909;c to b&#7857;ng &#273;&#7847;u ng&#243;n tay &#250;t, s&#432;ng t&#7845;y, &#273;&#7887; m&#7885;ng.</p><p>M&#7895;i l&#7847;n &#273;i &#7883;, b&#7841;n s&#7869; n&#243;i v&#7899;i m&#236;nh r&#7857;ng: &#8220;Th&#224;&#8230;.&#273;au &#273;&#7867; c&#242;n h&#417;n&#8221; v&#236; theo b&#7841;n &#273;au &#273;&#7867; b&#7841;n c&#242;n l&#7901;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t em b&#233;, ch&#7913; c&#242;n &#273;i &#7883; ki&#7875;u n&#224;y b&#7841;n ch&#7843; l&#7901;i l&#7897;c g&#236; c&#7843;, ch&#7881; th&#7845;y &#273;au &#273;&#7899;n v&#244; c&#249;ng m&#224; th&#244;i.</p><p>B&#7843;o &#273;&#7843;m khi &#273;au b&#7841;n s&#7869; r&#234;n la kh&#7855;p ph&#242;ng, b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng c&#242;n ngh&#297; t&#7899;i chuy&#7879;n x&#7845;u h&#7893;, m&#224; ch&#7881; ngh&#297; &#273;&#7871;n c&#417;n &#273;au c&#7911;a m&#236;nh th&#244;i. B&#7841;n v&#7915;a &#273;au v&#7915;a t&#7911;i th&#226;n, v&#7915;a gi&#7853;n t&#237;m m&#7863;t t&#237;m m&#361;i v&#236; m&#7845;y &#273;&#7913;a b&#7841;n th&#226;n nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7913;a n&#224;o th&#259;m b&#7841;n. V&#236; sao &#432;? Ai b&#7843;o b&#7841;n nh&#7855;n tin cho t&#7909;i n&#243; v&#224;o ng&#224;y 1.4 ch&#7913;? M&#7863;c d&#249; b&#7841;n ch&#432;a bao gi&#7901; l&#7915;a t&#7909;i n&#243; v&#224;o ng&#224;y n&#224;y c&#7843;.</p><p>B&#7841;n kh&#244;ng tin &#432;?</p><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n n&#7871;m tr&#7843;i &#273;au th&#432;&#417;ng nh&#432; t&#244;i, h&#227;y l&#224;m theo nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u sau:</p><p>1. L&#432;&#7901;i v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng</p><p>2. U&#7889;ng &#237;t n&#432;&#7899;c</p><p>3. Kh&#244;ng &#259;n rau, ch&#7845;t x&#417;</p><p>4. Ng&#7891;i nhi&#7873;u</p><p>5. N&#237;n &#7883; m&#7895;i khi b&#7841;n m&#7855;c &#7883;</p><p>6. &#192;, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t khi b&#7841;n mang thai v&#224; sinh con th&#236; b&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#243; 70% nguy c&#417; b&#7883; b&#7879;nh n&#224;y cho d&#249; b&#7841;n c&#243; mu&#7889;n hay kh&#244;ng.</p><p>C&#242;n n&#7871;u b&#7841;n c&#243; nh&#7919;ng tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng sau:</p><p>1. T&#225;o b&#243;n</p><p>2. &#272;i c&#7847;u ra m&#225;u</p><p>Th&#236; h&#227;y nhanh nhanh xem l&#7841;i ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; &#259;n u&#7889;ng v&#224; sinh ho&#7841;t c&#7911;a m&#236;nh, sau &#273;&#243; g&#7863;p BS kh&#225;m ngay. V&#236; vi&#7879;c &#273;i c&#7847;u ra m&#225;u c&#243; th&#7875; v&#7915;a l&#224; b&#7879;nh, v&#7915;a l&#224; tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng c&#7911;a b&#7879;nh.</p><p>N&#7871;u l&#224; b&#7879;nh th&#236; th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; b&#7879;nh tr&#297;.</p><p>N&#7871;u l&#224; tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng th&#236; th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng c&#7911;a b&#7879;nh ung th&#432; tr&#7921;c tr&#224;ng. H&#227;y coi ch&#7915;ng s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e c&#7911;a b&#7841;n.</p><p>Cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng, t&#244;i mong r&#7857;ng b&#7841;n s&#7869; kh&#244;ng bao gi&#7901; gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; t&#244;i.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Giặc đang ở trong tay nhà ngươi ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Truy&#7879;n k&#7875; r&#7857;ng khi An D&#432;&#417;ng V&#432;&#417;ng c&#432;&#7905;i ng&#7921;a c&#249;ng con g&#225;i l&#224; M&#7925; N&#432;&#417;ng &#7903; sau l&#432;ng &#273;&#7875; ch&#7841;y kh&#7887;i qu&#226;n c&#7911;a Tri&#7879;u &#272;&#224; th&#236; th&#7847;n Kim Quy &#273;&#227; hi&#7879;n l&#234;n b&#7843;o: &#8220;Gi&#7863;c &#273;ang &#7903; sau l&#432;ng nh&#224; ng&#432;&#417;i &#273;&#243;!&#8221; Nh&#224; vua quay l&#7841;i, th&#7845;y con g&#225;i &#273;ang r&#7855;c l&#244;ng ng&#7895;ng n&#234;n t&#7913;c gi&#7853;n r&#250;t g&#432;&#417;m ch&#233;m ch&#7871;t n&#224;ng.]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/giac-ang-o-trong-tay-nha-nguoi</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/giac-ang-o-trong-tay-nha-nguoi</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 06 Feb 2015 07:10:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LSgL!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb05109e7-9714-4687-a021-394d0fd7e387_600x310.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LSgL!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb05109e7-9714-4687-a021-394d0fd7e387_600x310.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LSgL!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb05109e7-9714-4687-a021-394d0fd7e387_600x310.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LSgL!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb05109e7-9714-4687-a021-394d0fd7e387_600x310.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LSgL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb05109e7-9714-4687-a021-394d0fd7e387_600x310.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LSgL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb05109e7-9714-4687-a021-394d0fd7e387_600x310.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LSgL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb05109e7-9714-4687-a021-394d0fd7e387_600x310.jpeg" width="600" height="310" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b05109e7-9714-4687-a021-394d0fd7e387_600x310.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:310,&quot;width&quot;:600,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:35653,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LSgL!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb05109e7-9714-4687-a021-394d0fd7e387_600x310.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LSgL!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb05109e7-9714-4687-a021-394d0fd7e387_600x310.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LSgL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb05109e7-9714-4687-a021-394d0fd7e387_600x310.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LSgL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb05109e7-9714-4687-a021-394d0fd7e387_600x310.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Truy&#7879;n k&#7875; r&#7857;ng khi An D&#432;&#417;ng V&#432;&#417;ng c&#432;&#7905;i ng&#7921;a c&#249;ng con g&#225;i l&#224; M&#7925; N&#432;&#417;ng &#7903; sau l&#432;ng &#273;&#7875; ch&#7841;y kh&#7887;i qu&#226;n c&#7911;a Tri&#7879;u &#272;&#224; th&#236; th&#7847;n Kim Quy &#273;&#227; hi&#7879;n l&#234;n b&#7843;o: &#8220;Gi&#7863;c &#273;ang &#7903; sau l&#432;ng nh&#224; ng&#432;&#417;i &#273;&#243;!&#8221; Nh&#224; vua quay l&#7841;i, th&#7845;y con g&#225;i &#273;ang r&#7855;c l&#244;ng ng&#7895;ng n&#234;n t&#7913;c gi&#7853;n r&#250;t g&#432;&#417;m ch&#233;m ch&#7871;t n&#224;ng.</em> (M&#7925; Ch&#226;u &#8211; Tr&#7885;ng Th&#7911;y) C&#226;u chuy&#7879;n cho th&#7845;y c&#243; nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; g&#226;y h&#7841;i cho ch&#250;ng ta l&#7841;i &#7903; r&#7845;t g&#7847;n ta m&#224; kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t. B&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y nh&#7855;c &#273;&#7871;n m&#7897;t &#8220;b&#7885;n gi&#7863;c&#8221; &#7903; ch&#237;nh &#273;&#244;i tay c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta. &#272;&#243; l&#224; nh&#7919;ng vi khu&#7849;n c&#243; h&#7841;i, th&#7853;m ch&#237; c&#243; th&#7875; g&#226;y ch&#7871;t ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#7871;u tay kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#7917;a s&#7841;ch. T&#7893; ch&#7913;c Y t&#7871; Th&#7871; gi&#7899;i &#273;&#227; ban h&#224;nh hai v&#259;n b&#7843;n quan tr&#7885;ng v&#7873; vi&#7879;c gi&#7919; g&#236;n v&#7879; sinh tay t&#7841;i c&#225;c c&#417; s&#7903; y t&#7871; &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh s&#7921; l&#226;y lan c&#7911;a c&#225;c b&#7879;nh nhi&#7877;m tr&#249;ng &#7903; m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7879;nh vi&#7879;n. 1. <a href="http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241597906_eng.pdf">WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care</a> 2. <a href="http://www.who.int/gpsc/5may/hh_guide.pdf">Hand Hygiene in Outpatient and Home-based Care and Long-term Care Facilities</a> N&#259;m 2005 WHO th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch Patient Safety (V&#236; s&#7921; an to&#224;n c&#7911;a b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n) v&#7899;i ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; &#8220;Clean Care is Safer Care&#8221; &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;m s&#7921; l&#226;y lan c&#7911;a c&#225;c b&#7879;nh nhi&#7877;m tr&#249;ng &#7903; m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7879;nh vi&#7879;n. V&#224;o ng&#224;y 5 th&#225;ng n&#259;m 2009, WHO m&#7903; l&#7841;i chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch n&#224;y v&#7899;i t&#234;n g&#7885;i &#8220;<a href="http://www.who.int/gpsc/5may/background/en/">Save Lives: Clean Your Hand</a>s&#8221; (&#272;&#7875; c&#7913;u ng&#432;&#7901;i: H&#227;y L&#224;m s&#7841;ch &#272;&#244;i tay c&#7911;a b&#7841;n _ M&#236;nh kh&#244;ng d&#7883;ch &#8220;clean&#8221; l&#224; &#8220;r&#7917;a&#8221; v&#236; n&#7871;u r&#7917;a kh&#244;ng &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;ch th&#236; tay kh&#244;ng s&#7841;ch &#273;&#432;&#7907;c).</p><p><strong>I. GI&#7898;I THI&#7878;U</strong> </p><p>Khi v&#224;o nh&#224; v&#7879; sinh c&#244;ng c&#7897;ng, n&#7871;u quan s&#225;t b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7845;y ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c ch&#7881; r&#7917;a tay d&#432;&#7899;i v&#242;i n&#432;&#7899;c ch&#7915;ng m&#7897;t v&#224;i gi&#226;y r&#7891;i &#273;i ra, ho&#7863;c c&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#244;ng r&#7917;a g&#236; c&#7843;. <em><strong>B&#7841;n c&#243; ngh&#297; l&#224; m&#236;nh &#273;ang/&#273;&#227; t&#7915;ng l&#224;m gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; h&#7885; kh&#244;ng?</strong></em><strong> </strong>Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ai c&#361;ng bi&#7871;t r&#7857;ng virus v&#224; vi khu&#7849;n c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7889;ng s&#243;t trong v&#242;ng 2 gi&#7901; ho&#7863;c h&#417;n &#7903; c&#225;c tay n&#7855;m c&#7917;a, b&#224;n ph&#237;m v&#224; nh&#7919;ng n&#417;i m&#224; tay ch&#250;ng ta c&#243; th&#7875; ch&#7841;m v&#224;o. V&#236; v&#7853;y, r&#7917;a tay l&#224; bi&#7879;n ph&#225;p h&#7919;u hi&#7879;u nh&#7845;t v&#224; d&#7877; d&#224;ng nh&#7845;t m&#224; t&#7845;t c&#7843; m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7873;u l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh c&#225;c b&#7879;nh truy&#7873;n nhi&#7877;m do ti&#7871;p x&#250;c cho b&#7843;n th&#226;n v&#224; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#226;n y&#234;u. Trong c&#417; th&#7875; c&#7911;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i, &#273;&#244;i tay l&#224; b&#7897; ph&#7853;n &#8220;b&#7849;n&#8221; nh&#7845;t, l&#224; n&#417;i c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#225;t t&#225;n b&#7879;nh nhanh nh&#7845;t v&#224; nguy hi&#7875;m nh&#7845;t m&#224; ch&#250;ng ta kh&#244;ng th&#7875; ki&#7875;m so&#225;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. B&#7903;i l&#7869; nh&#7919;ng m&#7847;m b&#7879;nh kh&#244;ng th&#7875; nh&#236;n th&#7845;y b&#7857;ng m&#7855;t th&#432;&#7901;ng. M&#7897;t v&#237; d&#7909;, n&#7871;u m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#7843;m c&#250;m &#273;&#7913;ng g&#7847;n b&#7841;n h&#7855;t x&#236; m&#224; kh&#244;ng che mi&#7879;ng, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; bi&#7871;t ho&#7863;c l&#432;&#7901;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; m&#236;nh s&#7869; b&#7883; l&#226;y b&#7879;nh. Nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u ng&#432;&#7901;i &#7845;y l&#7845;y tay che mi&#7879;ng khi h&#7855;t x&#236;, v&#224; sau &#273;&#243; v&#244; t&#236;nh b&#7855;t tay b&#7841;n hay &#273;&#7897;ng ch&#7841;m v&#224;o ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7841;n, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7883; l&#226;y b&#7879;nh m&#224; kh&#244;ng h&#7873; bi&#7871;t! Trong ho&#224;n c&#7843;nh g&#7847;n gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; v&#7853;y, ng&#432;&#7901;i &#7845;y kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7897;ng v&#224;o ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7841;n, nh&#432;ng tay l&#7841;i c&#7847;m v&#224;o tay n&#7855;m c&#7917;a m&#224; 5 ph&#250;t sau b&#7841;n s&#7869; ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7909;ng v&#224;o &#273;&#7875; m&#7903; c&#7917;a, b&#7841;n c&#361;ng s&#7869; c&#243; nguy c&#417; l&#226;y b&#7879;nh t&#7915; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#7845;y n&#7871;u nh&#432; b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng r&#7917;a tay. Nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n c&#361;ng ch&#7881; c&#243; m&#7897;t, t&#7913;c l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; b&#7879;nh kh&#244;ng r&#7917;a tay sau khi che mi&#7879;ng h&#7855;t x&#236;. B&#224;n tay b&#7883; nhi&#7877;m khu&#7849;n t&#7915; n&#432;&#7899;c ti&#7875;u, n&#432;&#7899;c b&#7885;t, d&#7883;ch nh&#7847;y, ph&#226;n c&#361;ng nh&#432; c&#225;c ch&#7845;t l&#7887;ng kh&#225;c t&#7915; c&#417; th&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i (body fluids) c&#243; th&#7875; d&#7877; d&#224;ng ph&#225;t t&#225;n c&#225;c virus g&#226;y b&#7879;nh c&#250;m, khu&#7849;n li&#234;n c&#7847;u (streptococcus), khu&#7849;n t&#7909; c&#7847;u (staphylococcus) v&#224; nhi&#7873;u khu&#7849;n ch&#7871;t ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c. N&#7871;u sau khi &#273;i v&#7879; sinh m&#224; kh&#244;ng r&#7917;a tay s&#7841;ch th&#236; khu&#7849;n tr&#234;n tay b&#7841;n, cho d&#249; ch&#7881; &#7903; &#273;&#7847;u ng&#243;n tay, c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#225;t t&#225;n qua &#273;&#7891; &#259;n th&#7913;c u&#7889;ng ho&#7863;c tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p v&#224;o mi&#7879;ng b&#7841;n. Nh&#7919;ng b&#7879;nh &#273;&#243; g&#7891;m c&#243; Salmonellosis (g&#226;y ra do khu&#7849;n xanmon), Hepatitis A (virus vi&#234;m gan A), Enterovirus (b&#7879;nh l&#226;y lan r&#7845;t nhanh, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t c&#7921;c k&#7923; nguy hi&#7875;m cho ph&#7909; n&#7919; c&#243; thai v&#224; tr&#7867; nh&#7887;. Ph&#7909; n&#7919; c&#243; thai b&#7883; nhi&#7877;m enterovirus r&#7845;t nguy hi&#7875;m v&#236; c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7883; s&#7849;y thai, thai l&#432;u, d&#7883; t&#7853;t thai nhi ho&#7863;c c&#225;c b&#7879;nh b&#7849;m sinh kh&#225;c cho em b&#233;), Giardiasis (b&#7879;nh vi&#234;m d&#7841; d&#224;y ru&#7897;t &#8211; gastroenteritis) v&#224; c&#225;c b&#7879;nh li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng ru&#7897;t kh&#225;c nh&#432; Amebiasis v&#224; Shigellosis. R&#7917;a tay &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;ch sau khi &#273;i v&#7879; sinh, thay t&#227; cho con ho&#7863;c d&#7885;n ph&#226;n s&#250;c v&#7853;t l&#224; bi&#7879;n ph&#225;p h&#7919;u hi&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; ph&#242;ng tr&#225;nh s&#7921; l&#226;y lan c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng b&#7879;nh n&#224;y.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2015/02/hand_plate_k1_k2.jpg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiqG!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe76ab425-c288-4df1-b04c-95eaf5dd8c6d_600x292.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiqG!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe76ab425-c288-4df1-b04c-95eaf5dd8c6d_600x292.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiqG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe76ab425-c288-4df1-b04c-95eaf5dd8c6d_600x292.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiqG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe76ab425-c288-4df1-b04c-95eaf5dd8c6d_600x292.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiqG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe76ab425-c288-4df1-b04c-95eaf5dd8c6d_600x292.jpeg" width="600" height="292" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e76ab425-c288-4df1-b04c-95eaf5dd8c6d_600x292.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:292,&quot;width&quot;:600,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#297;a b&#234;n tr&#225;i l&#224; m&#7851;u vi khu&#7849;n tr&#234;n tay khi ch&#432;a th&#7845;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7857;ng m&#7855;t th&#432;&#7901;ng. &#272;&#297;a b&#234;n ph&#7843;i l&#224; vi khu&#7849;n &#273;&#227; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n v&#224;i gi&#7901; sau &#273;&#243;.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#297;a b&#234;n tr&#225;i l&#224; m&#7851;u vi khu&#7849;n tr&#234;n tay khi ch&#432;a th&#7845;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7857;ng m&#7855;t th&#432;&#7901;ng. &#272;&#297;a b&#234;n ph&#7843;i l&#224; vi khu&#7849;n &#273;&#227; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n v&#224;i gi&#7901; sau &#273;&#243;.&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2015/02/hand_plate_k1_k2.jpg&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="&#272;&#297;a b&#234;n tr&#225;i l&#224; m&#7851;u vi khu&#7849;n tr&#234;n tay khi ch&#432;a th&#7845;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7857;ng m&#7855;t th&#432;&#7901;ng. &#272;&#297;a b&#234;n ph&#7843;i l&#224; vi khu&#7849;n &#273;&#227; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n v&#224;i gi&#7901; sau &#273;&#243;." title="&#272;&#297;a b&#234;n tr&#225;i l&#224; m&#7851;u vi khu&#7849;n tr&#234;n tay khi ch&#432;a th&#7845;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7857;ng m&#7855;t th&#432;&#7901;ng. &#272;&#297;a b&#234;n ph&#7843;i l&#224; vi khu&#7849;n &#273;&#227; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n v&#224;i gi&#7901; sau &#273;&#243;." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiqG!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe76ab425-c288-4df1-b04c-95eaf5dd8c6d_600x292.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiqG!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe76ab425-c288-4df1-b04c-95eaf5dd8c6d_600x292.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiqG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe76ab425-c288-4df1-b04c-95eaf5dd8c6d_600x292.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiqG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe76ab425-c288-4df1-b04c-95eaf5dd8c6d_600x292.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#272;&#297;a b&#234;n tr&#225;i l&#224; m&#7851;u vi khu&#7849;n tr&#234;n tay khi ch&#432;a th&#7845;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7857;ng m&#7855;t th&#432;&#7901;ng.</p><p>&#272;&#297;a b&#234;n ph&#7843;i l&#224; vi khu&#7849;n &#273;&#227; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n v&#224;i gi&#7901; sau &#273;&#243;. <em>Ngu&#7891;n &#7843;nh: Hand Hygiene Australia</em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2015/02/hand-hygiene.jpg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zLzQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3dfcb0d-0dff-48bb-a39e-2688719f9569_600x310.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zLzQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3dfcb0d-0dff-48bb-a39e-2688719f9569_600x310.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zLzQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3dfcb0d-0dff-48bb-a39e-2688719f9569_600x310.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zLzQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3dfcb0d-0dff-48bb-a39e-2688719f9569_600x310.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zLzQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3dfcb0d-0dff-48bb-a39e-2688719f9569_600x310.jpeg" width="600" height="310" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e3dfcb0d-0dff-48bb-a39e-2688719f9569_600x310.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:310,&quot;width&quot;:600,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch: \&quot;Tay s&#7841;ch c&#7913;u ng&#432;&#7901;i\&quot; c&#7911;a WHO&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch: \&quot;Tay s&#7841;ch c&#7913;u ng&#432;&#7901;i\&quot; c&#7911;a WHO&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2015/02/hand-hygiene.jpg&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch: &quot;Tay s&#7841;ch c&#7913;u ng&#432;&#7901;i&quot; c&#7911;a WHO" title="Chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch: &quot;Tay s&#7841;ch c&#7913;u ng&#432;&#7901;i&quot; c&#7911;a WHO" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zLzQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3dfcb0d-0dff-48bb-a39e-2688719f9569_600x310.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zLzQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3dfcb0d-0dff-48bb-a39e-2688719f9569_600x310.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zLzQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3dfcb0d-0dff-48bb-a39e-2688719f9569_600x310.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zLzQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3dfcb0d-0dff-48bb-a39e-2688719f9569_600x310.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch: &#8220;Tay s&#7841;ch c&#7913;u ng&#432;&#7901;i&#8221; c&#7911;a WHO</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2015/02/salmonellosis.jpg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rqKB!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ac3b721-7c09-4fb8-a6f7-48c40f4b0bae_230x193.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rqKB!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ac3b721-7c09-4fb8-a6f7-48c40f4b0bae_230x193.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rqKB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ac3b721-7c09-4fb8-a6f7-48c40f4b0bae_230x193.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rqKB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ac3b721-7c09-4fb8-a6f7-48c40f4b0bae_230x193.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rqKB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ac3b721-7c09-4fb8-a6f7-48c40f4b0bae_230x193.jpeg" width="230" height="193" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3ac3b721-7c09-4fb8-a6f7-48c40f4b0bae_230x193.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:193,&quot;width&quot;:230,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;salmonellosis&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;salmonellosis&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2015/02/salmonellosis.jpg&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="salmonellosis" title="salmonellosis" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rqKB!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ac3b721-7c09-4fb8-a6f7-48c40f4b0bae_230x193.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rqKB!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ac3b721-7c09-4fb8-a6f7-48c40f4b0bae_230x193.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rqKB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ac3b721-7c09-4fb8-a6f7-48c40f4b0bae_230x193.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rqKB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ac3b721-7c09-4fb8-a6f7-48c40f4b0bae_230x193.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Salmonellosis Tay b&#7849;n &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t nguy hi&#7875;m cho tr&#7867; em v&#236; c&#225;c b&#233; th&#237;ch cho tay v&#224;o mi&#7879;ng, kh&#225;m ph&#225;, &#273;&#7909;ng ch&#7841;m &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#7841;c xung quanh. Cha m&#7865; c&#7847;n th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n r&#7917;a tay cho con (&#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i b&#233; nh&#7887;) v&#224; d&#7841;y cho con th&#243;i quen r&#7917;a tay (&#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i b&#233; l&#7899;n) tr&#432;&#7899;c khi &#259;n, sau khi &#273;i v&#7879; sinh, sau khi &#273;i ch&#417;i v&#7873;. C&#225;c con c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#7841;y r&#7857;ng d&#249; b&#224;n tay tr&#244;ng c&#243; v&#7867; s&#7841;ch, nh&#432;ng v&#7851;n c&#243; th&#7875; mang nh&#7919;ng vi khu&#7849;n g&#226;y b&#7879;nh cho m&#236;nh.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Tay-duoi-den-UV.jpg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KLWl!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2bc401e-1c64-4103-9be4-29aabede2e9e_200x150.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KLWl!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2bc401e-1c64-4103-9be4-29aabede2e9e_200x150.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KLWl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2bc401e-1c64-4103-9be4-29aabede2e9e_200x150.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KLWl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2bc401e-1c64-4103-9be4-29aabede2e9e_200x150.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KLWl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2bc401e-1c64-4103-9be4-29aabede2e9e_200x150.jpeg" width="200" height="150" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d2bc401e-1c64-4103-9be4-29aabede2e9e_200x150.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:150,&quot;width&quot;:200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Tay sau khi r&#7917;a, soi d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#232;n UV v&#7851;n th&#7845;y c&#225;c vi khu&#7849;n, d&#249; nh&#236;n b&#7873; ngo&#224;i c&#243; v&#7867; s&#7841;ch.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Tay sau khi r&#7917;a, soi d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#232;n UV v&#7851;n th&#7845;y c&#225;c vi khu&#7849;n, d&#249; nh&#236;n b&#7873; ngo&#224;i c&#243; v&#7867; s&#7841;ch.&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Tay-duoi-den-UV.jpg&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Tay sau khi r&#7917;a, soi d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#232;n UV v&#7851;n th&#7845;y c&#225;c vi khu&#7849;n, d&#249; nh&#236;n b&#7873; ngo&#224;i c&#243; v&#7867; s&#7841;ch." title="Tay sau khi r&#7917;a, soi d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#232;n UV v&#7851;n th&#7845;y c&#225;c vi khu&#7849;n, d&#249; nh&#236;n b&#7873; ngo&#224;i c&#243; v&#7867; s&#7841;ch." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KLWl!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2bc401e-1c64-4103-9be4-29aabede2e9e_200x150.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KLWl!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2bc401e-1c64-4103-9be4-29aabede2e9e_200x150.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KLWl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2bc401e-1c64-4103-9be4-29aabede2e9e_200x150.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KLWl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2bc401e-1c64-4103-9be4-29aabede2e9e_200x150.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Tay sau khi r&#7917;a, soi d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#232;n UV v&#7851;n th&#7845;y c&#225;c vi khu&#7849;n, d&#249; nh&#236;n b&#7873; ngo&#224;i c&#243; v&#7867; s&#7841;ch. <em>Ngu&#7891;n: Internet</em></p><p><br><strong>II. T&#7846;M QUAN TR&#7884;NG C&#7910;A VI&#7878;C V&#7878; SINH TAY &#272;&#218;NG C&#193;CH T&#7840;I C&#193;C C&#416; S&#7902; Y T&#7870;</strong> </p><p>C&#225;c b&#7879;nh truy&#7873;n nhi&#7877;m trong m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng y t&#7871; (HAIs &#8211; Healthcare Associated Infections) l&#224; c&#225;c b&#7879;nh truy&#7873;n nhi&#7877;m trong b&#7879;nh vi&#7879;n v&#224; c&#225;c c&#417; s&#7903; y t&#7871; do h&#7853;u qu&#7843; c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c can thi&#7879;p v&#7873; m&#7863;t y khoa. Nhi&#7873;u b&#7879;nh trong s&#7889; n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#242;ng tr&#225;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. C&#225;c b&#7879;nh g&#226;y ra do HAIs kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; c&#225;c b&#7879;nh &#8220;kh&#244;ng l&#432;&#7901;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c&#8221; m&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#242;ng tr&#225;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. Nhi&#7873;u nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#273;&#227; ch&#7881; ra r&#7857;ng c&#225;c vi sinh v&#7853;t (microorganisms) c&#7911;a HAIs c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7883; c&#244; l&#7853;p tr&#234;n da ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng (da l&#224;nh, kh&#244;ng b&#7883; th&#432;&#417;ng, b&#7883; v&#7871;t th&#432;&#417;ng h&#7903;). C&#225;c vi sinh v&#7853;t n&#224;y g&#7891;m c&#243; vi khu&#7849;n, virus v&#224; n&#7845;m v&#7889;n c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7883; l&#226;y truy&#7873;n t&#7915; ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#224;y sang ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c th&#244;ng qua vi&#7879;c ti&#7871;p x&#250;c qua da ho&#7863;c t&#7915; b&#7873; m&#7863;t v&#7853;t d&#7909;ng ho&#7863;c m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng xung quanh nh&#432; thi&#7871;t b&#7883; y t&#7871;, gi&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7879;nh v&#224; r&#232;m c&#7917;a. Nh&#7919;ng vi sinh v&#7853;t n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7883; l&#226;y truy&#7873;n d&#7877; d&#224;ng t&#7915; tay c&#7911;a nh&#226;n vi&#234;n y t&#7871; &#273;&#7871;n b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n ho&#7863;c m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng xung quanh. </p><p>Ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7879;nh &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t r&#7845;t d&#7877; b&#7883; l&#226;y nhi&#7877;m HAIs, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang m&#7855;c b&#7879;nh n&#7863;ng, h&#7879; mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch &#273;ang suy y&#7871;u, nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7899;i ph&#7851;u thu&#7853;t ho&#7863;c ph&#7843;i d&#249;ng nh&#7919;ng d&#7909;ng c&#7909; h&#7895; tr&#7907; nh&#432; m&#225;y th&#7903; v&#224; &#7889;ng truy&#7873;n d&#7883;ch. Nh&#7919;ng n&#417;i c&#243; th&#7875; ch&#7913;a m&#7847;m b&#7879;nh g&#7891;m c&#243; da c&#7911;a b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n, tay c&#7911;a y b&#225;c s&#297;, tay n&#7855;m b&#7879;nh vi&#7879;n, th&#224;nh gi&#432;&#7901;ng, ch&#259;n m&#224;n c&#7911;a b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n. Nh&#226;n vi&#234;n y t&#7871; c&#243; th&#7875; truy&#7873;n b&#7879;nh m&#224; kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t t&#7915; ch&#237;nh b&#224;n tay c&#7911;a m&#236;nh th&#244;ng qua vi&#7879;c ti&#7871;p x&#250;c v&#7899;i b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n n&#224;y v&#7899;i b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n kh&#225;c, ho&#7863;c t&#7915; b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n n&#224;y &#273;&#7871;n m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng xung quanh (nh&#432; v&#7853;t d&#7909;ng trong b&#7879;nh vi&#7879;n) v&#224; b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n k&#7871; ti&#7871;p, n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng r&#7917;a tay &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;ch. H&#7885; c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; l&#226;y b&#7879;nh cho ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh v&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#226;n c&#7911;a h&#7885; n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n nghi&#234;m ng&#7863;t vi&#7879;c v&#7879; sinh tay sau khi r&#7901;i n&#417;i l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#224; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi b&#432;&#7899;c v&#224;o nh&#224;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Fig1.7.5abWHO.gif" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PZPa!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_lossy/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6691807d-b29c-40cb-9ee1-dd22a50a382e_500x366.gif 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PZPa!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_lossy/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6691807d-b29c-40cb-9ee1-dd22a50a382e_500x366.gif 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PZPa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_lossy/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6691807d-b29c-40cb-9ee1-dd22a50a382e_500x366.gif 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PZPa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_lossy/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6691807d-b29c-40cb-9ee1-dd22a50a382e_500x366.gif 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PZPa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_lossy/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6691807d-b29c-40cb-9ee1-dd22a50a382e_500x366.gif" width="500" height="366" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6691807d-b29c-40cb-9ee1-dd22a50a382e_500x366.gif&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:366,&quot;width&quot;:500,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Nh&#7919;ng ch&#7845;m m&#224;u cam cho th&#7845;y vi khu&#7849;n l&#226;y lan t&#7915; b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n A &#273;&#7871;n b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n B khi b&#225;c s&#297; kh&#244;ng r&#7917;a tay s&#7841;ch.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Nh&#7919;ng ch&#7845;m m&#224;u cam cho th&#7845;y vi khu&#7849;n l&#226;y lan t&#7915; b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n A &#273;&#7871;n b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n B khi b&#225;c s&#297; kh&#244;ng r&#7917;a tay s&#7841;ch.&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Fig1.7.5abWHO.gif&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Nh&#7919;ng ch&#7845;m m&#224;u cam cho th&#7845;y vi khu&#7849;n l&#226;y lan t&#7915; b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n A &#273;&#7871;n b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n B khi b&#225;c s&#297; kh&#244;ng r&#7917;a tay s&#7841;ch." title="Nh&#7919;ng ch&#7845;m m&#224;u cam cho th&#7845;y vi khu&#7849;n l&#226;y lan t&#7915; b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n A &#273;&#7871;n b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n B khi b&#225;c s&#297; kh&#244;ng r&#7917;a tay s&#7841;ch." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PZPa!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_lossy/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6691807d-b29c-40cb-9ee1-dd22a50a382e_500x366.gif 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PZPa!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_lossy/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6691807d-b29c-40cb-9ee1-dd22a50a382e_500x366.gif 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PZPa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_lossy/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6691807d-b29c-40cb-9ee1-dd22a50a382e_500x366.gif 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PZPa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_lossy/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6691807d-b29c-40cb-9ee1-dd22a50a382e_500x366.gif 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Nh&#7919;ng ch&#7845;m m&#224;u cam cho th&#7845;y vi khu&#7849;n l&#226;y lan t&#7915; b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n A &#273;&#7871;n b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n B khi b&#225;c s&#297; kh&#244;ng r&#7917;a tay s&#7841;ch. <em>Ngu&#7891;n: WHO</em> <strong>H&#7853;u qu&#7843; c&#7911;a HAIs:</strong> - G&#226;y th&#234;m b&#7879;nh cho b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n - K&#233;o d&#224;i th&#7901;i gian nh&#7853;p vi&#7879;n - K&#233;o d&#224;i th&#7901;i gian h&#7891;i ph&#7909;c - T&#7889;n k&#233;m chi ph&#237; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; <em><strong>Nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng d&#7877; b&#7883; nhi&#7877;m HAIs:</strong></em></p><p>- Tr&#7867; em: tr&#7867; sinh non v&#224; tr&#7867; &#273;ang b&#7879;nh n&#7863;ng </p><p>- Ng&#432;&#7901;i gi&#224; </p><p>- Nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; b&#7879;nh kinh ni&#234;n nh&#432; b&#7879;nh ti&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng </p><p>- Nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; h&#7879; mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch suy y&#7871;u do b&#7879;nh t&#7853;t, &#273;ang h&#243;a tr&#7883; ho&#7863;c d&#249;ng steroids. </p><p>M&#7897;t s&#7889; b&#7879;nh ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n b&#7883; l&#226;y nhi&#7877;m t&#7915; m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7879;nh vi&#7879;n: </p><p>- Nhi&#7877;m tr&#249;ng &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng ti&#7875;u (UTI) - Nhi&#7877;m tr&#249;ng v&#7871;t th&#432;&#417;ng </p><p>- Vi&#234;m ph&#7893;i (pneumonia) </p><p>- Nhi&#7877;m tr&#249;ng &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng m&#225;u (blood stream infection) C&#225;c b&#7879;nh n&#224;y th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; b&#7857;ng kh&#225;ng sinh v&#224; c&#243; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; t&#7889;t. Tuy nhi&#234;n c&#243; m&#7897;t s&#7889; b&#7879;nh nguy hi&#7875;m, th&#7853;m ch&#237; &#273;e d&#7885;a &#273;&#7871;n t&#237;nh m&#7841;ng, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t do vi khu&#7849;n kh&#225;ng thu&#7889;c. Hai trong s&#7889; c&#225;c b&#7879;nh c&#243; th&#7875; g&#226;y ch&#7871;t ng&#432;&#7901;i g&#7891;m c&#243;: </p><p>- MRSA ((Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus), hay c&#242;n g&#7885;i l&#224; &#8220;golden staph&#8221;, b&#7879;nh t&#7909; c&#7847;u khu&#7849;n v&#224;ng hay <a href="https://www.healthinfotranslations.org/pdfDocs/MRSA_VIET.pdf">khu&#7849;n t&#7909; c&#7847;u</a>. </p><p>- VRE (vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus): <a href="http://www.healthlinkbc.ca/healthfiles/bilingua/vietnamese/hfile74-V.pdf">Khu&#7849;n c&#7847;u ru&#7897;t kh&#225;ng Vancomycin</a>. <em><strong>N&#258;M (05) TH&#7900;I &#272;I&#7874;M M&#192; C&#193;C NH&#194;N VI&#202;N Y T&#7870; C&#7846;N V&#7878; SINH TAY &#272;&#218;NG C&#193;CH:</strong></em> </p><p><strong>1. Tr&#432;&#7899;c khi ti&#7871;p x&#250;c v&#7899;i b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n</strong> <em><strong>L&#253; do: &#272;&#7875; b&#7843;o v&#7879; b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n kh&#7887;i l&#226;y nhi&#7877;m m&#7847;m b&#7879;nh t&#7915; tay nh&#226;n vi&#234;n y t&#7871;</strong></em> </p><p><strong>2. Tr&#432;&#7899;c khi th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n th&#7911; t&#7909;c y t&#7871; (v&#237; d&#7909;: ph&#7851;u thu&#7853;t, l&#7845;y m&#225;u)</strong> <em><strong>L&#253; do: &#272;&#7875; b&#7843;o v&#7879; b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n kh&#7887;i l&#226;y nhi&#7877;m m&#7847;m b&#7879;nh (k&#7875; c&#7843; tr&#234;n ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n) khi th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n ph&#7851;u thu&#7853;t.</strong></em> </p><p><strong>3. Sau khi th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n th&#7911; t&#7909;c y t&#7871; v&#224; ti&#7871;p x&#250;c v&#7899;i ch&#7845;t l&#7887;ng t&#7915; c&#417; th&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i (body fluids)</strong> <em><strong>L&#253; do: &#272;&#7875; b&#7843;o v&#7879; nh&#226;n vi&#234;n y t&#7871; (y b&#225;c s&#297;) v&#224; m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng xung quanh kh&#7887;i m&#7847;m b&#7879;nh.</strong></em> </p><p><strong>4. Sau khi ti&#7871;p x&#250;c v&#7899;i b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n</strong> <em><strong>L&#253; do: &#272;&#7875; b&#7843;o v&#7879; nh&#226;n vi&#234;n y t&#7871; v&#224; m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng xung quanh kh&#7887;i m&#7847;m b&#7879;nh t&#7915; b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n</strong></em> </p><p><strong>5. Sau khi ti&#7871;p x&#250;c v&#7899;i m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng xung quanh b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n (r&#232;m c&#7917;a, b&#224;n gh&#7871;, gi&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7879;nh)</strong> <em><strong>L&#253; do: &#272;&#7875; b&#7843;o v&#7879; nh&#226;n vi&#234;n y t&#7871; v&#224; m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng xung quanh kh&#7887;i m&#7847;m b&#7879;nh t&#7915; b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n</strong></em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2015/02/HHA-Aussie-5-moments_ABHR.jpg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oHAn!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F72c879a3-7a36-4fd1-a45a-d2b246ab32e2_463x400.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oHAn!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F72c879a3-7a36-4fd1-a45a-d2b246ab32e2_463x400.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oHAn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F72c879a3-7a36-4fd1-a45a-d2b246ab32e2_463x400.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oHAn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F72c879a3-7a36-4fd1-a45a-d2b246ab32e2_463x400.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oHAn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F72c879a3-7a36-4fd1-a45a-d2b246ab32e2_463x400.jpeg" width="463" height="400" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/72c879a3-7a36-4fd1-a45a-d2b246ab32e2_463x400.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:400,&quot;width&quot;:463,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;HHA-Aussie-5-moments_ABHR&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;HHA-Aussie-5-moments_ABHR&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2015/02/HHA-Aussie-5-moments_ABHR.jpg&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="HHA-Aussie-5-moments_ABHR" title="HHA-Aussie-5-moments_ABHR" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oHAn!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F72c879a3-7a36-4fd1-a45a-d2b246ab32e2_463x400.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oHAn!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F72c879a3-7a36-4fd1-a45a-d2b246ab32e2_463x400.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oHAn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F72c879a3-7a36-4fd1-a45a-d2b246ab32e2_463x400.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oHAn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F72c879a3-7a36-4fd1-a45a-d2b246ab32e2_463x400.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Ngu&#7891;n: <a href="http://www.hha.org.au/home/5-moments-for-hand-hygiene.aspx">Hand Hygiene Australia</a>, c&#243; ch&#7881;nh s&#7917;a t&#7915; <a href="http://www.who.int/gpsc/5may/background/5moments/en/">WHO</a>. <strong>H&#227;y xem video clip d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y v&#7873; 5 th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m &#273;&#227; n&#234;u:</strong></p><div id="youtube2-676Pcp0hHrs" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;676Pcp0hHrs&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/676Pcp0hHrs?rel=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;showinfo=0&amp;enablejsapi=0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><p><strong>V&#7853;y, &#8220;V&#7879; sinh tay&#8221; (Hand Hygiene) l&#224; g&#236;?</strong> V&#7879; sinh tay l&#224; m&#7897;t thu&#7853;t ng&#7919; chung n&#243;i v&#7873; vi&#7879;c r&#7917;a tay &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;ch b&#7857;ng m&#7897;t trong 2 h&#236;nh th&#7913;c sau: 1. R&#7917;a tay d&#249;ng n&#432;&#7899;c v&#224; x&#224; ph&#242;ng 2. R&#7917;a tay kh&#244;ng d&#249;ng n&#432;&#7899;c m&#224; d&#249;ng dung d&#7883;ch c&#243; ch&#7913;a c&#7891;n (Alcohol-Based Hand Rub, vi&#7871;t t&#7855;t: ABHR) N&#7871;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;ch s&#7869; d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c gi&#7843;m thi&#7875;u c&#225;c vi sinh v&#7853;t (microorganisms) tr&#234;n tay, &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i h&#7841;n ch&#7871; t&#7889;i &#273;a vi&#7879;c l&#226;y nhi&#7877;m b&#7879;nh do v&#7879; sinh tay kh&#244;ng &#273;&#250;ng. <em>N&#7871;u tay &#8220;nh&#236;n c&#243; v&#7867; s&#7841;ch&#8221; (visibly clean) th&#236; c&#243; th&#7875; d&#249;ng ABHR.</em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2015/02/what-can-I-use-for-HH-3.jpg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!M6SR!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1353ad26-ed53-49c5-a446-0c5498f18323_399x400.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!M6SR!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1353ad26-ed53-49c5-a446-0c5498f18323_399x400.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!M6SR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1353ad26-ed53-49c5-a446-0c5498f18323_399x400.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!M6SR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1353ad26-ed53-49c5-a446-0c5498f18323_399x400.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!M6SR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1353ad26-ed53-49c5-a446-0c5498f18323_399x400.jpeg" width="399" height="400" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1353ad26-ed53-49c5-a446-0c5498f18323_399x400.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:400,&quot;width&quot;:399,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;what can I use for HH 3&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;what can I use for HH 3&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2015/02/what-can-I-use-for-HH-3.jpg&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="what can I use for HH 3" title="what can I use for HH 3" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!M6SR!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1353ad26-ed53-49c5-a446-0c5498f18323_399x400.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!M6SR!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1353ad26-ed53-49c5-a446-0c5498f18323_399x400.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!M6SR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1353ad26-ed53-49c5-a446-0c5498f18323_399x400.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!M6SR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1353ad26-ed53-49c5-a446-0c5498f18323_399x400.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>N&#7871;u c&#243; th&#7875; nh&#236;n th&#7845;y tay b&#7849;n, th&#236; d&#249;ng x&#224; ph&#242;ng v&#224; n&#432;&#7899;c.</em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2015/02/HWash.jpg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5XDD!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F253cd8ae-fb52-4d52-b854-2249f2f4181b_320x310.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5XDD!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F253cd8ae-fb52-4d52-b854-2249f2f4181b_320x310.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5XDD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F253cd8ae-fb52-4d52-b854-2249f2f4181b_320x310.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5XDD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F253cd8ae-fb52-4d52-b854-2249f2f4181b_320x310.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5XDD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F253cd8ae-fb52-4d52-b854-2249f2f4181b_320x310.jpeg" width="320" height="310" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/253cd8ae-fb52-4d52-b854-2249f2f4181b_320x310.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:310,&quot;width&quot;:320,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;HWash&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;HWash&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://webcuame.com///wp-content/uploads/2015/02/HWash.jpg&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="HWash" title="HWash" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5XDD!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F253cd8ae-fb52-4d52-b854-2249f2f4181b_320x310.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5XDD!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F253cd8ae-fb52-4d52-b854-2249f2f4181b_320x310.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5XDD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F253cd8ae-fb52-4d52-b854-2249f2f4181b_320x310.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5XDD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F253cd8ae-fb52-4d52-b854-2249f2f4181b_320x310.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Nh&#7919;ng thu&#7853;n l&#7907;i khi d&#249;ng ABHR:</em> - Gi&#7843;m &#273;&#225;ng k&#7875; m&#7847;m b&#7879;nh tr&#234;n tay - Nhanh h&#417;n khi r&#7917;a tay b&#7857;ng n&#432;&#7899;c v&#224; x&#224; ph&#242;ng - Thu&#7853;n ti&#7879;n - T&#7921; kh&#244; - M&#7873;m m&#7841;i h&#417;n &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i da tay v&#224; &#237;t g&#226;y k&#237;ch &#7913;ng da c&#361;ng nh&#432; &#237;t l&#224;m da kh&#244; h&#417;n khi r&#7917;a b&#7857;ng n&#432;&#7899;c v&#224; x&#224; ph&#242;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n. H&#7847;u h&#7871;t c&#225;c s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m ABHR c&#243; ch&#7913;a ethanol, isopropanol ho&#7863;c n-propanol, ho&#7863;c h&#7895;n h&#7907;p c&#225;c ch&#7845;t n&#224;y. Nh&#7919;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m ABHB c&#243; ch&#7913;a t&#7915; 60{8bef5806162a3bf903fe0c56d3d07538e41a568c559a5bf0d36ffdac25ffe5bd} &#273;&#7871;n 80{8bef5806162a3bf903fe0c56d3d07538e41a568c559a5bf0d36ffdac25ffe5bd} c&#7891;n l&#224; nh&#7919;ng dung d&#7883;ch r&#7917;a tay hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; nh&#7845;t, th&#7853;m ch&#237; c&#242;n t&#7889;t h&#417;n c&#7843; khi r&#7917;a tay b&#7857;ng n&#432;&#7899;c v&#224; x&#224; ph&#242;ng v&#236; ti&#234;u di&#7879;t vi khu&#7849;n hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; h&#417;n do t&#237;nh ch&#7845;t c&#7911;a c&#7891;n c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m bi&#7871;n ch&#7845;t protein trong vi khu&#7849;n. N&#7919; trang (nh&#7851;n), m&#243;ng tay d&#224;i, m&#243;ng tay s&#417;n, ho&#7863;c da b&#7883; tr&#7847;y x&#432;&#7899;c l&#224; nh&#7919;ng tr&#7903; ng&#7841;i khi v&#7879; sinh tay &#7903; c&#225;c c&#417; s&#7903; y t&#7871;. Ph&#7847;n da d&#432;&#7899;i nh&#7851;n, d&#432;&#7899;i m&#243;ng tay v&#224; da b&#7883; tr&#7847;y x&#432;&#7899;c l&#224; n&#417;i vi khu&#7849;n c&#243; th&#7875; sinh s&#244;i. Do &#273;&#243;, nh&#226;n vi&#234;n y t&#7871; c&#7847;n ch&#250; &#253; nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y. Kh&#244;ng s&#417;n m&#243;ng tay, kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7875; m&#243;ng tay d&#224;i qu&#225; 4mm, kh&#244;ng &#273;eo nh&#7851;n v&#224; gi&#7919; g&#236;n da kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh l&#224; nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n &#273;&#7875; c&#243; &#273;&#244;i tay s&#7841;ch khi ch&#259;m s&#243;c cho b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n. Ngo&#224;i ra, vi&#7879;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng g&#259;ng tay y t&#7871; kh&#244;ng thay th&#7871; cho v&#7879; sinh tay. Tr&#432;&#7899;c khi &#273;eo g&#259;ng tay, c&#7847;n r&#7917;a tay s&#7841;ch v&#224; thay g&#259;ng tay th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n. <strong>III. T&#7846;M QUAN TR&#7884;NG C&#7910;A TH&#211;I QUEN R&#7916;A TAY V&#192; V&#7878; SINH TAY TRONG CU&#7896;C S&#7888;NG H&#7856;NG NG&#192;Y</strong> </p><p>M&#7897;t s&#7889; b&#7879;nh truy&#7873;n nhi&#7877;m c&#243; th&#7875; l&#226;y lan t&#7915; ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#224;y sang ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c th&#244;ng qua b&#224;n tay, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; c&#225;c b&#7879;nh v&#7873; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng ru&#7897;t, c&#250;m v&#224; vi&#234;m gan A. M&#7897;t s&#7889; b&#7879;nh v&#7873; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng ru&#7897;t c&#243; th&#7875; g&#226;y ra nhi&#7873;u di&#7877;n bi&#7871;n ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p v&#224; nghi&#234;m tr&#7885;ng &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t cho tr&#7867; em, ng&#432;&#7901;i gi&#224; ho&#7863;c nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; h&#7879; mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch suy y&#7871;u. R&#7917;a tay &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;ch l&#224; bi&#7879;n ph&#225;p h&#7919;u hi&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; ng&#259;n ch&#7863;n s&#7921; l&#226;y lan c&#7911;a c&#225;c b&#7879;nh n&#224;y. <em><strong>Khi n&#224;o c&#7847;n r&#7917;a tay?</strong></em> </p><p>- Tr&#432;&#7899;c khi chu&#7849;n b&#7883; th&#7913;c &#259;n </p><p>- Tr&#432;&#7899;c khi &#259;n </p><p>- Khi x&#7917; l&#253; th&#7913;c &#259;n th&#244; (c&#225; s&#7889;ng, th&#7883;t s&#7889;ng) ho&#7863;c th&#7913;c &#259;n l&#224;m s&#7861;n. </p><p>- Sau khi &#273;i v&#7879; sinh hay thay t&#227; cho em b&#233; </p><p>- Sau khi ti&#7871;p x&#250;c v&#7899;i v&#7853;t nu&#244;i </p><p>- Sau khi &#273;&#7893; r&#225;c </p><p>- Sau khi h&#250;t thu&#7889;c </p><p>- Sau khi ti&#7871;p x&#250;c v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7879;nh </p><p>C&#225;c b&#233; &#273;&#7871;n tu&#7893;i th&#237;ch kh&#225;m ph&#225; th&#432;&#7901;ng th&#237;ch m&#250;t tay ch&#226;n. V&#236; v&#7853;y c&#225;c b&#7889; m&#7865; c&#7847;n l&#432;u &#253; v&#7879; sinh tay cho con s&#7841;ch s&#7869;. &#272;&#7889;i v&#7899;i b&#233; l&#7899;n, c&#7847;n t&#7853;p cho con th&#243;i quen r&#7917;a tay &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;ch. R&#7917;a tay gi&#250;p ph&#242;ng b&#7879;nh v&#224; l&#226;y lan b&#7879;nh cho ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c. Ch&#250;ng ta th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n d&#249;ng tay &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7909;ng v&#224;o m&#7855;t, m&#361;i, mi&#7879;ng m&#224; kh&#244;ng hay bi&#7871;t. Vi khu&#7849;n t&#7915; tay ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; th&#7875; g&#226;y b&#7879;nh ti&#234;u ch&#7843;y, vi&#234;m ph&#7893;i, c&#250;m v&#224; c&#225;c b&#7879;nh kh&#225;c. R&#7917;a tay b&#7857;ng dung d&#7883;ch c&#243; ch&#7913;a c&#7891;n (ABHR) r&#7845;t ti&#7879;n l&#7907;i, c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;em theo khi &#273;i ra ngo&#224;i. &#272;&#7889;i v&#7899;i x&#224; ph&#242;ng, t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t l&#224; d&#249;ng x&#224; ph&#242;ng r&#7917;a tay d&#7841;ng l&#7887;ng (liquid soap), x&#224; ph&#242;ng c&#7909;c kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch, nh&#7845;t l&#224; &#7903; n&#417;i c&#244;ng c&#7897;ng v&#236; d&#7877; b&#7883; nhi&#7877;m khu&#7849;n, d&#7877; b&#7883; h&#432; do kh&#237; h&#7853;u ho&#7863;c b&#7883; nhi&#7877;m n&#432;&#7899;c th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n. X&#224; ph&#242;ng c&#7909;c n&#7871;u b&#7883; kh&#244; s&#7869; d&#7877; n&#7913;t g&#227;y v&#224; &#273;&#226;y ch&#237;nh l&#224; n&#417;i m&#224; vi khu&#7849;n tr&#250; ng&#7909;, ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c g&#226;y l&#226;y nhi&#7877;m n&#7871;u s&#7917; d&#7909;ng. S&#7917; d&#7909;ng x&#224; ph&#242;ng c&#7909;c &#7903; nh&#224; an to&#224;n h&#417;n, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng n&#234;n d&#249;ng khi x&#224; ph&#242;ng &#273;&#227; b&#7883; kh&#244;, n&#7913;t; ho&#7863;c qu&#225; &#7849;m &#432;&#7899;t. Sau khi r&#7917;a tay n&#234;n lau tay kh&#244; b&#7857;ng kh&#259;n s&#7841;ch. C&#7847;n l&#432;u &#253; thay kh&#259;n lau tay th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n, kh&#259;n b&#7849;n c&#361;ng l&#224; n&#417;i tr&#250; ng&#7909; l&#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng c&#7911;a m&#7847;m b&#7879;nh. <strong>IV. R&#7916;A TAY NH&#431; TH&#7870; N&#192;O?</strong> </p><p><em><strong>1. R&#7917;a tay b&#7857;ng ABHR</strong></em> Xem video h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n</p><div id="youtube2-Gems7BFCqTE" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;Gems7BFCqTE&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/Gems7BFCqTE?rel=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;showinfo=0&amp;enablejsapi=0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><p><em><strong>2. R&#7917;a tay b&#7857;ng x&#224; ph&#242;ng v&#224; n&#432;&#7899;c</strong></em> Xem video h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n</p><div id="youtube2-sjpWwjzCbrw" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;sjpWwjzCbrw&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/sjpWwjzCbrw?rel=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;showinfo=0&amp;enablejsapi=0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><p><em><strong>D&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n r&#7917;a tay ho&#224;n ch&#7881;nh, trong &#273;&#243; c&#243; th&#237; nghi&#7879;m v&#7873; vi&#7879;c sinh s&#244;i c&#7911;a vi khu&#7849;n do tay r&#7917;a kh&#244;ng &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;ch.</strong></em></p><div id="youtube2-mWe51EKbewk" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;mWe51EKbewk&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/mWe51EKbewk?rel=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;showinfo=0&amp;enablejsapi=0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><p><strong>V. K&#7870;T LU&#7852;N</strong> </p><p>V&#7879; sinh tay &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;ch l&#224; bi&#7879;n ph&#225;p &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n, &#237;t t&#7889;n k&#233;m v&#224; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7875; ph&#242;ng tr&#225;nh l&#226;y lan b&#7879;nh. H&#227;y t&#7853;p th&#243;i quen r&#7917;a tay v&#224; t&#7853;p cho con r&#7917;a tay &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;ch &#273;&#7875; b&#7843;o v&#7879; b&#7843;n th&#226;n v&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#226;n tr&#432;&#7899;c c&#225;c b&#7879;nh truy&#7873;n nhi&#7877;m c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#242;ng tr&#225;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. </p><p>Trong t&#250;i x&#225;ch c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng b&#7841;n g&#225;i, nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; n&#234;n c&#243; dung d&#7883;ch r&#7917;a tay ti&#7879;n l&#7907;i m&#7895;i khi ra ngo&#224;i. Vi&#7879;c v&#7879; sinh tay &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;ch t&#7841;i c&#225;c c&#417; s&#7903; y t&#7871; c&#7847;n tr&#7903; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t quy &#273;&#7883;nh b&#7855;t bu&#7897;c &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#225;c nh&#226;n vi&#234;n c&#361;ng nh&#432; b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n v&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#226;n c&#7911;a b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Các giai đoạn của giấc ngủ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Ch&#250;ng ta th&#432;&#7901;ng nghe n&#243;i m&#236;nh tr&#7843;i qua nh&#7919;ng giai &#273;o&#7841;n trong gi&#7845;c ng&#7911;.]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/cac-giai-oan-cua-giac-ngu</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/cac-giai-oan-cua-giac-ngu</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 23 Sep 2014 06:46:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cd888f61-e13f-4bdb-b2b1-b91bb7f7603e_600x274.webp" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ep0_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7fea33fc-a8eb-4c48-b994-68a1ed92f057_600x274.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ep0_!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7fea33fc-a8eb-4c48-b994-68a1ed92f057_600x274.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ep0_!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7fea33fc-a8eb-4c48-b994-68a1ed92f057_600x274.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ep0_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7fea33fc-a8eb-4c48-b994-68a1ed92f057_600x274.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ep0_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7fea33fc-a8eb-4c48-b994-68a1ed92f057_600x274.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ep0_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7fea33fc-a8eb-4c48-b994-68a1ed92f057_600x274.png" width="600" height="274" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7fea33fc-a8eb-4c48-b994-68a1ed92f057_600x274.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:274,&quot;width&quot;:600,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:44441,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ep0_!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7fea33fc-a8eb-4c48-b994-68a1ed92f057_600x274.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ep0_!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7fea33fc-a8eb-4c48-b994-68a1ed92f057_600x274.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ep0_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7fea33fc-a8eb-4c48-b994-68a1ed92f057_600x274.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ep0_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7fea33fc-a8eb-4c48-b994-68a1ed92f057_600x274.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Ch&#250;ng ta th&#432;&#7901;ng nghe n&#243;i m&#236;nh tr&#7843;i qua nh&#7919;ng giai &#273;o&#7841;n trong gi&#7845;c ng&#7911;. V&#7853;y th&#7921;c ch&#7845;t nh&#7919;ng giai &#273;o&#7841;n &#7845;y l&#224; g&#236;? Gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; l&#224; gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; m&#224;. Th&#7921;c t&#7871; khi ch&#250;ng ta ng&#7911;, c&#243; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u th&#7913; x&#7843;y ra trong &#273;&#7847;u ch&#250;ng ta, v&#224; ch&#237;nh ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a b&#7897; n&#227;o &#273;&#227; khi&#7871;n gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; c&#243; nh&#7919;ng giai &#273;o&#7841;n nh&#432; v&#7853;y. N&#259;m 1924, Hans Berger (1873-1941), m&#7897;t b&#225;c s&#297; t&#226;m th&#7847;n h&#7885;c ng&#432;&#7901;i &#272;&#7913;c &#273;&#227; ph&#225;t minh ra m&#225;y &#273;o &#273;i&#7879;n n&#227;o &#273;&#7891; d&#224;nh cho con ng&#432;&#7901;i (ElectroEncephaloGram - EEG) v&#224; v&#224;o n&#259;m 1953, Eugene Aserinsky (1921 - 1998) m&#7897;t nh&#224; ti&#234;n phong nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#7873; gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; &#273;&#227; ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n ra m&#7897;t chu k&#7923; c&#7911;a gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; con ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#224; hi&#7879;n nay ch&#250;ng ta bi&#7871;t &#273;&#7871;n v&#7899;i c&#225;i t&#234;n REM (Rapid Eye Movement - C&#7917; &#273;&#7897;ng m&#7855;t nhanh). Gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; c&#243; 2 chu k&#7923;: NREM (Non Rapid Eye Movement) v&#224; REM. Trong &#273;&#243; chu k&#7923; NREM chia th&#224;nh 4 giai &#273;o&#7841;n. </p><p><strong>Giai &#273;o&#7841;n 1:</strong> </p><p>Giai &#273;o&#7841;n 1 l&#224; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u c&#7911;a gi&#7845;c ng&#7911;. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; giai &#273;o&#7841;n m&#224; gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i n&#244;ng (ng&#7911; n&#244;ng), hay c&#242;n g&#7885;i l&#224; giai &#273;o&#7841;n chuy&#7875;n ti&#7871;p gi&#7919;a th&#7913;c v&#224; ng&#7911;. &#7902; giai &#273;o&#7841;n 1, b&#7897; n&#227;o ph&#225;t ra s&#243;ng theta c&#243; bi&#234;n &#273;&#7897; cao, t&#7913;c l&#224; s&#243;ng n&#227;o r&#7845;t ch&#7853;m. Giai &#273;o&#7841;n n&#224;y ch&#7881; k&#233;o d&#224;i trong th&#7901;i gian r&#7845;t ng&#7855;n (ch&#7915;ng 5 - 10 ph&#250;t). N&#7871;u b&#7841;n &#273;&#225;nh th&#7913;c ai &#273;&#243; ngay v&#224;o th&#7901;i gian n&#224;y th&#236; h&#7885; c&#243; th&#7875; n&#243;i r&#7857;ng h&#7885; ch&#432;a th&#7921;c s&#7921; ng&#7911;.</p><p><strong>Giai &#273;o&#7841;n 2:</strong></p><p>Giai &#273;o&#7841;n n&#224;y k&#233;o d&#224;i kho&#7843;ng 20 ph&#250;t. S&#243;ng n&#227;o b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u nhanh &#273;&#7873;u, nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897; c&#417; th&#7875; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u gi&#7843;m v&#224; nh&#7883;p tim b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u ch&#7853;m l&#7841;i.</p><p><strong>Giai &#273;o&#7841;n 3 v&#224; 4:</strong> &#272;&#226;y l&#224; giai &#273;o&#7841;n ng&#7911; s&#226;u (deep sleep) trong &#273;&#243; giai &#273;o&#7841;n 4 th&#236; ch&#250;ng ta ng&#7911; s&#226;u h&#417;n. &#7902; hai giai &#273;o&#7841;n n&#224;y, s&#243;ng n&#227;o ch&#7853;m, hay c&#242;n g&#7885;i l&#224; s&#243;ng delta b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u tr&#7895;i l&#234;n. Trong giai &#273;o&#7841;n n&#224;y, con ng&#432;&#7901;i &#237;t c&#243; ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng v&#7899;i ti&#7871;ng &#7891;n v&#224; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng b&#234;n ngo&#224;i m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng. &#272;&#226;y c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&#224; giai &#273;o&#7841;n chuy&#7875;n ti&#7871;p gi&#7919;a gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; n&#244;ng v&#224; gi&#7845;c ng&#7911; s&#226;u. Nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7855;c ch&#7913;ng ti&#7875;u khi ng&#7911; (t&#232; d&#7847;m) ho&#7863;c m&#7897;ng du c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7883; phi&#7873;n ph&#7913;c v&#236; ch&#7913;ng b&#7879;nh c&#7911;a m&#236;nh v&#224;o cu&#7889;i giai &#273;o&#7841;n 4. N&#7871;u b&#7883; &#273;&#225;nh th&#7913;c &#7903; giai &#273;o&#7841;n 4 th&#236; ch&#250;ng ta th&#432;&#7901;ng m&#7845;t v&#224;i ph&#250;t &#273;&#7875; &#8220;&#273;&#7883;nh th&#7847;n&#8221; l&#7841;i, n&#243;i c&#225;ch kh&#225;c l&#224; ch&#250;ng ta b&#7883; m&#7845;t ph&#432;&#417;ng h&#432;&#7899;ng trong v&#224;i ph&#250;t. Trong chu k&#7923; NREM, c&#417; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#7891;i ph&#7909;c v&#224; t&#225;i t&#7841;o l&#7841;i c&#225;c t&#7871; b&#224;o c&#361;ng nh&#432; c&#417; v&#224; x&#432;&#417;ng. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; chu k&#7923; m&#224; h&#7879; mi&#7877;n nhi&#7877;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7911;ng c&#7889;. Khi giai &#273;o&#7841;n 4 k&#7871;t th&#250;c, chu k&#7923; REM s&#7869; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u trong th&#7901;i gian r&#7845;t ng&#7855;n v&#224; REM ch&#237;nh l&#224; chu k&#7923; m&#224; c&#225;c gi&#7845;c m&#417; xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n. <em>Ngu&#7891;n: WebMD v&#224; About Education.</em></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Phân biệt đầy hơi đau bụng và trào ngược thực quản]]></title><description><![CDATA[1.]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/phan-biet-ay-hoi-au-bung-va-trao</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/phan-biet-ay-hoi-au-bung-va-trao</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 13 Sep 2014 06:45:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xM6O!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84432a03-da56-4011-a7a7-62b15c86657b_396x400.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xM6O!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84432a03-da56-4011-a7a7-62b15c86657b_396x400.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xM6O!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84432a03-da56-4011-a7a7-62b15c86657b_396x400.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xM6O!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84432a03-da56-4011-a7a7-62b15c86657b_396x400.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xM6O!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84432a03-da56-4011-a7a7-62b15c86657b_396x400.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xM6O!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84432a03-da56-4011-a7a7-62b15c86657b_396x400.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xM6O!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84432a03-da56-4011-a7a7-62b15c86657b_396x400.jpeg" width="396" height="400" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/84432a03-da56-4011-a7a7-62b15c86657b_396x400.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:400,&quot;width&quot;:396,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:10338,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xM6O!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84432a03-da56-4011-a7a7-62b15c86657b_396x400.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xM6O!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84432a03-da56-4011-a7a7-62b15c86657b_396x400.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xM6O!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84432a03-da56-4011-a7a7-62b15c86657b_396x400.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xM6O!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84432a03-da56-4011-a7a7-62b15c86657b_396x400.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>1. Th&#7871; n&#224;o l&#224; &#273;&#7847;y h&#417;i:</strong></p><p>&#272;&#7847;y h&#417;i l&#224; hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng c&#243; kh&#244;ng kh&#237; trong h&#7879; ti&#234;u h&#243;a c&#7911;a b&#233; trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh ho&#7863;c sau khi b&#233; b&#250;. N&#243;i c&#225;ch kh&#225;c l&#224; b&#233; nu&#7889;t v&#224;o b&#7909;ng m&#7897;t &#237;t kh&#244;ng kh&#237; trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh b&#250;. &#272;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; b&#233; n&#224;o c&#361;ng b&#7883; nh&#432; v&#7853;y v&#224; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i c&#7919; b&#250; n&#224;o b&#233; c&#361;ng b&#7883;. &#272;&#7847;y h&#417;i l&#224;m cho b&#233; kh&#243; ch&#7883;u, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; b&#233; b&#7883; &#273;au b&#7909;ng.</p><p>M&#7897;t s&#7889; c&#225;ch l&#224;m cho b&#233; &#7907; h&#417;i (m&#7897;t s&#7889; t&#432; th&#7875; ch&#7881; d&#224;nh cho b&#233; s&#417; sinh)</p><p>- B&#7871; b&#233; &#7903; t&#432; th&#7871; th&#7859;ng</p><p>- &#193;p b&#233; v&#224;o b&#7909;ng (b&#7909;ng b&#233; &#225;p b&#7909;ng b&#7841;n), vai b&#233; tr&#234;n &#273;&#7889;i di&#7879;n vai b&#7841;n v&#224; v&#7895;/xoa nh&#7865; l&#432;ng b&#233;.</p><p>- Cho b&#233; ng&#7891;i v&#224;o l&#242;ng b&#7841;n, m&#7897;t tay &#273;&#7905; c&#7857;m b&#233; trong khi tay kia v&#7895;/xoa nh&#7865; l&#432;ng b&#233;.</p><p>- Cho b&#233; ng&#7891;i v&#224;o m&#7897;t b&#234;n &#273;&#249;i b&#7841;n, b&#7909;ng b&#233; &#225;p v&#224;o &#273;&#249;i b&#7841;n, m&#7897;t tay &#273;&#7905; &#273;&#7847;u b&#233; trong khi tay kia v&#7895;/xoa nh&#7865; l&#432;ng b&#233;.</p><p>- &#193;p b&#233; v&#224;o vai, m&#7897;t tay &#273;&#7905; &#273;&#7847;u b&#233;, tay kia v&#7895;/xoa nh&#7865; l&#432;ng b&#233;.</p><p><strong>2. &#272;au b&#7909;ng</strong></p><p>Bi&#7875;u hi&#7879;n khi b&#233; &#273;au b&#7909;ng l&#224; b&#233; kh&#243;c nhi&#7873;u &#273;&#7907;t trong h&#417;n 3 ti&#7871;ng m&#7895;i ng&#224;y, ba ng&#224;y m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n trong ba tu&#7847;n, &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i b&#233; t&#7915; hai tu&#7847;n tu&#7893;i &#273;&#7871;n b&#7889;n th&#225;ng tu&#7893;i.</p><p><em><strong>D&#7845;u hi&#7879;u nh&#7853;n bi&#7871;t:</strong></em></p><p>- B&#233; c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u o&#7857;n ng&#432;&#7901;i (g&#7891;ng m&#236;nh) v&#224; c&#225;u g&#7855;t, m&#250;t tay v&#224; th&#7875; hi&#7879;n c&#225;c d&#7845;u hi&#7879;u gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; khi &#273;&#243;i. Khi cho b&#233; b&#250; m&#7865; th&#236; v&#224;i ph&#250;t &#273;&#7847;u b&#233; b&#250; r&#7845;t h&#225;o h&#7913;c nh&#432;ng sau &#273;&#243; th&#236; ng&#432;ng l&#7841;i v&#224; g&#224;o/kh&#243;c.</p><p>- C&#243; th&#7875; b&#233; s&#7869; ng&#7911; trong m&#7897;t th&#7901;i gian ng&#7855;n, nh&#432;ng sau &#273;&#243; l&#7841;i d&#7853;y v&#224; kh&#243;c.</p><p>- Trong khi &#273;au b&#7909;ng, m&#7863;t b&#233; &#273;&#7887; v&#224; b&#233; cau m&#224;y, &#273;&#7891;ng t&#7917; (con ng&#432;&#417;i) c&#7911;a b&#233; c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#227;n n&#7905; (d&#7877; nh&#7853;n th&#7845;y nh&#7845;t l&#224; m&#7855;t b&#233; m&#7903; to) nh&#432; s&#7907; h&#227;i &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236; &#273;&#243;.</p><p>- C&#243; th&#7875; b&#233; s&#7869; co ch&#226;n l&#7841;i, k&#233;o ch&#226;n v&#7873; ph&#237;a b&#7909;ng v&#224; kh&#243;c th&#233;t.</p><p>- M&#7895;i c&#417;n &#273;au b&#7909;ng nh&#432; v&#7853;y k&#233;o d&#224;i kho&#7843;ng 4-5 ph&#250;t. - Th&#7881;nh tho&#7843;ng b&#233; c&#361;ng s&#244;i b&#7909;ng, &#7907; nhi&#7873;u ho&#7863;c x&#236; h&#417;i (&#273;&#225;nh r&#7855;m). Vi&#7879;c b&#233; m&#250;t tay nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n l&#224;m cho m&#7865; l&#7847;m t&#432;&#7903;ng l&#224; b&#233; &#273;&#243;i.</p><p><em><strong>Nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n:</strong></em></p><p>Kh&#244;ng c&#243; nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n c&#7909; th&#7875;.</p><p><em>M&#7897;t s&#7889; l&#253; do:</em> - Qu&#225; t&#7843;i lactose</p><p>- Nh&#7841;y c&#7843;m v&#7899;i th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n trong ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; &#259;n u&#7889;ng c&#7911;a m&#7865;: caffein, s&#7919;a b&#242;, s&#7919;a &#273;&#7853;u n&#224;nh ho&#7863;c b&#7897;t m&#236;.</p><p>L&#224;m g&#236; khi b&#233; b&#7883; &#273;au b&#7909;ng:</p><p>- B&#7871; b&#233; &#7903; t&#432; th&#7871; th&#7859;ng</p><p>- B&#7871; b&#233; c&#224;ng nhi&#7873;u c&#224;ng t&#7889;t</p><p>- D&#249;ng &#273;&#7883;u cho b&#233;</p><p>- Cho b&#233; &#273;&#225; xu&#7889;ng s&#224;n nh&#224; (cho ch&#226;n b&#233; ch&#7841;m xu&#7889;ng s&#224;n v&#224; &#273;&#7875; b&#233; &#273;&#225;/nh&#7843;y)</p><p>- M&#225;t-xa cho b&#233;</p><p>- D&#7841;o b&#7897;</p><p>- Cho b&#233; nghe nh&#7841;c</p><p><strong>3. Tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n:</strong></p><p>Tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n x&#7843;y ra khi th&#7913;c &#259;n trong bao t&#7917; tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#234;n th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n. C&#243; hai m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; c&#7911;a t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng n&#224;y: tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n (Simple Reflux - RS - &#7885;c s&#7919;a) v&#224; tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n b&#7879;nh l&#253; (Gastro-oesophageal Reflux disease - GORD)</p><p><em>a. Tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n (SR) - &#7884;c s&#7919;a:</em> SR &#7903; m&#7895;i b&#233; m&#7895;i kh&#225;c. C&#7913; 3 b&#233; kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh th&#236; c&#243; 2 b&#233; &#7885;c s&#7919;a &#237;t nh&#7845;t m&#7897;t l&#7847;n m&#7897;t ng&#224;y; nhi&#7873;u b&#233; &#7885;c s&#7919;a nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n m&#7897;t ng&#224;y. Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i b&#233; n&#224;o b&#7883; &#7885;c s&#7919;a c&#361;ng th&#7921;c s&#7921; &#7885;c s&#7919;a ra mi&#7879;ng. Thay v&#236; &#7885;c ra mi&#7879;ng th&#236; s&#7919;a ch&#7881; tr&#224;o l&#234;n &#273;&#7871;n cu&#7889;ng h&#7885;ng b&#233; r&#7891;i t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng quay tr&#7903; l&#7841;i bao t&#7917;. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng &#8220;&#7885;c s&#7919;a th&#7847;m l&#7863;ng&#8221; (silent refux). Hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng &#7885;c s&#7919;a b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n khi b&#233; 6-7 th&#225;ng, kho&#7843;ng 12-18 th&#225;ng th&#236; d&#7913;t v&#236; th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n s&#7869; d&#224;i ra khi b&#233; l&#7899;n. N&#7871;u h&#417;n 24 th&#225;ng m&#224; b&#233; v&#7851;n c&#242;n b&#7883; &#7885;c s&#7919;a th&#236; b&#7841;n c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;a b&#233; &#273;i b&#225;c s&#297;.</p><p>G&#7907;i &#253;: - D&#7895; b&#233; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi cho b&#250;</p><p>- N&#7871;u n&#7857;m cho b&#233; n&#7857;m b&#234;n tr&#225;i sau khi b&#250;</p><p>- B&#7871; b&#233; th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n &#7903; t&#432; th&#7871; th&#7859;ng</p><p>- Tr&#225;nh &#225;p l&#7921;c/&#273;&#232; l&#234;n b&#7909;ng b&#233;</p><p><em>b. B&#7879;nh Tr&#224;o ng&#432;&#7907;c Th&#7921;c qu&#7843;n (GORD)</em></p><p>- B&#233; &#7885;c nhi&#7873;u s&#7919;a h&#7847;u nh&#432; sau m&#7895;i c&#7919; b&#250;, th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#243; m&#224;u</p><p>- Kh&#243; ng&#7911;</p><p>- Th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n b&#7883; vi&#234;m tai</p><p>- Nhi&#7877;u/ch&#7843;y n&#432;&#7899;c mi&#7871;ng nhi&#7873;u</p><p>- Kh&#243;c v&#224; c&#225;u g&#7855;t - Ph&#226;n c&#243; nh&#7899;t</p><p>- C&#243; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; khi b&#250; (b&#7887; b&#250;/l&#432;&#7901;i b&#250;) - Ch&#7853;m l&#234;n c&#226;n</p><p>Nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n:</p><p>- B&#7845;t dung n&#7841;p Lactose</p><p>- D&#7883; &#7913;ng</p><p>C&#225;ch x&#7917; l&#253; c&#361;ng t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; nh&#432; khi b&#233; &#273;au b&#7909;ng v&#224; &#273;&#7847;y h&#417;i.</p><p><em>T&#224;i li&#7879;u tham kh&#7843;o:</em></p><p>- Breastfeeding.... naturally (ABA)</p><p>- Gastro-oesophageal reflux and breastfeed baby</p><p>- <a href="https://www.breastfeeding.asn.au/bf-info/common-concerns{8bef5806162a3bf903fe0c56d3d07538e41a568c559a5bf0d36ffdac25ffe5bd}E2{8bef5806162a3bf903fe0c56d3d07538e41a568c559a5bf0d36ffdac25ffe5bd}80{8bef5806162a3bf903fe0c56d3d07538e41a568c559a5bf0d36ffdac25ffe5bd}93baby/reflux">Reflux</a></p><p>- <a href="https://www.breastfeeding.asn.au/bfinfo/lactose-overload-babies">Lactose Overload</a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Tập thể dục sau khi sinh]]></title><description><![CDATA[Nhi&#7873;u m&#7865; th&#7855;c m&#7855;c vi&#7879;c t&#7853;p th&#7875; d&#7909;c c&#243; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c cho con b&#250; hay kh&#244;ng.]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/tap-the-duc-sau-khi-sinh</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/tap-the-duc-sau-khi-sinh</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 01 Aug 2014 05:07:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OkAl!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8de93932-926d-4845-986c-0c3a5c0b360c_430x300.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OkAl!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8de93932-926d-4845-986c-0c3a5c0b360c_430x300.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OkAl!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8de93932-926d-4845-986c-0c3a5c0b360c_430x300.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OkAl!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8de93932-926d-4845-986c-0c3a5c0b360c_430x300.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OkAl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8de93932-926d-4845-986c-0c3a5c0b360c_430x300.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OkAl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8de93932-926d-4845-986c-0c3a5c0b360c_430x300.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OkAl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8de93932-926d-4845-986c-0c3a5c0b360c_430x300.jpeg" width="430" height="300" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8de93932-926d-4845-986c-0c3a5c0b360c_430x300.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:300,&quot;width&quot;:430,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:25009,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OkAl!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8de93932-926d-4845-986c-0c3a5c0b360c_430x300.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OkAl!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8de93932-926d-4845-986c-0c3a5c0b360c_430x300.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OkAl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8de93932-926d-4845-986c-0c3a5c0b360c_430x300.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OkAl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8de93932-926d-4845-986c-0c3a5c0b360c_430x300.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Nhi&#7873;u m&#7865; th&#7855;c m&#7855;c vi&#7879;c t&#7853;p th&#7875; d&#7909;c c&#243; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c cho con b&#250; hay kh&#244;ng. M&#236;nh t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p m&#7897;t s&#7889; th&#244;ng tin d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y cho c&#225;c m&#7865; tham kh&#7843;o.</p><p><em><strong>I. VI&#7878;C T&#7852;P TH&#7874; D&#7908;C SAU KHI SINH T&#217;Y V&#192;O T&#204;NH TR&#7840;NG S&#7912;C KH&#7886;E C&#7910;A B&#7840;N TR&#431;&#7898;C, TRONG V&#192; SAU KHI SINH.</strong></em></p><p>C&#7909; th&#7875; nh&#432; sau:</p><p>1. B&#7841;n c&#243; t&#7853;p th&#7875; d&#7909;c th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n tr&#432;&#7899;c ho&#7863;c trong khi c&#243; thai kh&#244;ng?</p><p>2. B&#7841;n sinh kh&#243; hay d&#7877;? 3. B&#7841;n sinh th&#432;&#7901;ng hay sinh m&#7893;?</p><p>4. B&#7841;n c&#243; g&#7863;p v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; v&#7873; b&#224;ng quang kh&#244;ng (c&#243; b&#7883; s&#243;n ti&#7875;u hay kh&#244;ng)?</p><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n c&#243; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; khi mang thai, ho&#7863;c khi sinh, n&#234;n t&#7853;p t&#7915; t&#7915; v&#224; &#273;&#7875; cho c&#417; th&#7875; quen d&#7847;n v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c t&#7853;p th&#7875; d&#7909;c. Tuy nhi&#234;n, c&#243; m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i th&#7875; d&#7909;c m&#224; b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#7853;p ngay sau khi sinh &#273;&#243; l&#224; t&#7853;p th&#7875; d&#7909;c cho v&#249;ng x&#432;&#417;ng ch&#7853;u v&#224; c&#417; b&#7909;ng d&#432;&#7899;i.</p><p>A. T&#7853;p th&#7875; d&#7909;c v&#249;ng x&#432;&#417;ng ch&#7853;u (Kegel Exercies hay c&#242;n g&#7885;i l&#224; Pelvic Floor Exercises):</p><p>H&#227;y t&#432;&#7903;ng t&#432;&#7907;ng nh&#432; b&#7841;n &#273;ang r&#7845;t m&#7855;c ti&#7875;u m&#224; kh&#244;ng t&#236;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c toilet ngay, l&#250;c &#273;&#243; b&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#7889; g&#7855;ng l&#224;m cho m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng b&#7883; s&#243;n ti&#7875;u b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch th&#243;p c&#417; ch&#7853;u l&#7841;i. Gi&#7919; c&#417; &#273;&#243; v&#224; &#273;&#7871;m t&#7915; 1 &#273;&#7871;n 5 r&#7891;i th&#7843; l&#7887;ng. L&#224;m nh&#432; v&#7853;y kho&#7843;ng 10 l&#7847;n m&#7895;i l&#7847;n cho con b&#250;, b&#7841;n s&#7869; gi&#250;p cho c&#417; v&#249;ng x&#432;&#417;ng ch&#7853;u s&#259;n ch&#7855;c h&#417;n, tr&#225;nh vi&#7879;c s&#243;n ti&#7875;u sau n&#224;y. B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m b&#7845;t k&#7923; n&#417;i &#273;&#226;u, b&#7845;t k&#7923; l&#250;c n&#224;o.</p><p>B. T&#7853;p th&#7875; d&#7909;c c&#417; b&#7909;ng d&#432;&#7899;i:</p><p>&#272;&#7897;ng t&#225;c n&#224;y ho&#224;n to&#224;n kh&#244;ng y&#234;u c&#7847;u b&#7841;n g&#7853;p b&#7909;ng ho&#7863;c l&#7855;c v&#242;ng! &#272;&#417;n gi&#7843;n b&#7841;n ch&#7881; h&#243;p b&#7909;ng d&#432;&#7899;i l&#7841;i, r&#7891;i th&#7843; l&#7887;ng. B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m ngay sau khi sinh m&#224; kh&#244;ng &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng g&#236;. &#272;&#7897;ng t&#225;c n&#224;y h&#7895; tr&#7907; cho c&#417; b&#7909;ng tr&#7903; l&#7841;i tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i s&#259;n ch&#7855;c.</p><p>N&#234;n nh&#7899;, c&#417; th&#7875; b&#7841;n m&#7845;t 9 th&#225;ng &#273;&#7875; mang thai, v&#236; v&#7853;y b&#7841;n c&#361;ng c&#7847;n t&#7889;i thi&#7875;u ch&#7915;ng &#273;&#243; th&#7901;i gian &#273;&#7875; quay l&#7841;i s&#7889; c&#226;n ban &#273;&#7847;u. H&#227;y &#273;&#7875; c&#417; th&#7875; quen d&#7847;n v&#7899;i c&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7897; t&#7853;p th&#7875; d&#7909;c. Vi&#7879;c sinh n&#7903; c&#243; th&#7875; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n x&#432;&#417;ng kh&#7899;p c&#7911;a b&#7841;n t&#7899;i 6 th&#225;ng sau khi sinh, v&#236; v&#7853;y &#273;&#7915;ng &#233;p c&#417; th&#7875; ph&#7843;i &#273;i v&#224;o ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; t&#7853;p luy&#7879;n g&#7855;t gao &#273;&#7875; l&#7845;y l&#7841;i v&#243;c d&#225;ng n&#7871;u b&#7841;n c&#7843;m th&#7845;y c&#417; th&#7875; m&#236;nh ch&#432;a s&#7861;n s&#224;ng cho &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243;.</p><p><em><strong>II. L&#7906;I &#205;CH C&#7910;A VI&#7878;C T&#7852;P TH&#7874; D&#7908;C</strong></em></p><p>- H&#7895; tr&#7907; vi&#7879;c gi&#7843;m c&#226;n.</p><p>- Gi&#250;p duy tr&#236; v&#224; n&#226;ng cao s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e tim m&#7841;ch</p><p>- Gi&#250;p c&#225;c c&#417; s&#259;n ch&#7855;c</p><p>- C&#7843;i thi&#7879;n c&#225;c v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; c&#7911;a c&#417; b&#7909;ng</p><p>- C&#7843;i thi&#7879;n s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e tinh th&#7847;n, h&#7841;n ch&#7871; tr&#7847;m c&#7843;m sau sinh</p><p><em><strong>III. CH&#7870; &#272;&#7896; &#258;N U&#7888;NG V&#192; T&#7852;P TH&#7874; D&#7908;C KHI CHO CON B&#218;</strong></em></p><p>B&#7841;n kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i tu&#226;n theo m&#7897;t ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; &#259;n u&#7889;ng h&#7841;n ch&#7871; n&#224;o c&#7843;, b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i &#259;n nh&#7919;ng m&#243;n b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng th&#237;ch v&#224; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; nu&#7889;t n&#7893;i. R&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u ch&#7883; em &#259;n canh &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7911; h&#7847;m gi&#242; heo, gi&#242; c&#225;c lo&#7841;i v&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y ho&#224;n to&#224;n kh&#244;ng li&#234;n quan g&#236; &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c t&#7841;o s&#7919;a trong th&#7901;i gian cho con b&#250;, c&#361;ng nh&#432; kh&#244;ng &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng g&#236; &#273;&#7871;n ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng s&#7919;a m&#7865;.</p><p>Xem th&#234;m c&#225;c b&#224;i c&#7911;a betitubi:</p><p>CH&#7844;T L&#431;&#7906;NG S&#7918;A M&#7864;</p><p><a href="http://www.facebook.com/BeTiBuTi/posts/598089333563226:0">Ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng s&#7919;a m&#7865;, ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; dinh d&#432;&#7905;ng c&#7911;a m&#7865; ph&#7847;n 1</a></p><p><a href="http://www.facebook.com/BeTiBuTi/posts/598429346862558:0">Ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng s&#7919;a m&#7865;, ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; dinh d&#432;&#7905;ng c&#7911;a m&#7865; ph&#7847;n 2</a></p><p><a href="https://www.facebook.com/BeTiBuTi/posts/638609232844569:0">Hai c&#417; ch&#7871; t&#7841;o s&#7919;a m&#7865; tr&#432;&#7899;c v&#224; sau 6 tu&#7847;n</a></p><p>M&#7865; n&#224;o &#273;&#7885;c k&#7929; b&#224;i &#8220;Hai c&#417; ch&#7871; t&#7841;o s&#7919;a m&#7865; tr&#432;&#7899;c v&#224; sau 6 tu&#7847;n&#8221; s&#7869; hi&#7875;u v&#7873; quy tr&#236;nh s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t s&#7919;a m&#7865;, v&#224; s&#7869; y&#234;n t&#226;m r&#7857;ng m&#236;nh s&#7869; &#273;&#7911; s&#7919;a cho con b&#250;.</p><p>M&#7897;t s&#7889; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u cho r&#7857;ng t&#7853;p th&#7875; d&#7909;c v&#7899;i c&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7897; m&#7841;nh (nh&#432; v&#7853;n &#273;&#7897;ng vi&#234;n) s&#7869; t&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng lactic acid trong s&#7919;a m&#7865;, l&#224;m s&#7919;a b&#7883; chua v&#224; b&#233; s&#7869; kh&#244;ng th&#237;ch. Tuy nhi&#234;n, b&#7841;n ho&#224;n to&#224;n c&#243; th&#7875; tr&#225;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y b&#7857;ng vi&#7879;c duy tr&#236; c&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7897; t&#7853;p v&#7915;a ph&#7843;i v&#224; &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#7863;n, l&#432;u &#253; b&#7841;n c&#7847;n u&#7889;ng &#273;&#7911; n&#432;&#7899;c trong su&#7889;t qu&#225; tr&#236;nh t&#7853;p v&#224; u&#7889;ng nhi&#7873;u n&#432;&#7899;c sau khi t&#7853;p &#273;&#7875; b&#249; l&#7841;i l&#432;&#7907;ng n&#432;&#7899;c b&#7883; m&#7845;t do &#273;&#7893; m&#7891; h&#244;i. N&#7871;u v&#236; l&#253; do n&#224;o &#273;&#243; m&#224; b&#7841;n b&#7855;t bu&#7897;c ph&#7843;i t&#7853;p th&#7875; d&#7909;c v&#7899;i c&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7897; m&#7841;nh &#273;&#7875; nhanh ch&#243;ng gi&#7843;m c&#226;n, t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t b&#7841;n n&#234;n cho con b&#250; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi t&#7853;p, ho&#7863;c v&#7855;t s&#7919;a ra, sau &#273;&#243; cho b&#233; b&#250; b&#7857;ng s&#7919;a &#273;&#227; v&#7855;t ra thay v&#236; cho b&#233; b&#250; ngay sau khi t&#7853;p. Vi&#7879;c cho b&#233; b&#250; ho&#7863;c v&#7855;t s&#7919;a tr&#432;&#7899;c khi t&#7853;p c&#242;n gi&#250;p cho ng&#7921;c tr&#7889;ng s&#7919;a, nh&#7857;m k&#237;ch th&#237;ch vi&#7879;c t&#7841;o s&#7919;a sau n&#224;y; &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i s&#7869; kh&#244;ng l&#224;m b&#7841;n c&#7843;m th&#7845;y n&#7863;ng n&#7873; khi ph&#7843;i &#273;eo hai &#8220;qu&#7843; b&#243;ng&#8221; tr&#432;&#7899;c ng&#7921;c. L&#432;u &#253; b&#7841;n c&#7847;n ch&#7885;n lo&#7841;i &#225;o ng&#7921;c th&#7875; thao ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i k&#237;ch c&#7905; ng&#7921;c &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh ng&#7921;c b&#7883; ch&#7843;y x&#7879; sau n&#224;y.</p><p>D&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t s&#7889; links t&#7915; youtube c&#7911;a m&#7897;t DVD m&#224; m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; t&#7853;p theo r&#7845;t th&#224;nh c&#244;ng, chia s&#7867; v&#7899;i c&#225;c m&#7865;.</p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL998B62EDFDF5FDB8">Post Pregnancy Workout c&#7911;a Tracy Anderson</a></p><p>Tracy Anderson l&#224; hu&#7845;n luy&#7879;n vi&#234;n ri&#234;ng c&#7911;a c&#225;c nh&#226;n v&#7853;t n&#7893;i ti&#7871;ng nh&#432; Madonna, Gwyneth Paltrow, Nicole Richie, Courteney Cox v&#224; Jennifer Lopez.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Bệnh viêm tiểu phế quản Bronchiolitis]]></title><description><![CDATA[C&#225;ch &#273;&#226;y g&#7847;n 4 n&#259;m, sau b&#7919;a ti&#7879;c sinh nh&#7853;t 1 tu&#7893;i th&#236; R&#417;m c&#243; m&#7897;t c&#259;n b&#7879;nh m&#224; m&#236;nh su&#7889;t &#273;&#7901;i kh&#244;ng bao gi&#7901; qu&#234;n.]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/benh-viem-tieu-phe-quan-bronchiolitis</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/benh-viem-tieu-phe-quan-bronchiolitis</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 17 Apr 2014 11:02:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vrja!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdbc5c8c3-65a3-4182-90fc-dabf0153a4a6_430x300.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vrja!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdbc5c8c3-65a3-4182-90fc-dabf0153a4a6_430x300.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vrja!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdbc5c8c3-65a3-4182-90fc-dabf0153a4a6_430x300.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vrja!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdbc5c8c3-65a3-4182-90fc-dabf0153a4a6_430x300.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vrja!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdbc5c8c3-65a3-4182-90fc-dabf0153a4a6_430x300.jpeg 1272w, 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vrja!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdbc5c8c3-65a3-4182-90fc-dabf0153a4a6_430x300.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vrja!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdbc5c8c3-65a3-4182-90fc-dabf0153a4a6_430x300.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Vrja!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdbc5c8c3-65a3-4182-90fc-dabf0153a4a6_430x300.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>C&#225;ch &#273;&#226;y g&#7847;n 4 n&#259;m, sau b&#7919;a ti&#7879;c sinh nh&#7853;t 1 tu&#7893;i th&#236; R&#417;m c&#243; m&#7897;t c&#259;n b&#7879;nh m&#224; m&#236;nh su&#7889;t &#273;&#7901;i kh&#244;ng bao gi&#7901; qu&#234;n. N&#7917;a &#273;&#234;m &#273;ang ng&#7911; b&#7895;ng d&#432;ng ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n ra h&#417;i th&#7903; c&#7911;a con nhanh kh&#7911;ng khi&#7871;p, m&#236;nh v&#7897;i k&#234;u ch&#7891;ng d&#7853;y v&#224; hai v&#7907; ch&#7891;ng ba ch&#226;n b&#7889;n c&#7859;ng &#244;m con v&#224;o Khoa c&#7845;p c&#7913;u c&#7911;a b&#7879;nh vi&#7879;n Royal Children Hospital.</em></p><p><em>Sau khi v&#224;o th&#236; c&#244; y t&#225; ki&#7875;m tra tim m&#7841;ch, huy&#7871;t &#225;p c&#7911;a R&#417;m v&#224; b&#7843;o hai v&#7907; ch&#7891;ng ... ng&#7891;i &#273;&#7907;i. M&#236;nh g&#7847;n nh&#432; n&#243;i kh&#244;ng ra h&#417;i: &#8220;Tr&#7901;i &#417;i, sao &#273;&#7907;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c... C&#244; kh&#244;ng th&#7845;y con t&#244;i n&#243; th&#7903; kh&#244;ng n&#7893;i n&#7919;a &#224;?&#8221;</em></p><p><em>B&#7857;ng m&#7897;t gi&#7885;ng h&#7871;t s&#7913;c b&#236;nh t&#297;nh, v&#224; d&#7883;u d&#224;ng, c&#244; n&#243;i: &#8220;&#192;, t&#244;i ki&#7875;m tra cho b&#233; r&#7891;i. Kh&#244;ng sao &#273;&#226;u, anh ch&#7883; c&#7913; ng&#7891;i &#273;&#7907;i, khi n&#224;o t&#7899;i l&#432;&#7907;t th&#236; b&#225;c s&#297; s&#7869; g&#7885;i.&#8221; M&#236;nh nh&#236;n c&#244; &#7845;y v&#7899;i v&#7867; nghi ng&#7901;: &#8220;C&#244; c&#243; n&#243;i th&#7853;t kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7845;y? C&#244; c&#243; ch&#7855;c kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7845;y?&#8221;</em></p><p><em>C&#244; &#7845;y c&#432;&#7901;i, gi&#7885;ng r&#7845;t d&#237; d&#7887;m: &#8220;T&#244;i ch&#7855;c m&#224;, b&#7843;o &#273;&#7843;m m&#7897;t tr&#259;m m&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7847;n tr&#259;m lu&#244;n (110{8bef5806162a3bf903fe0c56d3d07538e41a568c559a5bf0d36ffdac25ffe5bd}). Anh ch&#7883; v&#244; kia, c&#243; &#273;&#7891; ch&#417;i cho b&#233; &#273;&#243;. &#192;, v&#7899;i l&#7841;i xin ch&#7883; th&#244;ng c&#7843;m cho, &#273;&#234;m nay h&#417;i &#273;&#244;ng b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n n&#234;n c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7907;i h&#417;i l&#226;u &#7841;.&#8221;</em></p><p><em>Cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng, c&#361;ng t&#7899;i l&#432;&#7907;t R&#417;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7863;p b&#225;c s&#297;, &#273;&#7907;i m&#7845;y ti&#7871;ng &#273;&#7891;ng h&#7891; nh&#432;ng g&#7863;p b&#225;c s&#297; ch&#7881; c&#243; 15 ph&#250;t r&#7891;i.... &#273;i v&#7873;. B&#7879;nh c&#7911;a R&#417;m g&#7885;i l&#224; B&#7878;NH VI&#202;M TI&#7874;U PH&#7870; QU&#7842;N (Bronchiolitis).</em></p><p><em>B&#7889; m&#7865; n&#224;o quan t&#226;m h&#227;y &#273;&#7885;c th&#244;ng tin b&#7879;nh d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y:</em></p><p><strong>B&#7878;NH VI&#202;M TI&#7874;U PH&#7870; QU&#7842;N (BRONCHIOLITIS)</strong></p><p>Vi&#234;m ti&#7875;u ph&#7871; qu&#7843;n l&#224; m&#7897;t d&#7841;ng vi&#234;m ph&#7893;i kh&#225; ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n &#7903; tr&#7867; nh&#7887;, nh&#7845;t l&#224; c&#225;c b&#233; d&#432;&#7899;i 6 th&#225;ng nh&#432;ng th&#7881;nh tho&#7843;ng c&#243; khi b&#233; &#273;&#7871;n 12 th&#225;ng c&#361;ng b&#7883;.B&#7879;nh n&#224;y do m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i virus g&#226;y ra cho ph&#7893;i. Th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng thu&#7889;c kh&#244;ng c&#243; t&#225;c d&#7909;ng g&#236; &#273;&#7875; tr&#7883; b&#7879;nh n&#224;y c&#7843;. B&#233; c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ngh&#7881; ng&#417;i v&#224; b&#250;/&#259;n nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n trong ng&#224;y nh&#432;ng chia ra nh&#7919;ng b&#7919;a nh&#7887; &#273;&#7875; b&#233; kh&#244;ng m&#7879;t trong nh&#7919;ng c&#7919; b&#250;/&#259;n v&#224; tr&#225;nh b&#7883; m&#7845;t n&#432;&#7899;c.</p><p><strong>I. D&#7844;U HI&#7878;U V&#192; TRI&#7878;U CH&#7912;NG</strong></p><p>Khi m&#7899;i b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u, b&#7879;nh c&#243; tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; b&#7883; c&#7843;m. Kho&#7843;ng m&#7897;t ng&#224;y sau, b&#233; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u ho, th&#7903; nhanh v&#224; kh&#242; kh&#232;, l&#224;m cho b&#233; kh&#243; &#259;n ho&#7863;c b&#250;. Nhi&#7873;u b&#233; c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i nh&#7853;p vi&#7879;n v&#236; nh&#7919;ng l&#253; do n&#224;y.</p><p>Nh&#7919;ng tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n c&#7911;a b&#7879;nh kh&#244;ng kh&#225;c g&#236; b&#7879;nh c&#7843;m th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng, k&#233;o d&#224;i ch&#7915;ng 1 &#273;&#7871;n 2 ng&#224;y, ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432;: s&#7893; m&#361;i, ngh&#7865;t m&#361;i, ho.</p><p>Sau &#273;&#243;, nh&#7919;ng tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng ng&#224;y k&#233;o theo c&#225;c v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; kh&#225;c nh&#432;:- Th&#7903; nhanh- K&#233;n &#259;n- H&#417;i th&#7903; kh&#242; kh&#232;- Ng&#7921;c th&#243;p m&#7841;nh l&#7841;i m&#7895;i l&#7847;n h&#237;t- S&#7889;tB&#7879;nh n&#7863;ng nh&#7845;t l&#224; v&#224;o ng&#224;y th&#7913; 2 ho&#7863;c th&#7913; 3, b&#233; th&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7883; &#7889;m t&#7915; 7 &#273;&#7871;n 10 ng&#224;y nh&#432;ng tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng ho c&#243; th&#7875; k&#233;o d&#224;i t&#7915; 2 &#273;&#7871;n 4 tu&#7847;n.</p><p><strong>II. &#272;I&#7872;U TR&#7882;</strong></p><p>Lu&#244;n lu&#244;n l&#432;u &#253; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7875; b&#233; h&#237;t kh&#243;i thu&#7889;c l&#225;, &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t quan tr&#7885;ng &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng b&#233; c&#243; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; h&#244; h&#7845;p.</p><p>&#8226; Thu&#7889;c th&#432;&#7901;ng kh&#244;ng tr&#7883; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7879;nh n&#224;y, KH&#193;NG SINH trong tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p n&#224;y l&#224; KH&#212;NG C&#211; T&#193;C D&#7908;NG b&#7903;i v&#236; b&#7879;nh do virus g&#226;y ra v&#224; kh&#225;ng sinh (antibiotics) KH&#212;NG TR&#7882; VIRUS.</p><p>&#8226; B&#233; c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ngh&#7881; ng&#417;i, b&#250; nhi&#7873;u &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh m&#7845;t n&#432;&#7899;c, c&#225;c c&#7919; b&#250; c&#7847;n ng&#7855;n h&#417;n th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh l&#224;m b&#233; m&#7879;t m&#7887;i; &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i b&#233; l&#7899;n th&#236; &#259;n nhi&#7873;u b&#7919;a nh&#7887; trong ng&#224;y, v&#224; u&#7889;ng nhi&#7873;u n&#432;&#7899;c, chia l&#224;m nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n trong ng&#224;y.B&#233; c&#243; th&#7875; nh&#7853;p vi&#7879;n &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#7907; gi&#250;p v&#7873; h&#244; h&#7845;p v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c b&#7893; xung th&#7903; oxy, n&#7871;u b&#233; c&#243; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; v&#7873; h&#244; h&#7845;p, ho&#7863;c truy&#7873;n d&#7883;ch &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh m&#7845;t n&#432;&#7899;c.</p><p><strong>III. CH&#258;M S&#211;C B&#201; T&#7840;I NH&#192;</strong></p><p>&#8226; Cho b&#233; b&#250; c&#224;ng nhi&#7873;u c&#224;ng t&#7889;t. Tuy nhi&#234;n m&#7895;i c&#7919; b&#250;/&#259;n n&#234;n r&#250;t ng&#7855;n th&#7901;i gian &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh l&#224;m b&#233; m&#7879;t.</p><p>&#8226; Tr&#225;nh ti&#7871;p x&#250;c v&#7899;i c&#225;c b&#233; kh&#225;c trong v&#224;i ng&#224;y &#273;&#7847;u, v&#236; vi&#234;m ti&#7875;u ph&#7871; qu&#7843;n l&#224; m&#7897;t b&#7879;nh c&#243; th&#7875; l&#226;y lan.</p><p>&#8226; Kh&#244;ng cho b&#233; &#273;&#7871;n g&#7847;n khu v&#7921;c c&#243; kh&#243;i thu&#7889;c l&#225;.</p><p><strong>IV. THEO D&#213;I</strong></p><p><em>&#272;&#432;a b&#233; &#273;&#7871;n g&#7863;p b&#225;c s&#297; ho&#7863;c v&#224;o b&#7879;nh vi&#7879;n NGAY n&#7871;u nh&#432;:</em></p><p>&#8226; B&#233; th&#7903; kh&#243; kh&#259;n (th&#7903; r&#7845;t nhanh ho&#7863;c kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#7863;n)</p><p>&#8226; Kh&#244;ng th&#7875; b&#250;/&#259;n b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng v&#236; ho v&#224; th&#7903; kh&#242; kh&#232;</p><p>&#8226; Da m&#7863;t thay &#273;&#7893;i khi ho</p><p>&#8226; Da t&#237;m t&#225;i ho&#7863;c nh&#7907;t nh&#7841;t v&#224; &#273;&#7893; m&#7891; h&#244;i</p><p><em>G&#7885;i b&#225;c s&#297; v&#224; &#273;&#7863;t cu&#7897;c h&#7865;n n&#7871;u nh&#432;</em></p><p>&#8226; B&#233; ho c&#224;ng ng&#224;y c&#224;ng n&#7863;ng</p><p>&#8226; B&#233; b&#250;/&#259;n &#237;t h&#417;n m&#7897;t n&#7917;a so v&#7899;i b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng</p><p>&#8226; B&#233; t&#7887; ra r&#7845;t m&#7879;t m&#7887;i v&#224; ng&#7911; nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng</p><p>&#8226; Cha m&#7865; lo l&#7855;ng</p><p><strong>V. M&#7896;T V&#192;I &#272;I&#7874;M C&#7846;N L&#431;U &#221;</strong></p><p>&#8226; B&#233; c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ngh&#7881; ng&#417;i v&#224; b&#250;/u&#7889;ng n&#432;&#7899;c nhi&#7873;u, chia th&#224;nh nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n</p><p>&#8226; B&#7879;nh vi&#234;m ti&#7875;u ph&#7871; qu&#7843;n c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng l&#226;y lan trong m&#7897;t v&#224;i ng&#224;y &#273;&#7847;u sau khi ph&#225;t b&#7879;nh</p><p>&#8226; B&#233; th&#432;&#7901;ng &#7889;m kho&#7843;ng t&#7915; 3 &#273;&#7871;n 5 ng&#224;y v&#224; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u h&#7891;i ph&#7909;c t&#7915; 7 &#273;&#7871;n 10 ng&#224;y sau &#273;&#243;, nh&#432;ng ho c&#243; th&#7875; k&#233;o d&#224;i t&#7915; 2 &#273;&#7871;n 4 tu&#7847;n.</p><p>&#8226; C&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#250;t thu&#7889;c trong nh&#224; s&#7869; l&#224;m cho b&#7879;nh t&#236;nh c&#7911;a b&#233; n&#7863;ng h&#417;n</p><p>Ngu&#7891;n: <a href="http://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Bronchiolitis/">http://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Bronchiolitis/</a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Bệnh sởi (Measles) ]]></title><description><![CDATA[I.]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/benh-soi-measles</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/benh-soi-measles</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 17 Apr 2014 05:01:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uxJ2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F242919fe-1ff0-4c9f-8bf8-f6c9e8a03600_430x300.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uxJ2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F242919fe-1ff0-4c9f-8bf8-f6c9e8a03600_430x300.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uxJ2!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F242919fe-1ff0-4c9f-8bf8-f6c9e8a03600_430x300.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uxJ2!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F242919fe-1ff0-4c9f-8bf8-f6c9e8a03600_430x300.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uxJ2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F242919fe-1ff0-4c9f-8bf8-f6c9e8a03600_430x300.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uxJ2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F242919fe-1ff0-4c9f-8bf8-f6c9e8a03600_430x300.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uxJ2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F242919fe-1ff0-4c9f-8bf8-f6c9e8a03600_430x300.jpeg" width="430" height="300" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/242919fe-1ff0-4c9f-8bf8-f6c9e8a03600_430x300.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:300,&quot;width&quot;:430,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:33176,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uxJ2!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F242919fe-1ff0-4c9f-8bf8-f6c9e8a03600_430x300.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uxJ2!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F242919fe-1ff0-4c9f-8bf8-f6c9e8a03600_430x300.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uxJ2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F242919fe-1ff0-4c9f-8bf8-f6c9e8a03600_430x300.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uxJ2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F242919fe-1ff0-4c9f-8bf8-f6c9e8a03600_430x300.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em><strong>I. B&#7878;NH S&#7902;I L&#192; G&#204;?</strong></em></p><p>1. S&#7903;i l&#224; m&#7897;t b&#7879;nh c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng l&#226;y lan r&#7845;t nhanh do m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i virus t&#234;n l&#224; Morbillivirus g&#226;y ra. Virus n&#224;y l&#226;y t&#7915; ng&#432;&#7901;i sang ng&#432;&#7901;i qua m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng kh&#244;ng kh&#237;.</p><p>Nh&#7919;ng bi&#7871;n ch&#7913;ng do S&#7903;i g&#226;y ra c&#243; th&#7875; g&#226;y ra ti&#234;u ch&#7843;y, co gi&#7853;t, vi&#234;m tai, n&#227;o v&#224; ph&#7893;i, d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n h&#432; t&#7893;n v&#7873; n&#227;o (hi&#7871;m), m&#249; v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7917; vong. C&#7913; 1 trong 1000 tr&#7867; em nhi&#7877;m S&#7903;i s&#7869; b&#7883; vi&#234;m n&#227;o (encephalitis). C&#7913; 10 tr&#7867; b&#7883; vi&#234;m n&#227;o s&#7869; c&#243; m&#7897;t em t&#7917; vong v&#224; n&#259;m em s&#7869; b&#7883; h&#432; t&#7893;n n&#227;o v&#297;nh vi&#7877;n.</p><p>(Th&#244;ng tin t&#7915; website c&#7911;a Ch&#237;nh ph&#7911; &#218;c: <a href="http://www.health.gov.au/internet/immunise/publishing.nsf/Content/immunise-measles">http://www.health.gov.au/internet/immunise/publishing.nsf/Content/immunise-measles</a>)</p><p>M&#7863;c d&#249; b&#7879;nh S&#7903;i &#273;&#227; suy gi&#7843;m 78{8bef5806162a3bf903fe0c56d3d07538e41a568c559a5bf0d36ffdac25ffe5bd} tr&#234;n to&#224;n th&#7871; gi&#7899;i v&#224;o nh&#7919;ng n&#259;m g&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y, t&#7915; 562 400 ca t&#7917; vong n&#259;m 2000 c&#242;n 122 000 ca n&#259;m 2012, nh&#432;ng v&#7851;n c&#242;n kh&#225; ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n &#7903; c&#225;c qu&#7889;c gia thu&#7897;c Ch&#226;u Phi v&#224; Ch&#226;u &#193;. M&#7895;i n&#259;m tr&#234;n to&#224;n th&#7871; gi&#7899;i c&#243; kho&#7843;ng 20 tri&#7879;u ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; nhi&#7877;m S&#7903;i, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; &#7903; c&#225;c n&#432;&#7899;c &#273;ang ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n v&#224; c&#243; thu nh&#7853;p b&#236;nh qu&#226;n &#273;&#7847;u ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7845;p.</p><p>http://www.who.int/immunization/topics/measles/en/</p><p>Ph&#7909; n&#7919; mang thai m&#7855;c b&#7879;nh S&#7903;i c&#243; nguy c&#417; b&#7883; s&#7849;y thai, sinh non v&#224; sinh con nh&#7865; c&#226;n.</p><p>Kho&#7843;ng 30{8bef5806162a3bf903fe0c56d3d07538e41a568c559a5bf0d36ffdac25ffe5bd} ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7855;c b&#7879;nh S&#7903;i c&#243; th&#7875; d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng bi&#7871;n ch&#7913;ng n&#234;u tr&#234;n, th&#432;&#7901;ng &#7903; tr&#7867; d&#432;&#7899;i 5 tu&#7893;i v&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n tr&#234;n 20 tu&#7893;i.</p><p>(Ngu&#7891;n: http://www.health.govt.nz/your-health/conditions-and-treatments/diseases-and-illnesses/measles?qt-moh_topic_sheet_tabs=3)</p><p><em><strong>II. C&#7908; TH&#7874; DI&#7876;N BI&#7870;N C&#7910;A B&#7878;NH</strong></em></p><p>M&#7897;t khi &#273;&#227; nhi&#7877;m virus n&#224;y v&#224;o ng&#432;&#7901;i r&#7891;i th&#236; kho&#7843;ng 10 &#273;&#7871;n 14 ng&#224;y sau s&#7869; c&#243; nh&#7919;ng tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng:</p><p>- Ph&#225;t ban ( rash), xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n &#7903; &#273;&#7847;u, c&#7893; v&#224; sau &#273;&#243; lan h&#7871;t c&#7843; c&#417; th&#7875;.</p><p>- S&#7889;t (tr&#234;n 38 &#273;&#7897; C)</p><p>- Ho</p><p>- S&#7893; m&#361;i</p><p>- M&#7855;t &#273;&#7887;</p><p>- Th&#7881;nh tho&#7843;ng c&#243; nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7889;m tr&#7855;ng trong mi&#7879;ng, ch&#7895; b&#234;n trong c&#7911;a m&#225;.</p><p>Ban &#273;&#7887; k&#233;o d&#224;i kho&#7843;ng m&#7897;t tu&#7847;n.</p><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n, ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; nhi&#7877;m S&#7903;i c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng l&#226;y cho ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c 5 ng&#224;y tr&#432;&#7899;c khi c&#243; ban &#273;&#7887; xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n, v&#224; 5 ng&#224;y sau khi c&#225;c v&#7871;t ban bi&#7871;n m&#7845;t.</p><p><em><strong>III. PH&#210;NG B&#7878;NH H&#416;N CH&#7918;A B&#7878;NH</strong></em></p><p>Tuy l&#224; m&#7897;t b&#7879;nh truy&#7873;n nhi&#7877;m v&#224; l&#226;y lan r&#7845;t cao, nh&#432;ng b&#7879;nh S&#7903;i ho&#224;n to&#224;n c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#242;ng tr&#225;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7857;ng vi&#7879;c ti&#234;m v&#7855;c-xin &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911;. Bi&#7879;n ph&#225;p ph&#242;ng b&#7879;nh h&#7919;u hi&#7879;u nh&#7845;t l&#224; ti&#234;m ph&#242;ng v&#7855;c xin MMR (measles, mumps and rubella). V&#7855;c xin n&#224;y &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng tr&#234;n 50 n&#259;m nay, ho&#224;n to&#224;n an to&#224;n v&#224; r&#7867; ti&#7873;n.</p><p>Theo s&#7889; li&#7879;u t&#7915; ch&#237;nh ph&#7911; New Zealand, nh&#7919;ng ai sinh tr&#432;&#7899;c ng&#224;y 1 th&#225;ng 6 n&#259;m 1969 &#273;&#432;&#7907;c xem nh&#432; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch. Nh&#7919;ng ai sinh sau ng&#224;y &#273;&#243; s&#7869; c&#7847;n 2 m&#361;i v&#7855;c xin &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch ho&#224;n to&#224;n. T&#7841;i New Zealand, v&#7855;c-xin MMR &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ti&#234;m 2 l&#7847;n cho tr&#7867; em: m&#361;i &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n v&#224;o 15 th&#225;ng v&#224; m&#361;i th&#7913; hai v&#224;o n&#259;m 4 tu&#7893;i.</p><p>&#7902; &#218;c th&#236; MMR ti&#234;m l&#7847;n &#273;&#7847;u cho tr&#7867; 12 th&#225;ng v&#224; ti&#234;m nh&#7855;c l&#7841;i v&#224;o 18 th&#225;ng ho&#7863;c 4 tu&#7893;i. L&#7883;ch ti&#234;m MMR &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam c&#361;ng t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; nh&#432; &#7903; &#218;c. Tuy nhi&#234;n, theo th&#244;ng tin t&#7915; trang web c&#7911;a C&#417; quan Ph&#242;ng Ch&#7889;ng B&#7879;nh T&#7853;t (Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention: <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/measles/fs-parents.html">http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/measles/fs-parents.html</a>), trong th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7883;ch b&#7879;nh b&#249;ng ph&#225;t, c&#243; th&#7875; ti&#234;m MMR cho b&#233; 6 &#8211; 11 th&#225;ng tu&#7893;i, nh&#7845;t l&#224; c&#225;c b&#233; &#273;i du l&#7883;ch c&#249;ng v&#7899;i b&#7889; m&#7865; &#273;&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng v&#249;ng c&#243; nguy c&#417; d&#7883;ch s&#7903;i.</p><p>&#272;&#7889;i v&#7899;i tr&#7867; em &#273;&#227; t&#7915;ng b&#7883; S&#7903;i th&#236; s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch, nh&#432;ng &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; kh&#244;ng ti&#234;m m&#361;i MMR v&#236; MMR c&#242;n ph&#242;ng b&#7879;nh Quai B&#7883; (mumps) v&#224; b&#7879;nh S&#7903;i &#272;&#7913;c (rubella).</p><p>Ngo&#224;i vi&#7879;c ti&#234;m ng&#7915;a MMR th&#236; b&#7893; sung vitamin A r&#7845;t quan tr&#7885;ng. S&#7921; suy gi&#7843;m Vitamin A &#273;&#432;&#7907;c cho l&#224; c&#243; li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n c&#225;c bi&#7871;n ch&#7913;ng c&#7911;a S&#7903;i d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n h&#432; t&#7893;n v&#7873; m&#7855;t v&#224; m&#249; l&#242;a.</p><p><a href="http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/966220-treatment#aw2aab6b6b4">http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/966220-treatment#aw2aab6b6b4</a></p><p><em><strong>Ch&#7889;ng ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i v&#7855;c xin ng&#7915;a S&#7903;i g&#7891;m c&#243;:</strong></em></p><p>- Ph&#7909; n&#7919; mang thai. Theo l&#253; thuy&#7871;t, v&#7855;c xin n&#224;y n&#234;n tr&#225;nh ti&#234;m cho ph&#7909; n&#7919; c&#243; thai. Tuy nhi&#234;n v&#224;o qu&#253; 3 c&#7911;a thai k&#7923;, v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; &#7903; qu&#253; 2, l&#7907;i &#237;ch c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c ti&#234;m v&#7855;c xin &#273;&#432;&#7907;c cho l&#224; l&#7899;n h&#417;n nh&#7919;ng ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p do b&#7879;nh S&#7903;i mang l&#7841;i (ngu&#7891;n: </p><p>http://www.nicd.ac.za/?page=measles_vaccine_faq_health_workers&amp;id=46</p><p>)</p><p>- B&#7879;nh nh&#226;n ung th&#432;</p><p>- B&#7879;nh nh&#226;n b&#7883; lao ph&#7893;i ch&#432;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883;</p><p>- B&#7879;nh nh&#226;n &#273;ang &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; b&#7857;ng c&#225;c bi&#7879;n ph&#225;p c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m suy gi&#7843;m h&#7879; mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch</p><p>- B&#7879;nh nh&#226;n b&#7883; HIV ch&#7881; ch&#7889;ng ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh v&#7899;i v&#7855;c xin S&#7903;i khi l&#432;&#7907;ng suy gi&#7843;m mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch &#7903; m&#7913;c tr&#7847;m tr&#7885;ng (CD4 th&#7845;p h&#417;n 15{8bef5806162a3bf903fe0c56d3d07538e41a568c559a5bf0d36ffdac25ffe5bd})</p><ul><li><p><strong>gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch</strong>: CD4 l&#224; t&#7871; b&#224;o m&#225;u tr&#7855;ng, white blood cells, c&#243; t&#234;n g&#7885;i kh&#225;c l&#224; T-helper cells, nhi&#7879;m v&#7909; c&#7911;a CD4 l&#224; ch&#7889;ng l&#7841;i nhi&#7877;m tr&#249;ng (infection). CD4 &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7841;o ra &#7903; l&#225; l&#225;ch (spleen), h&#7841;ch (lymph nodes), tuy&#7871;n &#7913;c (thymus), nh&#7919;ng b&#7897; ph&#7853;n n&#224;y thu&#7897;c h&#7879; mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch. T&#7871; b&#224;o CD4 di chuy&#7875;n kh&#7855;p c&#417; th&#7875; &#273;&#7875; nh&#7853;n di&#7879;n v&#224; ti&#234;u di&#7879;t &#8220;k&#7867; th&#249;&#8221;c&#7911;a c&#417; th&#7875; l&#224; vi khu&#7849;n (bacteria) v&#224; virus. S&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7871; b&#224;o CD4 trong c&#417; th&#7875; cho th&#7845;y m&#7913;c mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch &#7903; c&#417; th&#7875; m&#7841;nh &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#226;u. &#7902; b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n HIV, l&#432;&#7907;ng CD4 cho th&#7845;y giai &#273;o&#7841;n b&#7879;nh v&#224; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ch&#7889;ng ch&#7885;i c&#7911;a b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n, c&#361;ng nh&#432; d&#7921; b&#225;o &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; ti&#7871;n tri&#7875;n c&#7911;a b&#7879;nh.</p></li></ul><p>- Nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7917; d&#7909;ng m&#7897;t s&#7889; lo&#7841;i thu&#7889;c nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh, ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; corticosteroids li&#7873;u cao.</p><p><em>PH&#210;NG B&#7878;NH S&#7902;I &#272;&#7888;I V&#7898;I TR&#7866; B&#218; M&#7864;</em></p><p>Tuy s&#7919;a m&#7865; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c cho l&#224; t&#225;c nh&#226;n t&#259;ng c&#432;&#7901;ng mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch cho b&#233;, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; v&#7855;c xin ph&#242;ng b&#7879;nh. V&#236; v&#7853;y, k&#7875; c&#7843; c&#225;c m&#7865; cho con b&#250; s&#7919;a m&#7865; ho&#224;n to&#224;n c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng n&#234;n ch&#7911; quan.</p><p>S&#7919;a m&#7865; cung c&#7845;p kh&#225;ng th&#7875; mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch th&#7909; &#273;&#7897;ng (passive immunisation), t&#7913;c l&#224; b&#233; c&#242;n b&#250; m&#7865; th&#236; c&#242;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#432;&#7903;ng kh&#225;ng th&#7875; n&#224;y (ch&#7881; c&#243; t&#225;c d&#7909;ng trong th&#7901;i gian ng&#7855;n, t&#7841;m th&#7901;i). Trong khi &#273;&#243;, v&#7855;c xin ph&#242;ng b&#7879;nh s&#7903;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&#224; kh&#225;ng th&#7875; ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng (active immunisation). Tr&#225;i v&#7899;i kh&#225;ng th&#7875; th&#7909; &#273;&#7897;ng, kh&#225;ng th&#7875; ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng (v&#7855;c xin) k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t (activative) kh&#7843; n&#259;ng s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t kh&#225;ng th&#7875; (antibodies) c&#7911;a c&#417; th&#7875; &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i virus hay vi tr&#249;ng c&#7911;a m&#7897;t b&#7879;nh c&#7909; th&#7875; n&#224;o &#273;&#243; (c&#243; t&#225;c d&#7909;ng trong th&#7901;i gian d&#224;i, th&#7853;m ch&#237; l&#224; tr&#7885;n &#273;&#7901;i).</p><p>Do &#273;&#243;, ti&#234;m ng&#7915;a &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911; v&#224; &#273;&#250;ng l&#250;c l&#224; bi&#7879;n ph&#225;p ph&#242;ng b&#7879;nh h&#7919;u hi&#7879;u cho con.</p><p>V&#236; s&#7903;i l&#226;y lan qua &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng kh&#244;ng kh&#237;, c&#7847;n gi&#7919; v&#7879; sinh s&#7841;ch s&#7869; &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;m thi&#7875;u s&#7921; ph&#225;t t&#225;n c&#7911;a virus, ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; r&#7917;a tay s&#7841;ch s&#7869; (s&#7917; d&#7909;ng gel ti&#7879;t tr&#249;ng) v&#224; &#273;eo kh&#7849;u trang tr&#432;&#7899;c v&#224; sau khi &#273;&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng v&#249;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nghi l&#224; c&#243; d&#7883;ch b&#7879;nh.</p><p><em><strong>IV. &#272;I&#7872;U TR&#7882; S&#7902;I</strong></em></p><p>Kh&#244;ng c&#243; kh&#225;ng sinh (antibiotics) &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t tr&#7883; S&#7903;i, v&#236; S&#7903;i do Virus g&#226;y ra.</p><p><em><strong>Tuy nhi&#234;n khi S&#7903;i bi&#7871;n ch&#7913;ng th&#224;nh vi&#234;m tai, vi&#234;m m&#7855;t v&#224; vi&#234;m ph&#7893;i th&#236; kh&#225;ng sinh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; tr&#7883; c&#225;c bi&#7871;n ch&#7913;ng n&#224;y.</strong></em></p><p>Kh&#244;ng c&#243; ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; c&#7909; th&#7875; n&#224;o &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i b&#7879;nh S&#7903;i. Qu&#225; tr&#236;nh &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; bao g&#7891;m vi&#7879;c b&#7843;o &#273;&#7843;m dinh d&#432;&#7905;ng v&#224; b&#249; n&#432;&#7899;c m&#7845;t do s&#7889;t cao, &#243;i m&#7917;a v&#224; ti&#234;u ch&#7843;y.</p><p>T&#7845;t c&#7843; tr&#7867; em &#7903; c&#225;c n&#432;&#7899;c &#273;ang ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n b&#7883; ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n l&#224; m&#7855;c b&#7879;nh S&#7903;i c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ti&#234;m 2 li&#7873;u Vitamin A d&#7921; ph&#242;ng, c&#225;ch nhau 24 ti&#7871;ng . Hai li&#7873;u Vitamin A n&#224;y c&#243; t&#225;c d&#7909;ng h&#7891;i ph&#7909;c l&#432;&#7907;ng Vitamin A b&#7883; thi&#7871;u h&#7909;t khi m&#7855;c b&#7879;nh (k&#7875; c&#7843; &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i tr&#7867; &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911; dinh d&#432;&#7905;ng khi m&#7855;c b&#7879;nh) &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh h&#432; t&#7893;n v&#7873; m&#7855;t d&#7851;n t&#7899;i m&#249; l&#242;a. Ti&#234;m Vitamin A cho th&#7845;y gi&#7843;m 50{8bef5806162a3bf903fe0c56d3d07538e41a568c559a5bf0d36ffdac25ffe5bd} t&#7881; l&#7879; t&#7917; vong do S&#7903;i g&#226;y ra.</p><p>Ngu&#7891;n: <a href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs286/en/">http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs286/en/</a></p><p>Th&#244;ng tin t&#7915; Vi&#7879;n H&#224;n L&#226;m Nhi &#272;&#7891;ng Hoa K&#7923; <a href="http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/91/5/1014.full.pdf+html">http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/91/5/1014.full.pdf+html </a>c&#361;ng theo khuy&#7871;n c&#225;o c&#7911;a WHO v&#224; UNICEF.</p><p>Thu&#7889;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; tr&#7883; b&#7879;nh S&#7903;i g&#7891;m c&#243; Vitamin A, thu&#7889;c ch&#7889;ng virus (antiviral, ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; Ribavirin), v&#7855;c xin ng&#7915;a S&#7903; v&#224; globulin mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i (human immunoglobulin (Ig)) v&#224; kh&#225;ng sinh &#273;&#7875; tr&#7883; c&#225;c bi&#7871;n ch&#7913;ng ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p do S&#7903;i g&#226;y ra.</p><p>Ngu&#7891;n: <a href="http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/966220-medication">http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/966220-medication</a></p><p><strong>L&#432;u &#253;</strong>: N&#7871;u tr&#7867; b&#7883; s&#7889;t do S&#7903;i, cha m&#7865; tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i kh&#244;ng n&#234;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng Aspirin ho&#7863;c c&#225;c thu&#7889;c c&#243; th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n Aspirin &#273;&#7875; h&#7841; s&#7889;t v&#236; vi&#7879;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng Aspirin &#273;&#7875; &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#7883; b&#7879;nh do nhi&#7877;m virus &#273;&#432;&#7907;c cho l&#224; c&#243; m&#7889;i li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n H&#7897;i ch&#7913;ng Reye (Reye Syndrome), tham kh&#7843;o th&#234;m th&#244;ng tin (ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t): <a href="http://www.dieutri.vn/treem/2-1-2012/S1920/Hoi-chung-Reye.htm">http://www.dieutri.vn/treem/2-1-2012/S1920/Hoi-chung-Reye.htm</a></p><p><strong>L&#192;M G&#204; KHI B&#7882; S&#7902;I:</strong></p><p>- Ngh&#7881; ng&#417;i nhi&#7873;u</p><p>- U&#7889;ng nhi&#7873;u n&#432;&#7899;c/b&#249; n&#432;&#7899;c</p><p>- D&#249;ng paracetamol &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;m s&#7889;t &amp; &#273;au</p><p>- C&#225;ch ly &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh l&#226;y lan.</p><p><strong>L&#192;M G&#204; KHI TI&#7870;P X&#218;C V&#7898;I NGU&#7890;N B&#7878;NH (TI&#7870;P X&#218;C V&#7898;I NG&#431;&#7900;I B&#7882; B&#7878;NH S&#7902;I)</strong></p><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n ho&#7863;c con b&#7841;n ti&#7871;p x&#250;c v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7883; b&#7879;nh s&#7903;i m&#224; ch&#432;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ti&#234;m ph&#242;ng s&#7903;i (ho&#7863;c ch&#432;a t&#7915;ng b&#7883; s&#7903;i), sau &#273;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t v&#224;i bi&#7879;n ph&#225;p:</p><p>N&#7871;u ti&#7871;p x&#250;c trong v&#242;ng 72 ti&#7871;ng: L&#7853;p t&#7913;c ti&#234;m ph&#242;ng s&#7903;i ngay</p><p>N&#7871;u ti&#7871;p x&#250;c t&#7915; 3 &#273;&#7871;n 7 ng&#224;y: ti&#234;m globulin mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch (immunoglobulin), &#273;&#226;y l&#224; d&#7841;ng mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch th&#7909; &#273;&#7897;ng (passive immunisation). V&#7855;c xin ng&#7915;a S&#7903;i, hay c&#242;n g&#7885; l&#224; mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng (active immunisation) c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ti&#234;m sau &#273;&#243; &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh nguy c&#417; nhi&#7877;m b&#7879;nh nh&#432;ng ph&#7843;i ti&#234;m 3 th&#225;ng sau khi &#273;&#227; ti&#234;m globulin mi&#7877;n d&#7883;ch.</p><p>Ngu&#7891;n: http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Measles</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Dinh dưỡng cho trẻ nên hay không nên dùng thực phẩm thay sữa]]></title><description><![CDATA[Ngu&#7891;n: Pediatric Consultant]]></description><link>https://www.webcuame.com/p/dinh-duong-cho-tre-nen-hay-khong</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.webcuame.com/p/dinh-duong-cho-tre-nen-hay-khong</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Webcuame]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 11 Apr 2014 03:16:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8bc2e468-3c60-409c-8c00-4aa91f398ad7_300x168.webp" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JNPe!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff62a774b-e3bd-4299-8466-4cc9601e4736_300x168.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JNPe!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff62a774b-e3bd-4299-8466-4cc9601e4736_300x168.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JNPe!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff62a774b-e3bd-4299-8466-4cc9601e4736_300x168.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JNPe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff62a774b-e3bd-4299-8466-4cc9601e4736_300x168.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JNPe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff62a774b-e3bd-4299-8466-4cc9601e4736_300x168.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JNPe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff62a774b-e3bd-4299-8466-4cc9601e4736_300x168.jpeg" width="300" height="168" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f62a774b-e3bd-4299-8466-4cc9601e4736_300x168.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:168,&quot;width&quot;:300,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:5892,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JNPe!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff62a774b-e3bd-4299-8466-4cc9601e4736_300x168.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JNPe!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff62a774b-e3bd-4299-8466-4cc9601e4736_300x168.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JNPe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff62a774b-e3bd-4299-8466-4cc9601e4736_300x168.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JNPe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff62a774b-e3bd-4299-8466-4cc9601e4736_300x168.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Ngu&#7891;n: <a href="http://www.pediatricsconsultant360.com/content/newborn-nutrition-supplement-or-not-supplement">Pediatric Consultant</a></p><p>T&#225;c gi&#7843;: ANN L. KELLAMS, MD, IBCLC Tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#272;&#7841;i H&#7885;c Virginia</p><p><em><strong>T&#211;M L&#431;&#7906;C: C&#225;ch t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t cho dinh d&#432;&#7905;ng tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh l&#224; kh&#244;ng cho b&#233; &#259;n hay b&#250; g&#236; ngo&#224;i s&#7919;a m&#7865;, ngo&#7841;i tr&#7915; nh&#7919;ng tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p do y khoa ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh. N&#7871;u b&#233; b&#250; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7911; d&#7851;n t&#7899;i h&#7841; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng huy&#7871;t, m&#7845;t n&#432;&#7899;c tr&#7847;m tr&#7885;ng v&#224; ch&#7853;m &#273;&#7841;i ti&#7879;n, c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; nghi&#234;m t&#250;c vi&#7879;c cho b&#250;. Th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m ngo&#224;i s&#7919;a m&#7865; ch&#7881; n&#234;n ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i b&#233; n&#224;o c&#243; t&#236;nh h&#236;nh kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n d&#249; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7849;m &#273;&#7883;nh v&#224; c&#243; c&#225;c bi&#7879;n ph&#225;p can thi&#7879;p nh&#7857;m &#273;&#7875; b&#233; b&#250; m&#7865; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;. Vi&#7879;c ch&#7853;m tr&#7877; c&#7911;a ti&#7871;n tr&#236;nh lactogenesis II (t&#7913;c l&#224; qu&#225; tr&#236;nh s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t s&#7919;a m&#7865;) kh&#244;ng th&#7875; &#273;u&#7907;c ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n cho t&#7899;i ng&#224;y th&#7913; 3 v&#224; th&#7913; 5 sau khi sinh v&#224; c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i c&#243; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng cho th&#7845;y b&#233; kh&#244;ng b&#250; &#273;&#7911;. &#272;&#7875; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; b&#250; m&#7865;, ng&#432;&#7901;i ta s&#7917; d&#7909;ng h&#7879; th&#7889;ng ch&#7845;m &#273;i&#7875;m LATCH. Tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#250; &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi xu&#7845;t vi&#7879;n. C&#7847;n ch&#250; &#253; nh&#7919;ng tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p m&#224; tr&#7867; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c gi&#7843;m c&#226;n sau ng&#224;y th&#7913; 7 k&#7875; t&#7915; khi ra &#273;&#7901;i, ho&#7863;c v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng b&#233; kh&#244;ng quay tr&#7903; l&#7841;i c&#226;n n&#7863;ng l&#250;c m&#7899;i sinh khi &#273;&#432;&#7907;c 2 tu&#7847;n tu&#7893;i. M&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng l&#253; do d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c NCBSM th&#7845;t b&#7841;i li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng mong &#273;&#7907;i kh&#244;ng th&#7921;c t&#7871; c&#7911;a b&#224; m&#7865;. Gi&#225;o d&#7909;c l&#224; bi&#7879;n ph&#225;p &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n v&#224; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7875; khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch NCBSM</strong></em><strong>.</strong></p><p>Th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#7881; c&#243; d&#432;&#7899;i 10% tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh &#273;&#7911; th&#225;ng m&#7899;i c&#7847;n th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m b&#7893; sung v&#7899;i c&#244;ng th&#7913;c (s&#7919;a c&#244;ng th&#7913;c, sct) trong th&#7901;i gian &#7903; b&#7879;nh vi&#7879;n. M&#7863;c d&#249; T&#7893; Ch&#7913;c Y T&#7871; Th&#7871; Gi&#7899;i (WHO) v&#224; CDC v&#224; AAP &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7873; ngh&#7883; r&#7857;ng tr&#7867; d&#432;&#7899;i 6 th&#225;ng c&#7847;n b&#250; s&#7919;a m&#7865; ho&#224;n to&#224;n, tuy nhi&#234;n th&#7889;ng k&#234; cho th&#7845;y ch&#7881; c&#243; 75% s&#7843;n ph&#7909; ti&#7871;n h&#224;nh vi&#7879;c cho con b&#250; v&#224; t&#7881; l&#7879; cho con b&#250; ho&#224;n to&#224;n t&#7915; 3 &#273;&#7871;n 6 th&#225;ng &#273;&#227; gi&#7843;m l&#7847;n l&#432;&#7907;t xu&#7889;ng 33%.</p><p> <strong>C&#416; S&#7902; CHO NH&#7918;NG KHUY&#7870;N C&#193;O HI&#7878;N H&#192;NH</strong> </p><p>Nh&#236;n chung, c&#7847;n tr&#225;nh s&#7917; d&#7909;ng sct cho tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh trong n&#259;m &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n n&#7871;u nh&#432; kh&#244;ng c&#243; ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh v&#7873; s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e. B&#250; m&#7865; ho&#224;n to&#224;n s&#7869; cung c&#7845;p cho tr&#7867; t&#7845;t c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t &#273;&#7875; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n trong 4 t&#7899;i 6 th&#225;ng &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#7901;i v&#224; sau &#273;&#243; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c t&#7853;p cho b&#233; &#259;n d&#7863;m. Cho tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh b&#250; m&#7865; l&#224; quy t&#7855;c sinh l&#253; v&#224; ti&#234;u chu&#7849;n v&#224;ng. S&#7919;a m&#7865; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; cung c&#7845;p d&#432;&#7905;ng ch&#7845;t cho tr&#7867; m&#224; c&#242;n l&#224; m&#7897;t h&#7879; th&#7889;ng ph&#7913;c h&#7907;p v&#224; h&#7895; tr&#7907; &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t d&#224;nh cho gi&#7889;ng lo&#224;i (t&#7913;c l&#224; s&#7919;a c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#236; d&#224;nh cho ng&#432;&#7901;i, s&#7919;a c&#7911;a &#273;&#7897;ng v&#7853;t nh&#432; b&#242; th&#236; d&#224;nh cho b&#242; con; s&#7919;a c&#7911;a lo&#224;i n&#224;o th&#236; t&#7889;t cho lo&#224;i &#273;&#243;). Theo &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; c&#7911;a C&#417; quan Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#7873; ch&#259;m s&#243;c v&#224; ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e tr&#7867; em &#7903; c&#225;c n&#432;&#7899;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n, vi&#7879;c cho tr&#7867; b&#250; m&#7865; ho&#224;n to&#224;n c&#243; nhi&#7873;u l&#7907;i &#237;ch v&#7873; s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e, ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; gi&#7843;m thi&#7875;u nguy c&#417; vi&#234;m tai gi&#7919;a c&#7845;p t&#237;nh v&#224; nh&#7853;p vi&#7879;n do nhi&#7877;m tr&#249;ng &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng th&#7903;. Ngo&#224;i ra, cho tr&#7867; b&#250; m&#7865; &#237;t g&#7863;p nh&#7919;ng kh&#243; kh&#259;n v&#7873; t&#224;i ch&#237;nh. M&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u g&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n r&#7857;ng n&#7871;u 90% gia &#273;&#236;nh M&#7929; cho con b&#250; m&#7865; ho&#224;n to&#224;n trong 6 th&#225;ng th&#236; &#273;&#7845;t n&#432;&#7899;c s&#7869; ti&#7871;t ki&#7879;m $13 t&#7881; m&#7897;t n&#259;m v&#224; tr&#225;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c 900 tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p t&#7917; vong.</p><p><strong>NH&#7918;NG B&#7844;T L&#7906;I C&#7910;A S&#7842;N PH&#7848;M THAY TH&#7870; S&#7918;A M&#7864;</strong> </p><p>H&#7847;u h&#7871;t nh&#7919;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m s&#7919;a c&#244;ng th&#7913;c tr&#234;n th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7873;u c&#243; xu&#7845;t x&#7913; t&#7915; s&#7919;a b&#242;, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7871; bi&#7871;n trong h&#227;ng x&#432;&#7903;ng v&#224; th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#244; &#273;&#7863;c hay l&#224;m kh&#244;, sau &#273;&#243; &#273;&#243;ng g&#243;i v&#224; v&#7853;n chuy&#7875;n v&#7899;i nguy c&#417; nhi&#7877;m khu&#7849;n ti&#7873;m &#7849;n. D&#7883; &#7913;ng s&#7919;a c&#243; th&#7875; x&#7843;y ra sau khi tr&#7867; u&#7889;ng m&#7897;t l&#432;&#7907;ng nh&#7887; ch&#7915;ng 40ml s&#7919;a c&#244;ng th&#7913;c t&#7915; s&#7919;a b&#242;. Nh&#7919;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; ch&#7913;a c&#225;c ch&#7845;t g&#226;y nghi&#7879;n nh&#432; d&#7847;u d&#7915;a v&#224; d&#7847;u &#273;&#7853;u n&#224;nh, v&#224; kh&#244;ng gi&#7889;ng v&#7899;i s&#7919;a ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#234;n kh&#244;ng c&#243; c&#225;c t&#7871; b&#224;o s&#7889;ng v&#224; t&#7871; b&#224;o di&#7879;t tr&#7915; nhi&#7877;m tr&#249;ng. K&#7871;t qu&#7843;, so v&#7899;i b&#233; b&#250; m&#7865;, m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng trong b&#7909;ng c&#7911;a b&#233; b&#250; sct c&#243; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t r&#245; r&#7879;t trong th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n c&#7845;u t&#7841;o vi sinh h&#7885;c v&#7899;i nhi&#7873;u vi khu&#7849;n k&#7925; kh&#237; v&#224; c&#243; m&#249;i n&#7863;ng h&#417;n.</p><p>S&#7917; d&#7909;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m thay th&#7871; s&#7919;a m&#7865; trong b&#7879;nh vi&#7879;n do ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh c&#7911;a b&#225;c s&#297; ho&#7863;c nh&#7919;ng l&#253; do kh&#225;c cho th&#7845;y s&#7921; s&#7909;t gi&#7843;m t&#7927; l&#7879; b&#250; m&#7865; khi v&#7873; nh&#224;. Cho b&#250; s&#7919;a c&#244;ng th&#7913;c, cho d&#249; b&#7857;ng h&#236;nh th&#7913;c n&#224;o, c&#361;ng g&#226;y b&#7845;t l&#7907;i cho th&#7901;i gian tr&#7867; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#250; m&#7865;. Ch&#7881; c&#243; kho&#7843;ng 1/3 s&#7889; m&#7865; &#273;&#227; cho con b&#250; sct quay tr&#7903; l&#7841;i cho con b&#250; m&#7865; ho&#224;n to&#224;n.</p><p>C&#225;ch t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t cho dinh d&#432;&#7905;ng c&#7911;a tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh. APP t&#225;n th&#224;nh &#8220;10 b&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#7875; nu&#244;i con b&#7857;ng s&#7919;a m&#7865; th&#224;nh c&#244;ng&#8221; c&#7911;a WHO v&#224; Qu&#7929; Nhi &#272;&#7891;ng Li&#234;n H&#7907;p Qu&#7889;c, tr&#7915; b&#432;&#7899;c th&#7913; 9 v&#7873; vi&#7879;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ti gi&#7843;. AAP &#7911;ng h&#7897; vi&#7879;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ti gi&#7843; khi vi&#7879;c b&#250; m&#7865; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t l&#7853;p, b&#7903;i v&#236; &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y ng&#259;n ch&#7863;n ch&#7913;ng &#273;&#7897;t t&#7917; &#7903; tr&#7867; s&#7903; sinh v&#224; c&#243; t&#225;c d&#7909;ng xoa d&#7883;u c&#417;n &#273;au c&#7911;a b&#233; trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh ph&#7851;u thu&#7853;t ho&#7863;c ti&#234;m ch&#237;ch m&#224; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#250; m&#7865;. M&#432;&#7901;i b&#432;&#7899;c nu&#244;i con b&#7857;ng s&#7919;a m&#7865; l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh B&#7879;nh vi&#7879;n Th&#226;n thi&#7879;n v&#7899;i Tr&#7867; em (Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative, BFHI) &#273;&#7875; khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch v&#224; h&#7895; tr&#7907; cho con b&#250; m&#7865; ho&#224;n to&#224;n. M&#7909;c ti&#234;u c&#7911;a BFHI l&#224; khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch v&#224; c&#244;ng nh&#7853;n c&#225;c b&#7879;nh vi&#7879;n v&#224; c&#225;c trung t&#226;m sinh s&#7843;n cung c&#7845;p d&#7883;ch v&#7909; t&#7889;i &#432;u &#273;&#7875; tr&#7867; b&#250; m&#7865;. N&#259;m 2007, CDC (ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#7883;ch: CDC l&#224; vi&#7871;t t&#7855;t c&#7911;a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Trung t&#226;m Ph&#242;ng Ch&#7889;ng B&#7879;nh T&#7853;t) b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u kh&#7843;o s&#225;t t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#225;c trung t&#226;m ph&#7909; s&#7843;n &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; h&#7885; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n 10 b&#432;&#7899;c n&#234;u tr&#234;n nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o.</p><p><em><strong>KHI N&#192;O C&#7846;N TH&#7920;C PH&#7848;M B&#7892; SUNG CHO TR&#7866; SINH &#272;&#7910; TH&#193;NG KH&#7886;E M&#7840;NH? Khi n&#224;o c&#7847;n ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m b&#7893; sung?</strong></em> &#272;&#225;p &#225;n tuy&#7879;t v&#7901;i cho c&#226;u h&#7887;i n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; t&#236;m th&#7845;y &#7903; Quy &#432;&#7899;c 2009 c&#7911;a Vi&#7879;n Y h&#7885;c S&#7919;a m&#7865; (the Academy of Breastfeeding Medecine, ABM) . ABM ph&#226;n bi&#7879;t r&#7841;ch r&#242;i gi&#7919;a vi&#7879;c b&#233; b&#250; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7911; do nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c (ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; ngh&#297; r&#7857;ng m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7911; s&#7919;a cho con b&#250;) v&#224; b&#233; b&#250; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7911; th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#243; ghi l&#7841;i &#273;&#7875; theo d&#245;i, d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c h&#7841; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng huy&#7871;t, m&#7845;t n&#432;&#7899;c tr&#7847;m tr&#7885;ng ho&#7863;c ch&#7853;m &#273;&#7841;i ti&#7879;n. S&#7921; hi&#7879;n di&#7879;n c&#7911;a m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng d&#7845;u hi&#7879;u n&#224;y &#273;&#7875; nh&#7857;m ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh b&#7893; sung s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m thay th&#7871; kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; n&#234;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m thay th&#7871; s&#7919;a m&#7865; m&#224; l&#224; c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; nghi&#234;m t&#250;c k&#232;m v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c quan s&#225;t v&#224; h&#7895; tr&#7907; vi&#7879;c cho con b&#250;. S&#7843;n ph&#7849;m thay th&#7871; ch&#7881; n&#234;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng cho nh&#7919;ng tr&#7867; m&#224; t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng/&#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n kh&#244;ng c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n sau khi &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; nghi&#234;m t&#250;c v&#224; c&#243; nh&#7919;ng h&#236;nh th&#7913;c nh&#7857;m c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n vi&#7879;c NCBSM.</p><p>C&#243; l&#7869; c&#225;ch duy nh&#7845;t h&#7919;u hi&#7879;u trong b&#7879;nh vi&#7879;n &#273;&#7875; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh khi n&#224;o s&#7917; d&#7909;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m thay th&#7871; s&#7919;a m&#7865; l&#224; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n m&#7897;t th&#7849;m &#273;&#7883;nh nghi&#234;m t&#250;c vi&#7879;c b&#233; b&#250;. AAP &#273;&#7873; ngh&#7883; r&#7857;ng vi&#7879;c n&#224;y c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n &#237;t nh&#7845;t hai l&#7847;n m&#7895;i ng&#224;y trong th&#7901;i gian h&#7853;u s&#7843;n &#7903; b&#7879;nh vi&#7879;n. M&#7897;t c&#225;ch kh&#225;ch quan &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; vi&#7879;c NCBSM l&#224; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng h&#7879; th&#7889;ng ch&#7845;m &#273;i&#7875;m LATCH <em>(ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#7883;ch &#8220;latch&#8221; l&#224; &#8220;kh&#7899;p ng&#7853;m&#8221; v&#224; &#273;&#226;y c&#361;ng l&#224; ch&#7919; vi&#7871;t t&#7855;t cho: Latch &#8211; kh&#7899;p ng&#7853;m, Audible swallowing &#8211; ti&#7871;ng b&#233; nu&#7889;t s&#7919;a, Type of nipple &#8211; d&#7841;nh n&#250;m v&#250;, Comfort &#8211; Tho&#7843;i m&#225;i v&#224; Hold &#8211;&#212;m &#7845;p</em>). T&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; nh&#432; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng ch&#7845;m &#273;i&#7875;m Apgar (Apgar l&#224; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e s&#417; sinh ngay l&#250;c ch&#224;o &#273;&#7901;i), h&#7879; th&#7889;ng LATCH c&#361;ng c&#243; 5 ti&#234;u ch&#237;, m&#7895;i ti&#234;u ch&#237; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c cho t&#7915; 0 &#273;&#7871;n 2 &#273;i&#7875;m. H&#7879; th&#7889;ng n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; do b&#225;c s&#297;, y t&#225; ho&#7863;c c&#7889; v&#7845;n v&#7873; s&#7919;a m&#7865; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n. M&#7909;c ti&#234;u l&#224; &#273;&#7875; cho c&#7863;p m&#7865;-con &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7915; 8/10 &#273;i&#7875;m ho&#7863;c h&#417;n trong t&#7889;i thi&#7875;u 2 c&#7919; b&#250; li&#234;n t&#7909;c tr&#432;&#7899;c khi xu&#7845;t vi&#7879;n.</p><p>Hai s&#7921; ki&#7879;n l&#224;m k&#237;ch th&#237;ch Lactogenesis II, y&#7871;u t&#7889; m&#7903; &#273;&#7847;u cho vi&#7879;c s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t s&#7919;a d&#7891;i d&#224;o: S&#7921; s&#7909;t gi&#7843;m &#273;&#7897;t ng&#7897;t c&#7911;a progesterone trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh &#273;&#7849;y ra c&#7911;a nhau thai v&#224; s&#7921; gia t&#259;ng c&#7911;a prolactin m&#7895;i l&#7847;n b&#233; m&#250;t/b&#250;. C&#7847;n ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7907;i t&#7915; 3 &#273;&#7871;n 5 ng&#224;y sau khi sinh m&#7899;i ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n l&#224; lactogenesis II c&#243; ch&#7853;m hay kh&#244;ng, v&#224; ph&#7843;i c&#243; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng l&#224; b&#233; b&#250; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7911;.</p><p>C&#225;c d&#7845;u hi&#7879;u th&#7921;c t&#7871; kh&#225;c &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c NCBSM c&#242;n bao g&#7891;m vi&#7879;c b&#233; b&#7883; gi&#7843;m c&#226;n nhi&#7873;u (h&#417;n 3%) 1 ng&#224;y sau khi sinh, 7% ng&#224;y th&#7913; 2, ho&#7863;c h&#417;n 10% &#7903; b&#7845;t k&#7923; giai &#273;o&#7841;n n&#224;o). Tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh ph&#7843;i ti&#7875;u &#237;t nh&#7845;t m&#7897;t l&#7847;n cho m&#7895;i ng&#224;y b&#233; l&#7899;n cho t&#7899;i ng&#224;y th&#7913; 4 ho&#7863;c 5 v&#224; &#7883; &#237;t nh&#7845;t m&#7897;t l&#7847;n m&#7895;i ng&#224;y. C&#361;ng c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i l&#432;u &#253; &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng b&#233; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c gi&#7843;m c&#226;n sau ng&#224;y th&#7913; 7 k&#7875; t&#7915; khi ch&#224;o &#273;&#7901;i ho&#7863;c kh&#244;ng quay tr&#7903; l&#7841;i s&#7889; c&#226;n n&#7863;ng l&#250;c m&#7899;i sinh sau 2 tu&#7847;n tu&#7893;i. Th&#244;ng tin n&#224;y gi&#250;p ph&#226;n bi&#7879;t gi&#7919;a vi&#7879;c s&#7909;t c&#226;n b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224; s&#7909;t c&#226;n k&#232;m v&#7899;i m&#7845;t n&#432;&#7899;c tr&#7847;m tr&#7885;ng. &#272;&#7889;i v&#7899;i tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh b&#7883; s&#7909;t c&#226;n h&#417;n b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng, tr&#432;&#7899;c h&#7871;t ph&#7843;i &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; v&#224; h&#7895; tr&#7907; m&#7865; v&#224; con &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m ra nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n, sau &#273;&#243; m&#7899;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh c&#243; c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t ph&#7843;i ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m thay th&#7871; hay kh&#244;ng.</p><p>Tr&#432;&#7899;c ti&#234;n n&#234;n th&#7917; th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m n&#224;o? Quy &#432;&#7899;c c&#7911;a ABM ghi r&#245; th&#7913; t&#7921; nh&#432; sau: S&#7919;a m&#7865; h&#250;t ra, s&#7919;a kh&#7917; tr&#249;ng xin t&#7915; m&#7865; kh&#225;c, s&#7919;a c&#244;ng th&#7913;c th&#7911;y ph&#226;n protein v&#224; cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng l&#224; s&#7919;a c&#244;ng th&#7913;c th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng.</p><p><strong>T&#7840;I SAO PH&#7908; N&#7918; CH&#7884;N S&#7918;A C&#212;NG TH&#7912;C CHO CON </strong>&#272;&#7875; t&#259;ng s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng ph&#7909; n&#7919; &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7909;c ti&#234;u cho con b&#250; m&#7865; ho&#224;n to&#224;n, &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n ch&#250;ng ta ph&#7843;i xem x&#233;t l&#253; do t&#7841;i sao h&#7885; l&#7841;i ch&#7885;n s&#7919;a c&#244;ng th&#7913;c.</p><p>Nh&#7919;ng l&#253; do v&#7873; s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e &#273;&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng s&#7919;a c&#244;ng th&#7913;c g&#7891;m c&#243;: </p><p>&#8226; M&#7897;t s&#7889; ch&#7889;ng ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh c&#7909; th&#7875; (v&#237; d&#7909; nh&#432; m&#7865; b&#7883; nhi&#7877;m HIV ho&#7863;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ch&#7845;t c&#7845;m)</p><p>&#8226; M&#7865; b&#7883; b&#7879;nh ho&#7863;c c&#243; ho&#224;n c&#7843;nh kh&#225;c bu&#7897;c ph&#7843;i t&#225;ch r&#7901;i con.</p><p>C&#225;c l&#253; do kh&#244;ng thu&#7897;c v&#7873; s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e khi cho b&#233; b&#250; s&#7919;a c&#244;ng th&#7913;c g&#7891;m c&#243;: </p><p>&#8226; Thi&#7871;u hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t</p><p>&#8226; C&#225;c v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n v&#259;n h&#243;a ho&#7863;c t&#244;n gi&#225;o</p><p>&#8226; Nh&#7919;ng mong &#273;&#7907;i kh&#244;ng th&#7921;c t&#7871;</p><p>&#8226; Suy ngh&#297; cho r&#7857;ng &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243; gi&#250;p m&#7865; &#8220;ngh&#7881; ng&#417;i&#8221;</p><p>&#8226; Lo l&#7855;ng b&#233; &#8220;kh&#244;ng b&#250; &#273;&#7911;&#8221; s&#7919;a m&#7865;</p><p>&#8226; T&#226;m l&#253; &#8220;T&#7841;i sao kh&#244;ng?&#8221; &#8211; tin r&#7857;ng cho b&#233; b&#250; sct kh&#244;ng c&#243; h&#7853;u qu&#7843; g&#236;.</p><p><strong>L&#192;M SAO &#272;&#7874; KHUY&#7870;N KH&#205;CH VI&#7878;C NU&#212;I CON B&#7856;NG S&#7918;A M&#7864; HO&#192;N TO&#192;N</strong> B&#7845;t k&#7923; ai tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p ch&#259;m s&#243;c tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh &#273;&#7873;u bi&#7871;t r&#7857;ng s&#7917; d&#7909;ng sct m&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#243; l&#253; do s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e l&#224; b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng, v&#224; vi&#7879;c khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch nu&#244;i con b&#7857;ng s&#7919;a m&#7865; ho&#224;n to&#224;n l&#224; vi&#7879;c n&#243;i d&#7877; h&#417;n l&#224;m. B&#7857;ng c&#225;ch trang b&#7883; ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c cho b&#7843;n th&#226;n v&#224; d&#7841;y cho c&#225;c b&#7889; m&#7865; t&#432;&#417;ng lai c&#361;ng nh&#432; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#7915;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#224;m b&#7889; m&#7865; v&#7873; vi&#7879;c &#273;&#7873; ngh&#7883; nu&#244;i con b&#7857;ng s&#7919;a m&#7865; ho&#224;n to&#224;n v&#224; c&#225;ch &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7909;c ti&#234;u n&#224;y, ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; tr&#225;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c vi&#7879;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m thay th&#7871; s&#7919;a m&#7865;. Khi th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y, ch&#250;ng ta c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#250;p c&#225;c b&#224; m&#7865; &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7909;c ti&#234;u s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng th&#244;ng qua vi&#7879;c cho con b&#250; m&#7865; ban &#273;&#7847;u, th&#7901;i gian b&#250; m&#7865;, ho&#224;n to&#224;n, c&#361;ng nh&#432; &#432;&#7899;c mu&#7889;n ban &#273;&#7847;u c&#7911;a h&#7885; v&#7873; vi&#7879;c NCBSM.</p><p>Gi&#225;o d&#7909;c l&#224; chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n, v&#224; t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t. Trong c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#7873; nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n ch&#7845;m d&#7913;t s&#7899;m vi&#7879;c NCBSM (trong v&#242;ng 6 tu&#7847;n &#273;&#7847;u), nh&#7919;ng l&#253; do ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n nh&#7845;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c n&#234;u ra l&#224; nh&#7919;ng mong &#273;&#7907;i thi&#7871;u th&#7921;c t&#7871; c&#7911;a m&#7865;, ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; cho r&#7857;ng m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng c&#243; &#273;&#7911; s&#7919;a, cho b&#250; th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n v&#224; &#273;au. Th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng, &#273;i&#7873;u m&#224; t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#225;c cha m&#7865; c&#7847;n l&#224; vi&#7879;c tr&#7845;n an r&#7857;ng con c&#7911;a h&#7885; kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh v&#224; b&#250; b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng. H&#227;y n&#243;i v&#7899;i cha m&#7865; r&#7857;ng s&#7919;a s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o ngu&#7891;n s&#7919;a v&#224; nhu c&#7847;u v&#224; l&#432;&#7907;ng s&#7919;a &#273;&#243; ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7907;i t&#7915; 3 &#273;&#7871;n 5 ng&#224;y m&#7899;i c&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;, m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; ch&#7881; c&#243; v&#224;i gi&#7885;t s&#7919;a trong 2 ho&#7863;c 3 ng&#224;y &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n th&#432;&#7901;ng lo l&#7855;ng r&#7857;ng m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7911; s&#7919;a cho con khi em b&#233; li&#234;n t&#7909;c &#273;&#242;i b&#250;. H&#227;y cho c&#244; &#7845;y bi&#7871;t r&#7857;ng h&#7877; m&#7895;i l&#7847;n b&#233; b&#250;, c&#417; th&#7875; ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u s&#7919;a h&#417;n &#8211; v&#224; r&#7857;ng da ti&#7871;p da l&#224; c&#225;ch d&#7895; b&#233; &#8211; l&#224;m nh&#432; v&#7853;y s&#7869; l&#224;m cho c&#244; &#7845;y &#273;&#7905; lo h&#417;n. C&#7847;n nh&#7855;c nh&#7903; c&#225;c cha m&#7865; r&#7857;ng trong tu&#7847;n &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n, tr&#7867; s&#417; sinh s&#7869; &#273;&#242;i b&#250; m&#7895;i l&#7847;n th&#7913;c. Nhi&#7873;u ch&#7883; em m&#7899;i l&#224;m m&#7865; th&#432;&#7901;ng s&#7907; r&#7857;ng cho con b&#250; s&#7869; b&#7883; &#273;au. Nhi&#7873;u ch&#7883; em b&#7883; &#273;au do b&#233; kh&#244;ng nu&#7889;t s&#226;u ho&#7863;c ng&#7853;m sau kh&#7899;p hay cho r&#7857;ng &#273;au khi cho con b&#250; l&#224; b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224; v&#236; th&#7871; s&#7869; b&#7883; &#273;au r&#7845;t nhanh v&#224; s&#7869; b&#7883; &#237;t s&#7919;a &#273;i. C&#225;c ch&#7883; c&#7847;n bi&#7871;t r&#7857;ng c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7907;i cho b&#233; h&#225; mi&#7879;ng to v&#224; ng&#7853;m qua n&#250;m v&#250;, l&#432;&#7905;i v&#224; n&#432;&#7899;u c&#7911;a b&#233; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#232; ho&#7863;c c&#7841; v&#224;o n&#250;m v&#250;.</p><p>C&#225;c l&#7899;p h&#7853;u s&#7843;n cho th&#7845;y c&#361;ng c&#243; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;. M&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#273;&#227; ghi nh&#7853;n t&#7881; l&#7879; cho con b&#250; t&#259;ng nhanh v&#224;o l&#250;c 6 tu&#7847;n, 3 th&#225;ng v&#224; s&#225;u th&#225;ng &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i c&#225;c ph&#7909; n&#7919; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7885;n ng&#7851;u nhien &#273;&#7875; xem m&#7897;t video d&#224;i 20 ph&#250;t v&#7873; ti&#7873;n s&#7843;n. Preventive Service Task Force c&#7911;a M&#7929; c&#361;ng khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch c&#243; nh&#7919;ng can thi&#7879;p &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7897;ng vi&#234;n v&#224; h&#7895; tr&#7907; vi&#7879;c NCBSM v&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y c&#7847;n th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n t&#7915; khi mang thai &#273;&#7871;n sau khi sinh. Da ti&#7871;p da ngay sau khi sinh. L&#7907;i &#237;ch c&#7911;a th&#7901;i gian da-ti&#7871;p-da &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c xem x&#233;t r&#7897;ng r&#227;i v&#224; nh&#7845;n m&#7841;nh trong 10 B&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#227; n&#234;u &#8211; &#8220;gi&#250;p m&#7865; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u cho con b&#250; trong v&#242;ng m&#7897;t ti&#7871;ng &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n sau khi sinh&#8221;. AAP v&#224; Tr&#432;&#7901;ng Ph&#7909; S&#7843;n Hoa K&#7923; khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch cho con ti&#7871;p da m&#7865; ngay v&#7915;a khi ch&#224;o &#273;&#7901;i, nh&#7919;ng th&#7911; t&#7909;c v&#224; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; kh&#225;c nh&#432; c&#226;n n&#7863;ng, t&#7855;m b&#233;, x&#7913;c d&#7847;u Erythromycin v&#224; ti&#234;m vitamin K c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7907;i sau khi b&#233; &#273;&#227; b&#250; c&#7919; &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n. Th&#7901;i gian da ti&#7871;p da c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#250;p k&#237;ch th&#237;ch lactogenesis II.</p><p><strong>Tuy&#234;n truy&#7873;n/gi&#225;o d&#7909;c &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o trong vi&#7879;c NCBSM. </strong></p><p>Khi th&#7843;o lu&#7853;n v&#7873; k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch con b&#250;, thay v&#236; ch&#7881; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u b&#7857;ng vi&#7879;c khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch, n&#234;n &#273;&#7863;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i, v&#237; d&#7909;: &#8220;Anh/ch&#7883; th&#237;ch hay kh&#244;ng th&#237;ch s&#7919;a c&#244;ng th&#7913;c &#7903; &#273;i&#7875;m n&#224;o?&#8221;, &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y gi&#250;p ch&#250;ng ta hi&#7875;u &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c c&#7911;a b&#224; m&#7865; khi cho con b&#250;. Ti&#7871;p &#273;&#243;, ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; c&#243; c&#225;ch gi&#225;o d&#7909;c ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i nhu c&#7847;u c&#7909; th&#7875;. Th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng v&#7899;i v&#224;i gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n, nhi&#7873;u ph&#7909; n&#7919; s&#7869; ch&#7885;n c&#225;ch c&#7889; g&#7855;ng cho con b&#250; ho&#224;n to&#224;n, ho&#7863;c &#237;t ra c&#361;ng thay b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch cho b&#233; b&#250; b&#7857;ng s&#7919;a m&#7865; h&#250;t ra. C&#243; th&#7875; khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch nh&#7919;ng ph&#7909; n&#7919; v&#7851;n mu&#7889;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m thay th&#7871; s&#7919;a m&#7865; b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch d&#249;ng m&#7897;t ch&#250;t x&#237;u sct sau khi &#273;&#227; c&#7889; g&#7855;ng cho con b&#250;. Sau &#273;&#243; &#273;&#7897;ng vi&#234;n h&#7885; v&#7855;t tay hay m&#225;y sau m&#7895;i c&#7919; sct &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m tr&#7889;ng tuy&#7871;n s&#7919;a &#273;&#7875; c&#417; th&#7875; nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;n hi&#7879;u s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u s&#7919;a h&#417;n. Nhi&#7873;u m&#7865; c&#243; th&#7875; mu&#7889;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#225;ch kh&#225;c nh&#432; cho u&#7889;ng c&#7889;c ho&#7863;c syring v&#224; tr&#225;nh s&#7917; d&#7909;ng n&#250;m v&#250; nh&#226;n t&#7841;o nh&#432; h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n c&#7911;a WHO.</p><p>Trong nh&#7919;ng bu&#7893;i th&#7843;o lu&#7853;n n&#224;y, &#273;i&#7873;u quan tr&#7885;ng l&#224; n&#234;n m&#7901;i c&#225;c &#244;ng b&#7889;, &#244;ng b&#224; v&#224; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#7895; tr&#7907; ch&#237;nh cho ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; m&#7899;i tham gia. S&#7921; khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch c&#7911;a h&#7885; &#273;&#243;ng g&#243;p cho vi&#7879;c th&#224;nh c&#244;ng khi NCBSM. &#272;&#225;p &#7913;ng nhu c&#7847;u c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865;v&#224; gia &#273;&#236;nh khi h&#7885; NCBSM v&#224; &#273;&#432;a ra l&#7901;i khuy&#234;n c&#361;ng nh&#432; khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch ph&#249; h&#7907;p c&#243; th&#7875; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;. &#272;&#432;a khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch c&#243; t&#237;nh ch&#7845;t cung c&#7845;p th&#244;ng tin thay v&#236; &#273;i&#7873;u khi&#7875;n quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh NCBSM s&#7869; gi&#250;p ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n t&#236;nh h&#7919;u ngh&#7883;. L&#224; b&#225;c s&#297; nhi, ch&#250;ng ta kh&#244;ng n&#234;n ng&#7841;i khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch NCBSM thay v&#236; sct c&#361;ng nh&#432; khi ch&#250;ng ta c&#7843;m th&#7845;y tho&#7843;i m&#225;i t&#432; v&#7845;n cho c&#225;c cha m&#7865; v&#7873; ti&#234;m ch&#7911;ng, ng&#7915;ng h&#250;t thu&#7889;c, s&#7917; d&#7909;ng gh&#7871; ng&#7891;i tr&#234;n xe h&#417;i cho b&#233; v&#224; th&#7921;c t&#7853;p cho b&#233; ng&#7911; an to&#224;n.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.webcuame.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Webcuame&#8217;s Substack! 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